Translate the Cultural Differences on the Principle of Skopostheory

How to deal with the cultural differences in translation has become a very important issue in translation theory. The paper introduces Skopostheory to cultural translation and argues that it is not only appropriate but also successful in translating the cultural differences inaccordance with its corresponding purpose in each specific piece of translation. The author makes an illustration by comparing two differentEnglish translations of a fragment extracted from the Chinese novel“A Dream of Red Mansions”.     

An Analysis of the Theme and the Characters in"The Destructors"

Graham Greene is one of the most important English writers in the 20th century.In Greene’s novels,readers easily find a literary world which is a dark land filled with violence,guilt,corruption and other forms of evil."The Destructors"also reflects this theme.Being interested in the story and the teenagers’growing-up,the author starts this paper-An Analysis of the theme and the characters in"The Destructors".First of all,this paper discusses the reasons that cause the gang to make destructions.The children are so violent;it has its intangible needs.It gives a new view to think about the children’s heart and makes us to recognize what the war left to people,especially to the children.And then,based on the analysis of the theme and characters,this paper discusses that the characters and their actions project the theme to a great extent,and that the teenagers’psychology and actions are greatly determined by their surroundings,which should be reconsidered by instructors.The moral and character education should gain a good deal of enlightenment from it.     

the Dispute over Domestication and Foreignization in China

Foreignization and domestication as two major translation techniques have long been the focus of the debate in translation circles. The paper reviews the history of the dispute by introducing some essays on domestication and foreignization published in key translation jour- nals in China. The ultimate aim of this dissertation is to propose that domestication and foreignization co-exist and a good translation contains both strategies. So it is unnecessary to argue which one is better. As the number of the example in this paper is limited, its credibility needs further investigation and research.     

Literal Translation and Free Translation in the Translation of the Bible——Struggles and Compromises

This essay attempts to explore the struggles and compromises of literal translation and free translation in the Bible translation,and comes to the conclusion that the two methods experienced a process from being immature to mature till the final merge of them,which reflected the need of the readers and the social settings of different epochs.     

Stylistic Analysis of ＂A Modest Proposal＂

Jonathan Swift is the supreme master of prose and one of the greatest satirists in English literature.This paper tries to analyze his famous satiric works,"A Modest Proposal" in a stylistic way.By using stylistic analysis,the author aims to help readers appreciate this essay much easier and get the conclusion that Swift censures the landlords and the English government should be responsible for all the misery of the Irish people and shows great sympathy for poor Irish people in this satire works.     

On the Iceberg Style of Ernest Hemingway

Comments on Hemingway’s style have seemed to agree on the simplicity and apparent naturalness of his prose, and its effect of profoundity.The principle of iceberg, which Hemingway adopts in his literary creation, was the main reason attracting readers and critics.The whole art of the principle is concision and profoundity, or saying what you mean in the fewest and clearest words.This essay mainly clarifies the connotation of the two parts of "iceberg"—the one eighth and the seven eighths; and the relations between them.It emphatically expounds how the writer uses the symbolism technique and how his language reaches a unique impact.In the last part of it, the author of the essay traces back to the key elements forming the principle and gives a pertinent conclusion on the style.     

The Textual Condition of Jane Austen's Sense and Sensibility

Literature has increasingly been seen as a text in a context. And text is a particular embodiment of the abstract idea that a work tries to exhibit. The textual condition of a publication involves not only the author but also the editor, publisher and readers. Text varies because of its ever-changing textual condition. Since its first publication in 1813, Jane Austen's novel Sense and Sensibility had been reproduced several times in the 19th century. The analysis of the novel's text and textuality in a way ...     

The effect of antibody surface packing density on its antigen binding capacity

Following our recent study of the binding of antigen hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) onto a mouse monoclonal antibody anti-β-hCG immobilized onto the support surface, we report a more recent study of the site-specific recognition of another surface immobilized mouse monoclonal antibody anti-α-hCG by hCG. The two antibodies have similar structures and molecular weights but different site-specific recognition from hCG. They both are used in the fabrication of fertility test immunoassays. Previous study by neutron reflection has indicated the “flat-on” orientation of anti-β-hCG with its Fc and two Fabs lying flat on the support surface. The aim of this work is to determine if there is any measurable difference in hCG binding between the two antibodies that could be attributed to the steric hindrance associated with specific binding sites. The adsorption and hCG binding for anti-α-hCG were made under the surface and in solutions as for anti-β-hCG so that the outcome could be directly compared. The results show that the two antibodies are bound by hCG in an almost identical fashion, suggesting that apart from the site-specific recognition there is no measurable difference in the steric hindrance between the α and β sites.     

On the Greatness of Gatsby

F.Scott Fitzgerald is one of the greatest writers of the 1920s America.Written in 1925,The Great Gatsby is generally considered as his representative novel and one of the greatest literary documents of the period.The success of the novel owes to the depiction of the hero-Gatsby.This paper mainly focuses on the characteristics of the hero.Through this point of view,readers may get some new ideas and understandings of this novel’s theme.In the process of depicting that era-the Jazz Age,this paper reveals the greatness of Gatsby in one regard as well as the critical significance towards that specific period in other aspects,so as to prove that Jay Gatsby is really a great man.     

Introduction about Eileen Chang’s translation of the Old Men and the Sea

People in our country know Eileen Chang mainly as an outstanding writer and literator.In fact she is appreciated more than being a writer internationally.Yet Chang’s outstanding talent as a trans1ator is known very 1ittle in mainland China.This thesis selects Eileen Chang’s translation phenomenon as the object of study. Mainly because at first, the translator is of course the decisive factor that makes the target text equivalent to the source text,and case study of outstanding translators obviously is a very important part of both translation theories and practice. Among the factors influencing translation, the subjectivity of the translator is the key one. For a translator who is also a writer,his/ her writing view influences his/ her translating ractice. Eileen Chang’s writing view is inflected in her translation of The Old Man and the Sea by Ernest Hemingway. In my thesis, I would analysis her skill when translating the Old Man and the Sea. I found that she reflected her own attitude to the life when translating the novel.     

Characteristics of the crustal structure and hypocentral tectonics in the epicentral area of Nan’ao earthquake (M7.5), the northeastern South China Sea

1918 Nan’ao earthquake (M7.5) occurred in the northeast coastal areas of Guangdong Province. With the seismogeological survey of the epicentral area and history materials analyses, the earthquake epicenter was estimated to locate in the intersection part of the Binhai fault zone (Littoral) and Huanggangshui fault, which strikes NEE and NW, respectively. The activities of the NEE-striking thrust fault and NW-striking extensional fault that were attributed to 1918 Nan’ao earthquake occurred in the Dongshan Island of the epicentral area; they reflected the focal stress field with compression in NW-SE direction and extension in NE-SW direction. The isoseismal contour of seismic intensity X shows a shape of ‘X’ composed of two mutually overlapping ellipses with two axes striking NEE and NW, respectively, and such shape implies that the occurrence of this earthquake is controlled by a pair of conjugate seismotectonic faults constituted by the NEE-striking Binhai fault zone and the NW-striking Huanggangshui fault. The Binhai fault zone is a dominant seismogenic structure, and the NW-striking Huanggangshui fault is the subdominant one. The onshoreoffshore deep seismic profile that crossed the epicentral area and was perpendicular to the strike of the Binhai fault zone was obtained. According to the analyses of the seismic data, the Binhai fault zone is defined as a low velocity zone with SE dip-slip in thecrustal structure section. The Binhai fault zone is a boundary fault between the South China subplate and South China Sea subplate. The crust structure on the northwest side of Binhai fault zone is a normal continental crust with a thickness of 30 km, and the one on the southeast side of the fault zone is a thinning continental crust with a thickness of 25―28 km. The Binhai fault zone is an important seismogenic fault and also is an earthquake-controlling fault. The intersection part between the Binhai fault zone and the low velocity zone of upper crust is advantageous to stress concentration and strain energy accumulation, and presents the deep dynamic conditions for the earthquake’s pregnancy and occurrence.     

“Chi-Fang-Qi”: Is it the aureole of an ancient supernova?

An annotation for the statement about JingXing (Great Star) in the most famous Chinese ancient historical book Ski Ji Historical Records authored by Sima Qian reads as follows: “There was a red aureole (“Chi-Fang-Qi”) which connected with a deep-color aureole (“Qing-Fang-Qi”). Two yellaw stars were in the red aureole,one yellow star was in the deep-color aureole”. The author of the annotation was Meng Kang, an officer as well as a scholar of the Wei State in the Three Kingdoms period. The same records are to be found in two other Chinese histurical books compiled by the authors of later ages in Tang Dynasty——Jin History and Sui History. The scene illustrated by the record of “Chi-Fang-Qi” is very similar to the pictures of SN1987A taken by the Hubble Space Telescope. Let it be noted that although the ancient authors were often with serious wrong understandings of some astronomical phenomena such as supernovae, their depictions about natural phenomena they witnessed were mostly objective, and it was unlikely that they fictionally made the record of “Chi-Fang-Qi”. We infer that the ancient observers might have ever watched a very bright supernnva with an aureole structure in its remnant and then left such a record. Meng Kang perhaps was the first to give the record about“Chi-Fang-Qi”, and he might have lived in the period from about AD 180 to AD250, very near to AD 185. so, here the supernova the ancient people watched was most likely the one in the year of AD 185. This supposition is consistent with the distance parameter of the most possible remnant of SN185 derived by some modern measurements. If the correlation between the record of “Chi-Fang-Qi” and the supernova remnant can he further proven true, it would be an important verification of the modern theory about stellar evolution.     

On the Translation of Idioms in Terms of Functional Equivalence-The Scholars

Idioms translation is of special importance both in English and Chinese languages.It is necessary to understand its implied meaning.This paper has made a summary of idioms translation techniques employed by the Yangs in The scholars,laying emphasis on the relationship between Functional Equivalence and idioms translation.Introducing six ways of idioms translation in The Scholars,the author explores the common ground between Yang Xianyi and Nida＇s translating ideas--the translation should consider both the readers and translators,be faith-ful to the original point of view and so on.     

The Quantitative Instability of Non-linearity System and the Particularity of Information

The present paper tries to discuss the quantity instability in the non-linearity dynamics equations without the limit of the stability in the dynamics equations. The result shows that the quantity instability of non-linearity can be deducted to the turning transformation in the curvature space. “The dynamics of varying acceleration” is not the issue of inertia system in science of the time. The particularity as information cannot limit the quantity instability with the quantity stability in inertia system. The particular information does have the significant meaning related to the turning transformation in evolution, in which each problem of non-linearity or matter evolution can go out of the inertia system by means of “kill three birds with one stone”.     

The orientational preferences of backbones of proteins

The orientation between the backbone residues of proteins is defined based on the local configurations and the corresponding preferences are analyzed by statistics.It is found that all the residue pairs have some specific preferences of orientations.The statistical analysis is mainly concen-trated in the orientational distributions for two kinds of groupings of residues based on the hydrophobicity and secondary structural features.The statistics for such two types of groupings shows different orienta-tional preferences.It is found that for the former grouping the orientational preference is rather weak, while for the later a kind of strong orientational pref-erences.This suggests that the formation of local structures and of secondary structures are highly related to the orientational preferences.     

Mitochondrial 16S rRNA sequence variations and phylogeny of the Chinese sisorid catfishes

Partial sequences of mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene were obtained by PCR amplification for comparisons among nine species of glyptosternoid fishes and six species of non-glyptosternoids representing 10 sisorid genera. There are compositional biases in the A-rich unpaired regions and G-rich paired regions. A-G transitions are primarily responsible for the Ts/Tv bias in unpaired regions. The overall substitution rate in unpaired regions is almost two times higher than that in the paired regions. Saturation plots at comparable levels of sequence divergence demonstrate no saturation effects. Phylogenetic analyses using both maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods support the monophyly of Sisoridae. Chinese sisorid catfishes are composed of two majorlineages, one represented by (Gagata (Bagarius, Glyptothorax)) and the other by “glyptosternoids Pseudecheneis“. The glyptosternoids may not be a monophyletic group. A previous hypothesis referring to Pseudecheneis as the sister group of monophyletic glyptosternoids, based on morphological evidence, is not supported by the molecular data. Pseudecheneis is shown to be a sister taxon of Glaridoglanis. Pareuchiloglanis might be paraphyletic with Pseudexostoma and Euchiloglanis. Our results also support the hypothesis that Pareuchiloglanis anteanalis might be considered as the synonyms of Pareuchiloglanis sinensis, and genus Euchiloglanis might have only one valid species, Euchiloglanis davidi.     

Effect of the contact distance on transport properties of an orsanic molecular device

Using a spatially symmetric phenyldithiolate molecule sandwiched between two gold electrodes as model system and through shifting one electrode from symmetric contact site to form asymmetric contact, we investigated the properties of electronic transport in such a device by the first-principles. It was found that the/（G ）-V characteristics of a device show significant asymmetry and the magnitudes of current and conductance depend remarkably on the variation of molecule-metal distance at one of the two contacts. Namely, an asymmetric contact would lead to the weak rectifying effects on the current-voltage characteristics of a molecular device. The analysis shows that the HOMO is responsible for the resonant tunneling and its shift due to the charging of the device while the bias voltage is the intrinsic origin of asymmetric/（G）- Vcharacteristics.     

Fluid Flow Behavior of Liquid in Cylindrical Vessels Stirred by One or Two Air Jets

Based on the two-phase model (Eulerian-Eulerian model), the three dimensional fluid flow in water and that liquid steel systems stirred by one or two multiple gas jets are simulated. In the Eulerian-Eulerian two-phase model, the gas and the liquid phase are considered to be two different continuous fluids interacting with each other through the finite inter-phase areas. The exchange between the phases is represented by source terms in conversation equations. Turbulence is assumed to be a property of the liquid phase. A new turbulence modification k-ε model is introduced to consider the bubbles movement contribution to k and ε. The dispersion of phases due to turbulence is represented by introducing a diffusion term in mass conservation equation. The mathematical simulation agrees well with the experiment results. The study results indicate that the distance of two nozzles has big effect on fluid flow behavior in the vessel. Using two gas injection nozzles at the half radii of one diameter of the bottom generates a much better mixing than with one nozzle under the condition of the same total gas flow rate.     

AN ANALYSIS TOWARDS CULTURAL FACTORS IN ENGLISH AND CHINESE TRANSLATION IN THE MATERIAL FIELD

Language is the carrier of culture,and translation is a cultural information exchanging process in which the connotation of one language is expressed in the other one,namely,translation is not only the process of language exchanging but also the process of culture exchanging.To a great extent,the transform of culture information is restricted by culture factors.Therefore,in order to reappear the original flavor naturally and properly during the process of translation,one must think highly of the fact that culture factors affect translation activities a lot.This thesis transilluminates the culture factors in E/C translation through the translation comparison among the Chinese and English set phrases,idioms,allusions,sayings,and colloquialism;It also tries to analyze the way of cultural information transaction in E/C translation and put forward the opinion to it.     

Rapid Measurement of Short Fiber Content on Hertel Sample

This paper offers a new method of measuring short fiber content of cotton fibers. The method is composed of two parts： one is Hertel sampling and the other is image testing. With the help of fiber mixer, a thin and even cotton net is obtained on which we can get Hertel sample by using a sliver clamp. The near micro optical mechanism consists of one large area CCD and one lens with long focus. This mechanism is able to measure every cotton fiber of the test beard accurately and makes it possible to measure accumulating fibers＇ amounts. On this base we can calculate short fiber content of cotton, and the experiment results show that this method is efficient.