黑子南瓜中STK类抗病基因同源序列的克隆及序列分析

 黑子南瓜是一种具有较强抗病性的葫芦科植物,依据所克隆的植物丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶类抗病基因中的保守氨基酸序列合成相应的简并引物,从黑子南瓜基因组DNA中通过PCR克隆到了一些STK类的R-片段,经相关软件分析发现其中之一可以编码完整的氨基酸序列,可能来源于黑子南瓜中某个抗病或抗病相关基因.该基因片段与来源于其他已知基因的相应序列比较发现同源性都比较低,属于一个新的STK类R-片段家族成员.从黑子南瓜中克隆STK类片段,将为进一步从该植物材料中获得STK类抗病基因提供新线索.     

荔枝R基因同源序列的克隆与分析

根据已知植物抗病基因（R基因）编码的蛋白质NBS保守区设计特异简并引物，对荔枝的基因组DNA进行体外扩增，获得了一条大小约500bp的扩增谱带；回收该特异扩增带并进行克隆，筛选若干阳性克隆进行测序，共获得5个片段的序列。同源性比较发现，该5个片段均属于NBS－LRR类抗病基因同源序列（RGA），与已知R基因相应区段的氨基酸序列一致性为13.5%-45.9%。这些RGA既可进一步用于筛选荔枝的抗病候选基因，同时也可以作为分子标记，用于荔枝遗传图谱的构建。该研究表明R基因同源克隆技术可望成为荔枝抗病基因克隆和基因组研究的重要手段。     

PJ综合症相关抑癌基因LKB1/STK11的逆转录PCR法克隆及序列分析

从正常人胎盘组织中克隆出人野生型PJ综合症相关抑癌基因LKB1/STK11cDNA片段.以提取的总RNA为模板,采用逆转录法获得cDNA第一条链,采用94℃变性、72℃退火及延伸的特殊条件,经PCR扩增出抑癌基因LKB1/STK11cDNA片段,克隆到T载体,在国内首次报道了LKB1/STK11基因的克隆.序列分析表明,该cDNA全长1299bp,与GenBank中人野生型LKB1cDNA编码序列完全相同,证实获得了人野生型抑癌基因LKB1/STK11的cDNA克隆.LKB1/STK11cDNA的成功克隆为其原核表达载体的构建和LKB1/STK11蛋白在细胞内的作用及其抑癌效果、抑癌机理的研究打下了基础.     

血吸虫膜相关抗原基因的克隆

目的:筛选日本血吸虫(Schistosoma japonicum,S.japonicum)新的疫苗候选抗原基因.方法:以S.japonicum成虫DNA为模板,PCR扩增相关基因,然后将其克隆XpBS-T载体,通过菌落PCR对产物进行检测,对阳性克隆子测序,与GeneBank中的已知相关序列进行比对分析.结果:菌落PCR获得一条与PCR产物一致的DNA片段,序列测定结果表明PCR产物与S.japonicum 22.6 kDa抗原分子核苷酸序列具有高度同源性.其目的基因大小636 bp,具有一个189 bp的ORF,能编码63个氨基酸.ORF不是全长的阅读框,只获得部分编码区.表达产物可含有一个包含9个氨基酸残基的潜在螺旋跨膜片段(25～33位)和一个酪氨酸激酶磷酸化位点(38～39位).讨论:成功克隆出一个与S.japonicum 22.6kDa抗原编码基因有高度同源性的基因.预测该基因为膜相关蛋白基因,可编码血吸虫体表膜相关蛋白.在生理机能上,该膜相关蛋白可能是信号传递分子.     

甘蓝抗病基因同源序列分离的初步研究

根据已分离植物抗病基因N(烟草)、RPS2(拟南芥)和L6(亚麻)的保守区域设计简并引物,从抗TuMV甘蓝材料84075第1链cDNA中扩增出1个与植物抗病基因同源的序列,经克隆测序结果表明,该基因片段与许多NBS类抗病基因同源,Southem杂交分析表明甘蓝抗病基因同源序列在基因组中以多基因家族的形式存在.     

夏威夷椰子超氧化物歧化酶基因片段的克隆与序列分析

以热带植物夏威夷椰子(Chamae doreacostricana)基因组DNA为模板,根据SOD基因保守序列设计特异引物进行PCR扩增,得到特异基因片段.回收该基因片段,与pMD182T载体连接,并转化到感受态大肠杆菌ER2566细胞,获得Cu*Zn-SOD基因片段的克隆.序列分析表明夏威夷椰子Cu*Zn-SOD基因片段含3个外显子和3个内含子,编码64个氨基酸,与玉米、红薯和白杨相应氨基酸序列的同源性分别为82.81%,81.25%,81.25%和79.69%.     

家蚕浓核病毒BmDNV-1(伊那株)结构蛋白基因VP4的克隆、表达及抗体制备

为研发新的日本血吸虫(Schistosoma japonicum)疫苗候选抗原基因,为血吸虫诊断和疫苗研制提供依据,提取和纯化S.japonicum成虫DNA,PCR扩增相关基因,然后将其克隆入pBST载体,对菌落PCR阳性克隆子测序和分析.菌落PCR获得一条与PCR产物一致的DNA片段,PCR产物与S.japonicum 22 600抗原分子DNA序列具有高度同源性,636 bp大小,oRF189 bp,ORF小是全长的蒯读框,只获得部分编码区,能编码63个氨基酸,表达产物含有一个包含9个氨基酸残基的潜在螺旋跨膜片段(25～33位)和一个酪氨酸激酶磷酸化位点(38～39位).本研究所获取的阳性克隆是与S.japonicum 22 600抗原编码基因有高度同源性的基因.通过Blastn和BLASTP分析,预测该基因为体膜相关蛋白基因,可编码血吸虫体壁相关蛋白,可能是信号传递分子.     

大腹圆蛛拖丝蛋白基因3'端克隆和序列分析

用PCR(Polymerase Chain Reaction)技术从大腹圆蛛主壶腹腺组织的基因组DNA和RNA中分别扩增获得编码拖丝蛋白基因的3'端基因序列,克隆PCR产物到pDrive载体,经PCR、限制性酶切筛选和序列分析后证明获得了蜘蛛拖丝蛋白基因两个克隆AvDS1和AvRS2.基因序列和氨基酸序列分析表明AvDS1和AvRS2具有拖丝蛋白基因序列和蛋白质氨基酸序列特有的结构特征,氨基酸序列中存在4个motifs-(A)n(GA)n(GFGX)n以及(GGX)n.AvDS1与基因库中已报道的蜘蛛拖丝蛋白基因序列同源性较低,而AvRS2与已经报道的Nephila clavipes拖丝蛋白基因组分-1的同源性可达91%,推测AvRS2是编码大腹圆蛛拖丝蛋白基因组分-1基因片段.比较这两个克隆的核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列,发现它们之间没有同源性.推测它们是同一基因的不同片段,或是编码大腹圆珠拖丝蛋白的两个基因组分. 明AvDS1和AvRS2具有拖丝蛋白基因序列和蛋白质氨基酸序列特有的结构特征,氨基酸序列中存在4个motifs-(A)n(GA)n(GFGX)n以及(GGX)n.AvDS1与基因库中已报道的蜘蛛拖丝蛋 基因序列同源性较低,而AvRS2与已经报道的Nephila clavipes拖丝蛋白基因组分-1的同源性可达91%,推测AvRS2是编码大腹圆蛛拖丝蛋白基因组分-1基因片段.比较这两个克隆的核苷酸序列和氨基酸序列,发现它们之间没有同源性.推测它们是同一基因的不同片段,或是编码大腹圆珠拖丝蛋白的两个基因组分. 明AvD     

多年生簇毛麦基因组Yr10全长同源序列的分离及鉴定

根据植物抗病基因保守结构域NBS(Nucleotide-binding site,核苷酸结合位点)、LRR(Leucine-rich repeats,富含亮氨酸重复)设计13条引物相互组合对多年生簇毛麦基因组总DNA进行PCR扩增,获得了小麦抗条锈病基因Yr10的全长同源序列DbRGAYr10,其序列全长为5615 bp,编码的氨基酸组成与其他已知的普通小麦(Triticum aestivum)、节节麦(Aegilops tauschii)、水稻(Oryza sativa)、大麦(Hordeum vulgare)、高粱(Sorghum bicolor)、一粒小麦(Triticum monococcum)基因组内Yr10基因或抗性类似基因编码的氨基酸序列具有89~90%的同源性,且大部分氨基酸序列保守.序列分析表明DbRGAYr10为类NBS-LRR抗病基因,包含TATA-box等顺式作用元件.本研究为最终从多年生簇毛麦中发掘新的抗病基因和开展遗传转化获得新的抗病品种奠定了基础.     

枇杷番茄红素β环化酶基因片段的克隆和序列分析

根据蔷薇科植物番茄红素β环化酶（LYC）基因的保守区序列，设计1对PCR引物，以枇杷基因组DNA为模板，采用PCR方法扩增长约300bp的DNA片段，克隆人pMD-18T载体，测得该基因片段长312bp，编码102个氨基酸，属于开放阅读框的一部分，不含内含子。在GenBank中进行同源性检索表明该序列与苹果番茄红素β环化酶基因同源性为97％，由此推测这个基因属于枇杷番茄红素β环化酶基因。     

基于SVM-RFE的水稻抗病基因筛选

提出一种改进的回归特征消去支持向量机特征选择方法(SVM-RFE)对水稻的抗病基因进行筛选. 实验结果表明: 在预测得到的20个与水稻抗病/敏感相关基因中, 有3个基因与已知的水稻抗病基因紧密相关; 2个基因与已知的水稻抗病基因有一定的相关性. 通过该方法能找到影响水稻生长状态（正常/染病）的基因.     

Cytogenetic Mapping of Disease Resistance Genes and Analysis of Their Distribution Features on Chromosomes in Maize

0　IntroductionMaizeisamongthemostintensivelystudiedspeciesingeneticsandoneofagronomicallythemostimportantplants.Therearemanydis easemicrobesandpeststoattackmaize,whichre sultsinlowproductionandbadquality .Withthedevelopmentofverydensegeneticmapconstruc tion ,avarietyoftheimportantdiseaseresistancegenesofmaizeincludingHelminthosporiumtur ciumPassresistancegenesHt1,Htn1andHt2 ,HelminthosporiummaydisNisikresistancegenesRhm1andRhm2 ,maizedwarfmosaicvirusresis tancegeneMdm1,wheatstreakmosaicvi…     

Enhancing rice resistance to fungal pathogens by transformation with cell wall degrading enzyme genes from Trichoderma atroviride

Three genes encoding for fungal cell wall degrading enzymes (CWDEs), ech42, nag70 and gluc78 from the biocontrol fungus Trichoderma atroviride were inserted into the binary vector pCAMBIA1305.2 singly and in all possible combinations and transformed to rice plants. More than 1800 independently regenerated plantlets in seven different populations (for each of the three genes and each of the four gene combinations) were obtained. The ech42 gene encoding for an endochitinase increased resistance to sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani, while the exochitinase-encoding gene, nag70, had lesser effect. The expression level of endochitinase but exochitinase was correlated with disease resistance. Nevertheless, exochitinase enhanced the effect of endochitinase on disease resistance when the two genes co-expressed in transgenics. Resistance to Magnaporthe grisea was found in all kinds of regenerated plants including that with single gluc78. A few lines expressing either ech42 or nag70 gene were immune to the disease. Transgenic plants are being tested to further evaluate disease resistance at field level. This is the first report of multiple of expression of genes encoding CWDEs from Trichoderma atroviride that result in resistance to blast and sheath blight in rice.     

Genes for resistance to stripe rust on chromosome 2B and their application in wheat breeding

Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is one of the most damaging diseases of wheat worldwide. Growing resistant cultivars is the most economic and environmental friendly way to control the disease. There are many resistance genes to stripe rust located on wheat chromosome 2B. Here, we propose a strategy to construct the recombinant wheat chromosome 2B with multiple resistances to stripe rust by making crosses between wheat lines or cultivars carrying Yr genes and using marker-assisted selection, based on the reported information about resistance spectrum, chromosomal location, and linked markers of the genes. Pyramiding the resistance genes on 2B would afford a valuable strategy to control the disease by cultivating varieties with durable resistance. The possibility, efficiency, and prospect of the suggested strategy are reviewed in the paper.     

用RT-PCR技术研究水稻中抗病基因同源序列DFR-1、OsMlo-1所在基因的功能

DFR-1、OsMlo-1分别是最近从水稻中克隆的玉米Hml和大麦中Mlo抗病基因同源序列，这两个序列与两个已报道的水稻抗稻瘟病数量性状位点（QTLs）有较好的对应关系，表明它们所在的基因可能参与抗病反应，为了进一步研究水稻DFR-1、OsMlo-1所在基因的功能，在DFR-1、OsMlo-1假定的外显子上设计引物，通过RT-PCR技术，研究在接种白叶枯病（Xanthomanas oryza pv oryzae）菌株PX099以及接种稻瘟病（Magnoparthe grisea）菌株V86013前后，水稻品种IRBB13和水稻品种明恢63中DFR-1、OsMlo-1所在基因的表达．结果表明：在接种白叶枯病菌株PX099的水稻品种IRBBl3中与DFR-1对应的基因是诱导增强的；在接种稻瘟病菌株V86013的水稻品种明恢63中与DFR-1、OsMlo-1对应的基因是诱导增强的，进一步表明DFR-1、OsMlo-1所在的基因可能参与水稻抗病反应。     

Widespread distribution and fitness contribution of Xanthomonas campestris avirulence gene avrBs2

Disease-resistance genes introduced into cultivated plants are often rendered ineffective by the ability of pathogen populations to overcome host resistance. The bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pathovar vesicatoria causes bacterial spot disease of tomato and pepper, and this pathogen has been shown to overcome disease resistance in pepper (Capsicum annuum) by evading the recognition and defence response of the host plant. Numerous resistance genes to bacterial spot have been identified in pepper and its wild relatives, each providing resistance to specific races of X.c. vesicatoria. The resistance gene Bs1, for example, provides resistance to X.c. vesicatoria strains expressing the avirulence gene avrBs1; Bs2 provides resistance to stains expressing avrBs2 and so on. We now report that avr Bs2 is highly conserved among strains of X.c. vesicatoria, and among many other pathovars of X. campestris. Furthermore, we find that avrBs2 is in fact needed for full virulence of the pathogen on susceptible hosts. This implies that plants carrying Bs2 can recognize an essential gene of the bacterial pathogen, which may explain why Bs2 confers the only effective field resistance to X.c. vesicatoria in pepper.     

利用重组自交系群体进行抗玉米矮花叶病研究

玉米矮花叶病在世界范围内广泛分布，且危害十分严重．因此正确认识玉米（Zea mays L．）对矮花叶病的抗性机制非常必要．基于此，本研究利用遗传差异较大的Mo17（高感玉米矮花叶病）和黄早四（高抗玉米矮花叶病）为亲本采用一粒传法构建了F9代重组自交系（Recombinant inbred line，RIL）分离群体，共256系．通过人工接甘蔗花叶病毒MDB株系（Sugarcane mosaic virus strain MDB, SCMV-MDB）对该分离群体进行了抗病性分析，统计了发病率和病情指数两项指标，根据这两项指标的频数分布图可知：玉米对矮花叶病的抗性主要由主基因控制，但不能排除还有微效基因的可能性．     

植物抗病基因克隆的研究进展

植物抗病基因的分子生物学研究已成为一个热点，抗病基因克隆研究突飞猛进的发展展示了诱人的应用前景。分别从功能克隆、定位克隆、序列克隆和表型克隆4个方面分析讨论了植物抗病基因克隆的研究进展，指出了存在的问题及今后可能解决的策略。     

一株生防烟管菌几丁质酶表达及抗真菌活性

为了探究烟管菌BK-1的生物防治潜力,本研究测试了一株具有生防菌活性的烟管菌BK-1的抗病效果,并使用RT-qPCR分析了该菌株的8个细胞壁裂解酶基因在与不同病原真菌对峙培养中的表达水平,结果表明,在应对链格孢、茄链格孢、尖孢镰刀菌和灰葡萄孢这4种病原真菌时,几丁质酶基因BaCHIB表达上调了27.3至50.3倍,远高于其他7个基因.BaCHIB属于糖苷水解酶18家族(GH 18),并具有Chic_BD结构域,属于B类几丁质酶(CHIB).结合基因表达谱分析,该基因诱导表达上调情况的出现与抗病效果的出现高度同步.外源表达蛋白BaCHIB显示出较高的几丁质酶活性,且表现出对多种植物病原真菌,包括链格孢,链格孢和灰葡萄孢显著的抗真菌活性,显示其对部分病原真菌具有拮抗能力.     

Analysis of porcine MHC expression profile

The porcine major histocompatibility complex (MHC, also named swine leukocyte antigen, SLA) is associated not only with immune responsibility and disease susceptibility, but also with some reproductive and productive traits such as growth rate and carcass composition. As yet systematical research on SLA expression profile is not reported. In order to illustrate SLA expression comprehensively and deepen our understanding of its function, we outlined the expression profile of SLA in 51 tissues of Landrace by analyzing a large amount of ESTs produced by ““Sino-Danish Porcine Genome Project““. In addition, we also compared the expression profile of SLA in several tissues from different development stages and from another breed (Erhualian). The result shows: (i) classical SLA genes are highly expressed in immune tissues and middle part of intestine; (ii) although SLA-3 is an SLA la gene, its expression abundance and pattern are quite different from those of the other two SLA la genes. The same phenomenon is seen in HLA-C expression, suggesting that the two genes may function similarly and undergo convergent evolution; (iii) except in jejunum, the antigen presenting genes are more highly expressed in breed Erhualian than in Landrace. The difference might associate with the higher resistance to bad conditions (including pathogens) of Erhualian and higher growth rates of Landrace.