剪切速率对黄土力学性质及邓肯 张参数的影响

为探究加载速率对原状黄土强度和变形特性及其邓肯-张模型参数的影响,采用SLB-1型三轴剪切渗透试验仪,开展原状黄土在不同围压和剪切速率下的不固结不排水三轴剪切试验,并通过微观试验验证其宏观力学性质。结果表明：在试验参数设定范围内,剪切速率对原状黄土的力学性能有显著影响,不同剪切速率下原状黄土的偏应力－应变关系基本符合双曲线关系;初始变形模量随围压的增大而增大,随剪切速率的增大呈现先增大后减小的规律,原状黄土的黏聚力c、无因次基数K、应力破坏比Rf和破坏强度与剪切速率之间存在明显的临界剪切速率转折点1.7 mm?min-1,此时各参数均达到最大值,无因次指数n无明显规律可循;当剪切速率小于此临界值时,黏聚力c、无因次基数K、应力破坏比Rf和破坏强度随着剪切速率的增大而增大,当超过剪切速率临界值时又有一定程度的降低,总体上呈现先增大后减小的规律,而内摩擦角随着剪切速率的增大而逐渐增大且增大幅度甚微;试样的偏应力－应变曲线无明显的峰值点,呈应变硬化型;通过拟合曲线,得到了原状黄土试样的抗剪强度指标和破坏强度与不同剪切速率之间的拟合公式,以期更好地研究剪切速率的变化对西宁原状黄土力学性能的影响。     

基于扰动状态理论的沈阳砾砂修正邓肯-张模型

目的研究沈阳地区砾砂受扰动影响的应力-应变关系,以相对密实度为媒介,推导出考虑扰动影响的修正邓肯-张模型,为实际岩土工程问题的计算提供理论依据.方法针对沈阳地区砾砂进行三轴固结排水剪切试验;并基于扰动状态理论,采用相对密实度Dr为扰动参量,提出能考虑扰动影响的统一扰动度函数,并将其引入Duncan-Chang模型中,结合三轴试验结果,提出适用于沈阳地区砾砂的修正D-C模型;最后将试验曲线与理论计算曲线进行对比分析.结果中密或密实状态砾砂,应力-应变关系呈应变软化型;峰值强度会随围压增大而增大;峰值强度也会随Dr的增大而增大.传统D-C模型中的参数K和峰值强度(σ1-σ3)f受扰动影响程度较大,而参数n和Rf在扰动过程中变化微小.结论采用笔者提出的考虑扰动影响的修正模型计算结果较传统D-C模型更接近于真实的试验结果.因此,该修正模型可更好地模拟沈阳地区粗颗粒土的强度与变形特性.     

压实度对黄土填方边坡变形破坏特征的影响及细微观试验研究

压实度是影响黄土填方边坡稳定性的重要因素。目前很少有学者将宏观(模型试验)、细观(三轴试验)以及微观(扫描电镜试验)等手段联合起来研究压实黄土。为此开展了不同压实度下模型试验、等压固结不排水(isobaric consolidation undrained, ICU)试验和扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscope, SEM)试验。分析了不同压实度下压实黄土的饱和强度、临界状态、孔隙水压力和峰值强度(u-q_max)关系,同时也分析了不同压实度下微观孔隙结构特征,统计了不同孔隙类型个数、面积以及孔隙的平均面积、孔隙率和概率熵等。研究结果表明：饱和强度、临界状态线的斜率M值、u-q_max关系均随压实度的增大而增大。随着压实度增大,试样的孔隙个数增大,但孔隙面积减小,且微小孔隙决定了压实黄土的孔隙结构;平均孔隙面积、孔隙率随压实度增大而减小,而概率熵则随压实度增大而增加。黄土填方边坡中,增大填料的压实度可以提高土体的强度,减缓水分的入渗速率。在降雨情况下,增加土体压实度能在一定程度上提高黄土填方边坡的稳定性。     

非充分补水条件下冬灌区压实黄土的冻融变形特性

结合宁夏的气候和黄土区域特点,以压实度和饱和度为因素,设计正交试验方案,用维持饱和度不变的一维单向冻融试验方法,研究压实黄土在非充分补水条件下的冻胀和融沉特性,分析其作用规律,建立冻胀率、融沉系数与饱和度、压实度及冻融循环次数间的关系模型.结果表明,非充分补水条件下,压实黄土的冻胀率和融沉系数均随冻融循环次数的增加而增大,在约12次时趋于稳定,且冻融循环效应随压实度或饱和度的增大而提高.冻胀率随饱和度的增大而增大,随压实度变化的规律与冻融循环次数有关,在7次冻融循环内随压实度的增大而减小,之后随压实度的增大而增大.融沉系数随压实度的增大而减小,随饱和度的增大而增大.压实度和饱和度对压实黄土的冻融变形影响显著,均是重要的影响因素.建立的关系模型预测结果准确,可用于预测非充分补水条件下压实黄土的冻融变形.     

黄土结构性与强度指标的相关性

为解决当前黄土结构性和强度指标之间的规律缺乏系统研究的问题;针对晋南地区某基坑黄土进行压缩试验及三轴试验,研究强度指标随结构性参数的变化规律.结果表明:当含水量较低时,结构性参数随含水量的增大迅速减小;而在较高含水量时,减小趋势变缓;强度指标随结构性参数的增大而增大,增大范围较大;而强度指标增大范围较小,且随结构性参数的增大,增大趋势变大.     

剪切速率对黄土力学性质及邓肯-张模型参数的影响

为探究加载速率对原状黄土强度和变形特性及其邓肯-张模型参数的影响,采用SLB-1型三轴剪切渗透试验仪,开展原状黄土在不同围压和剪切速率下的不固结不排水三轴剪切试验,并通过微观试验验证其宏观力学性质。结果表明:在试验参数设定范围内,剪切速率对原状黄土的力学性能有显著影响,不同剪切速率下原状黄土的偏应力-应变关系基本符合双曲线关系;初始变形模量随围压的增大而增大,随剪切速率的增大呈现先增大后减小的规律,原状黄土的黏聚力c、无因次基数K、应力破坏比R_f和破坏强度与剪切速率之间存在明显的临界剪切速率转折点1.7 mm/min,此时各参数均达到最大值,无因次指数n无明显规律可循;当剪切速率小于此临界值时,黏聚力c、无因次基数K、应力破坏比R_f和破坏强度随着剪切速率的增大而增大,当超过剪切速率临界值时又有一定程度的降低,总体上呈现先增大后减小的规律,而内摩擦角随着剪切速率的增大而逐渐增大且增大幅度甚微;试样的偏应力-应变曲线无明显的峰值点,呈应变硬化型;通过拟合曲线,得到了原状黄土试样的抗剪强度指标和破坏强度与不同剪切速率之间的拟合公式,以期更好地研究剪切速率的变化对西宁原状黄土力学性能的影响。     

基于不同初始含水量的压实黄土力学特性试验研究

用常规击实方法制备不同击实能下的压实黄土土样,比较三个不同击实能下的击实曲线,通过室内试验研究了随含水量和击实能的变化压实黄土强度的变化规律。试验结果表明:压缩系数随含水量增加而增大,随击实能变化表现为当含水量为某一击实能对应的最优含水量时,该击实能下的压实黄土压缩系数最小;剪切强度随含水量增加降低,随击实能的变化同样与相应击实能下的最优含水量密切相关。提出严格控制含水量是提高回填土地基和路基压实质量的重中之重,并指出采用压实度作为指标控制填土压实质量时必须注意击实能的影响,以确保压实度作为压实质量控制指标的合理性。     

三轴试验确定邓肯-张模型参数及其在 FLAC3D中的应用

目前在工程中广泛采用邓肯-张双曲线模型进行土体的应力和应变分析。邓肯-张E-B模型共有8个参数,并且其各项参数易于从常规三轴试验求得。通过三轴试验确定试验土的各项参数,运用FLAC3D实现该三轴试验数值模拟与试验结果对比验证,并应用于实际工程的数值模拟中。路基竖向位移计算值和监测值的对比验证了邓肯-张E-B本构模型在有限差分程序中的准确性和适用性。     

黄土高填方工后沉降影响因素敏感性分析

以吕梁机场黄土高填方为工程背景,通过室内重塑黄土单轴固结蠕变试验获得变形时效参数。采用有限元方法,研究了黄土高填方的工后沉降敏感性问题。量化分析了填方体因素:填土高度、填土速率、填料压实度、含水率,原地基因素:强夯法的强夯深度、碎石桩法的桩长、桩间距、桩径等因素对高填方工后沉降的影响,提出了基于上述因素的工后沉降敏感度系数。结果表明:黄土高填方工后沉降随填土高度的增加呈指数增长;随填土速率、含水率的增加呈线性增加;随填料压实度、强夯深度、桩径、桩长的增加呈线性衰减;随桩间距的增大呈对数增长。其中黄土高填方工后沉降对填料压实度最为敏感。     

宽级配砾质土三轴试验研究

对某宽级配砾质土分别进行了中型和大型三轴固结排水剪试验,研究了不同试样干密度、不同掺砾量下宽级配砾质土的强度、应力应变特性及邓肯-张模型参数,并对中三轴与大三轴2种不同尺寸试验结果进行了分析和对比.结果表明:宽级配砾质土的偏应力峰值强度、抗剪强度及其剪胀性随着掺砾量和试样干密度的变化呈现一定的变化规律;随着掺砾量或试样干密度的增大,中三轴和大三轴试验邓肯-张模型参数的K均随之增大,但n随之减小;在相同掺砾量下,初始弹性模量和体积变形模量均随着试样干密度的增大而增大.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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