北疆高产棉花(2250kg/hm~2)群体光合、呼吸特性及其与产量关系的研究

在田间自然条件下,研究了北疆高产棉花（２２５０ｋｇ·ｈｍ－２）群体光合速率、呼吸速率的变化及与产量之间的关系。结果表明,公顷产２２５０ｋｇ高产棉花群体光合速率在整个生育期的变化呈单峰型曲线,在盛花期以前稳定上升,至盛铃期达最大,值为４．０５ｇＣＯ２·ｍ－２·ｈ－１,吐絮期尚保持较高水平。全生育期平均值为２．６３ｇＣＯ２·ｍ－２·ｈ－１。群体呼吸速率随生育时期的变化亦呈现单峰曲线,在盛铃期达最大值。值为２．６９ｇＣＯ２·ｍ－２·ｈ－１,群体呼吸速率的最大值出现时期较群体光合速率晚１５～２０天左右。群体光合速率的日变化呈现单峰型曲线。至中午１４：００～１５：００达最大值。群体呼吸速率日变化的趋势与光合相似,但其最大值较群体光合速率晚出现１ｈ左右。盛花结铃期和吐絮期群体光合速率与皮棉产量呈显著正相关。群体呼吸速率与叶面积指数、干物质重之间的盛花期和吐絮期呈显著正相关,与经济产量也呈正相关,但未达显著水平。     

北疆高产棉花(2250kg皮棉/hm~2)栽培生理模式探讨

通过研究提出北疆棉花公顷产２２５０ｋｇ皮棉的栽培生理模式，模式包括叶面积指数、光合势、净同化率、群体光合速率、群体呼吸速率、干物质积累与分配等各项生理指标。叶面积指数在开花、盛花、盛铃、盛絮期分别为１．３０、２．８０、３．９０、１．８０；总光合势２３１．３５×１０４ｍ２·ｄ，其中盛铃期以后的光合势占总光合势的７０．３７％；平均净同化率为８．１４ｇ·ｍ－２·ｄ－１，盛铃后期至吐絮期为４．０５～４．４０ｇ·ｍ－２·ｄ－１；群体光合速率的最高值出现在盛铃前期，值为４．０５ｇ·ＣＯ２·ｍ－２·ｈ－１，全生育期平均为２．６５ｇＣＯ２·ｍ－２·ｈ－１；群体呼吸速率的最高值出现在盛铃后期，值为２．６９ｇＣＯ２·ｍ－２·ｈ－１，平均为１．４６ｇＣＯ２·ｍ－２·ｈ－１；总干物质积累１２６５７．７ｋｇ，经济系数４７．９％。     

新疆高光强条件下小麦群体光合能力的研究

对新疆大陆性气候条件下春小麦群体光合能力进行研究,结果表明:新疆小麦在相同的光强下具有较高的群体表观净光合速率,具有较高的光合生产潜力,其CAP的值在-15~45μmol.m-2.s-1,与山东小麦群体光合能力比较,群体光补偿点相近,光饱和点高出1.5~3.0万lx,CAP最大值在拔节期高出4~7μmol.m-2.s-1,开花期高出6~10μmol.m-2.s-1;温光效应分析表明,光强是影响新疆春小麦群体光合能力主导生态因子,中午光强超过光饱和点是造成群体光合“午休”现象的重要原因。     

花铃期土壤含水量对棉花群体生理和产量影响研究

对两个不同生态类型的棉花高产品种,从开花前至盛铃期以前,模拟生产中常出现的四种棉田供水情况,研究表明：花铃期适水供应处理棉田,叶面积指数增长快、群体干物质积累速率高、产量高,主要原因在于棉花群体光合速率高,呼吸虽高,但呼吸所占比例较低所致。后旱处理对棉花的产量影响不明显,但可大大提高水分利用率。中后旱处理对棉花产量及水分利用效率影响最大;新陆早７号忍耐中后期干旱较弱于新陆早６号。     

两个美国山核桃品种的光合生理特性比较

利用Li-6400光合测定仪于2010年8月下旬对同一立地条件下美国山核桃两个品种（Elliott和James）的光合生理指标及叶绿素含量进行测定,结果表明：（1）两个品种的净光合速率及蒸腾速率日变化呈双峰曲线,但峰值的大小和出现的时间不一致;（2）两个品种的净光合速率均与光合有效辐射、胞间CO2浓度、大气温度等因子呈负相关,而与气孔导度呈极显著的正相关,说明气孔导度是影响其光合速率的主导因子;（3）品种James的叶绿素a、b的值比Elliott的高,而叶绿素a/b的值比Elliott的低;品种James的光补偿点较Elliott的低,而最大净光合速率及表观量子效率较Elliott的高,表明James品种耐阴性较强,光适应范围较大,更适应于皖北地区的生态环境。     

掖单22和SC704玉米群体光合特性的比较

对玉米掖单22和SC704的光合作用初步比较结果表明：两者群体表观光合速率（CAP）日变化呈单峰曲线，峰值一般出现在12：30－14：00，掖单22的峰值略高于SC704，且高值持续期大于SC704；CAP生育期变化表明，两者峰值均出现于抽雄开花期，差异不大，但SC704后期CAP下降迅速。     

等行距密植下滴水量对不同耐旱性棉花品种光合特性的调节

为明确等行距密植机采模式下滴水量对耐旱性不同棉花品种光合特性和生物量的调节效应，以耐旱性品种新陆早22号(P22)和敏旱性品种新陆早17号(P17)为试材，设亏缺滴灌(W1)、限量滴灌(W2)、常规滴灌(W3)处理，研究滴水量对棉花叶片SPAD值、叶片相对含水量(RWC)、气体交换和叶绿素荧光参数以及干物质积累与分配的影响。结果表明，叶片SPAD值和RWC随滴水量减少呈降低趋势，但P22在W2和W3处理下各生育时期均无显著性差异；随滴水量的减少，P17的净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO₂浓度(Ci)、实际光化学效率(Y(II))、和光化学猝灭系数(qP)均呈显著性降低，非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)呈显著增加，但滴水量从W3减少至W2时，P22的Pn、Gs、Ci、Y(II)、qP和NPQ无显著变化；在干物质积累方面，W2条件下，P17吐絮期的营养器官和生殖器官分别比W3下降16.7%和15.1%,P22仅下降7.6%和3.3%;相关性分析表明生殖器官生物量和SPAD、RWC、Pn、Tr、Gs、Ci、Y(II)、qP均呈显著正相关，与NP...     

低温胁迫对棉花幼苗叶片光合特性的影响

以6个北疆棉花主栽品种(品系)为试材,对其进行5℃的低温处理,25℃为对照,研究其幼苗光合特性的变化。结果表明:低温处理后,棉花幼苗叶片的净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)均比对照低,而叶片细胞间隙CO2浓度(Ci)的变化在不同品种中表现差异,新陆早13、297-5和4723下降,而81-3、新陆早36和134-1的变化呈上升趋势。此外,结果还显示,低温处理对棉花幼苗叶片光合参数(Pn、Ci、Gs、Tr)的影响在品种间存在显著差异。因此,Pn、Ci、Gs、Tr可以作为鉴定棉花抗寒性能的指标。     

不同水分条件下棉花红边参数与冠层光合有效辐射和经济系数的相关分析

为探明高光谱红边参数与棉花光合有效辐射参数和经济系数(HI)的关系,利用ASD Fieldspec FR2500地物高光谱辐射仪和LI-190SA线性光量子传感器分别测试棉花两品种五水分处理冠层反射光谱和冠层光合有效辐射(PAR),通过对反射光谱数据进行一阶微分,获取棉花红边位置(λr)、红边斜率(Dr)和红边面积(SDr)参数,同时对光合有效辐射数据处理得到吸收光合有效辐射(APAR)和吸收光合有效辐射截获量(FAPAR)。结果表明:随着生育时期的变化,红边参数Dr和SDr均在盛铃期达最高值,盛铃末期达最低值,冠层光合特征参数APAR和FAPAR分别在开花结铃期和盛铃期达到较高值。对Dr和SDr分别与APAR、FAPAR和经济系数(HI)进行相关分析,结果表明,Dr和SDr与APAR、FAPAR均呈现极显著的正指数函数关系(rDr-APAR=0.5132**,rSDr-APAR=0.4953**,rDr-FAPAR=0.7175**,rSDr-FAPAR=0.7497**,n=40,α=1%);Dr和SDr与HI均呈现极显著的最高负指数函数相关(rDr-HI=-0.8709**,rSDr-HI=-0.8859**,n=40,α=1%)。利用Dr和SDr分别估算FAPAR和HI,模型方程的精度分别为95.4%、78.1%、95.5%和79.7%,说明通过红边参数与光合有效辐射参数和HI的相关函数模型,可以实时、精准地和非破坏性地预测棉花冠层光合有效辐射参数和HI。     

大豆群体冠层结构及光合特性的研究

采用北疆地区主栽春大豆品种，在适宜密度条件下于初荚期去叶疏荚改变粒叶比，探讨不同品种群体粒叶比与冠层结构和不同层次叶片的光合速率。结果表明：剪叶、疏荚处理后，叶面积指数(IAI)、消光系数降低，直射光透过率、散射光透过率增加，群体透光条件得到极大改善，其中IAI与群体消光系数之间呈极显著正相关(P=0．9966^**)，同时,去叶疏荚处理后，在结荚期和鼓粒初期群体光合速率下降。灌浆后期，去1／3叶和去1／2荚处理，群体光照条件改善，延缓了叶片的衰老，群体光合速率比对照增加，表明随着单位叶面积负荷量的增加，单位叶面积有效生产量随之增加，叶片光合生产潜力可以进一步发挥，光合产物有效性提高。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has