Sterilization of solanaceous hadda,Epilachna vigintioctopunctata F. by irradiating pupae using gamma radiation

Summary Sterility in males and females was observed in the resulting adults when 3–4-day-old pupae of solanaceous hadda,Epilachna vigintioctopunctata F. were exposed to gamma radiation doses of 2000 rad and 2500 rad. However, at 2500 rad longevity of treated insects was adversely affected.Acknowledgment. Financial help to one of us (J.K.G.) by C.S.I.R. in the form of J.R.F. is gratefully acknowledged. Authors are thankful to Prof. P.N. Srivastava and Dr A.R. Rao, School of Life Sciences, J.N.U. Delhi for providing radiation facility.     

Genetic characterization of the new morphological and UV-sensitive mutants in Coprinus cinereus. I. A UV-sensitive mutation rad 1 associated with elevated frequencies of mitotic and meiotic recombination

Studies on the effect of an UV-sensitive mutation, rad 1, in meiotic and mitotic recombination in Coprinus indicated that, in homozygous condition, rad 1 increased the spontaneous meiotic recombination by 50% and UV-induced mitotic intergenic recombination by about 5-fold. The homozygous rad 1 diploid was shown to be much more sensitive to the recombinogenic effects of polyfunctional than than of mono- or non-functional alkylating agents.     

X-irradiation of mice in early fetal period influences dose-dependently sex ratio of offspring until weaning.

Fractionated X-irradiation of mouse fetuses on gestation days 11-13 resulted in a significantly increased postnatal mortality of female litters. This occurred only at 3 x 110 rad, which was the threshold for the formation of typical neuroepithelial, rosette-like malformations.     

DNA-repair in mammary tumor cell lines with different X-ray sensitivities.

2 murine mammary tumor cell lines with different radiosensitivities (D0 = 65 and 92 rad) showed no significant differences in levels of unscheduled DNA-synthesis following X-ray or UV-exposure.     

Cellular damage and recovery of the early developing mouse eye following low dose irradiation. I. X-rays on day 8 of gestation

Summary The eye region of mouse embryos, irradiated with 90 rad X-rays on day 8 of gestation, was examined 24 h later for cellular damage. Besides the overall developmental retardation, the radiation insult decreased the proliferation rate and altered the mitotic phase ratio. Due to the limited extension of necrotic zones, a reduced number of dead cells was found in the irradiated optic vesicles.Supported by the Swiss National Foundation for Scientific Research. The technical assistance of Mrs E. Frei is gratefully acknowledged.     

Host immune rejection of TA3 ascites carcinoma cells following administration of a water soluble carbodiimide.

Regression of TA3 ascites carcinoma tumors occurred following i.p. injection of 1-ethyl-3-(3'-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide-HC1. An immunological mechanism of drug action was indicated by the fact that no significant antitumor activity was demonstrable in mice that had previously received an immunosuppressive 700 rad dose of 60Co radiation.     

Influence of sex on radioinduced changes in longevity: comparative sensitivity of 2 strains of Drosophila melanogaster]

Two strains of Drosophila were irradiated with 25 to 75 Krads of 60Co gamma rays at a dose rate of 1 000 rad/mm, on the fourth day of imaginal life. A radiosensitivity difference between the strains was observed. However, the influence of sex was similar in the two strains, the females being more sensitive than the males.     

Survival and endogenous spleen colonies of irradiated mice after skin wounding and hydroxyurea treatment

Summary Wound trauma-induced survival from radiation may be related to increased mitosis in hematopoietic cells. This is supported by the cell cycle-dependent drug hydroxyurea, which 1. blocked survival of wounded mice injected 2 or 3 days after 900 rad and 2. reduced the number of endogenous CFU-s in wounded mice injected shortly before 700 rad.Supported by the Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Defense Nuclear Agency, under Research Work Unit MJ00018. Views presented in this paper are those of the authors; no endorsement by the Defense Nuclear Agency has been given or should be inferred.Research was conducted according to the principles enunciated in the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals prepared by the Institute of Laboratory Research, National Research Council.     

X-irradiation of mice in early fetal period influences dose-dependently sex ratio of offspring until weaning

Summary Fractionated X-irradiation of mouse fetuses on gestation days 11–13 resulted in a significantly increased postnatal mortality of female litters. This occurred only at 3×110 rad, which was the threshold for the formation of typical neuroepithelial, rosette-like malformations.We are greatly indebted for the technical assistance of Miss C. Gutmann, Mrs I. Hempfling and Mrs K. Pfaff.     

Effects of pre- and post-irradiation glucan treatment on pluripotent stem cells,granulocyte, macrophage and erythroid progenitor cells,and hemopoietic stromal cells

Summary Glucan, a beta-1, 3 polyglucose, was administered to mice either 1 h before or 1 h after a 650 rad exposure to cobalt-60 radiation. Compared to radiation controls, glucan-treated mice consistantly exhibited a more rapid recovery of pluripotent stem cells and committed granulocyte, macrophage, and erythroid progenitor cells. This may partially explain the mechanism by which glucan also enhances survival in otherwise lethally irradiated mice.     

Changes induced by manganese in fish testis

Summary Exposure ofColisa fasciatus, a freshwater teleost, to 2500 mg/l manganese sulphate for 90 h caused decreased spermatogenic activity and hemorrhage in the testes.     

Dose relationships of morning bright white light in seasonal affective disorders (SAD)

Bright white full spectrum light (greater than 2500 lux) can improve depressive symptomatology in a selected group of patients with recurrent autumn and winter depression. This crossover study demonstrates that 0.5-h morning white light is not an effective treatment, whereas 2-h is.     

Dose relationships of morning bright white light in seasonal affective disorders (SAD)

Summary Bright white full spectrum light (>2500 lux) can improve depressive symptomatology in a selected group of patients with recurrent autumn and winter depression. This crossover study demonstrates that 0.5-h morning white light is not an effective treatment, whereas 2-h is.     

XY females caused by X-irradiation

Zusammenfassung BeiP. maculatus werdenXY-Embryonen durch Röntgenstrahlenbehandlung (1000 bis 2500 R) physiologisch zu normalen Weibchen umdeterminiert.     

Reproductive consequences of mega vitamin E supplements in female rats

Summary Female rats fed 0, 25, 2500 and 10,000 IU vitamin E/kg diet for 3 months were examined for reproductive performance. On 10,000 IU vitamin E/kg diet, the fertility of inseminated rats was significantly reduced as compared to rats given normal or nutritional levels of vitamin E.This work was supported by research grants from the National Research Council of Canada and the Research Committee of The University of British Columbia. We thank Mrs Virginia Green for her help in statistical analysis. Reprint requests should be addressed to Dr I. D. Desai, Professor of Nutrition.     

基于可见/近红外光谱的土壤有机质含量预测

应用可见/近红外光谱技术对土壤有机质含量进行了定量分析和预测,为土壤肥力快速测定和评价提供依据.利用ASD FieldSpec 3 Hi-Res光谱仪对116份不同有机质含量的土壤样本进行光谱测量,系统分析了土壤有机质含量与350～2500 nm波段范围光谱反射率之间的关系.利用PLS和小波-BP神经网络对350～2500 nm整个波段范围和剔除水波段的光谱数据进行分析.两种建模方法的结果均表明剔除水波段的预测效果较好,其中,PLS模型预测的相关系数R为0.8416,均方根误差RMSEP为0.2848,相对分析误差RPD为1.7768,WT-BP神经网络模型预测的R为0.9167,RMSEP为0.2196,RPD为2.3043.预测结果表明,PLS模型可以对土壤有机质含量进行粗略估测,而BP神经网络可实现较精确的预测.     

Organotypical culture of irradiated and non-irradiated chick mesonephros

Zusammenfassung Es wurden Hühnchen-Embryonen mit Einzeldosen von 500, 1000 und 2000 rad in vitro bestrahlt und die Kulturen nachher inkubiert. Nur bei den nicht bestrahlten Kulturen kam es zur Proliferation des interstiziellen Gewebes und zur Vermehrung der argentophilen Fasern. Schädigungen an Tubuli und Glomeruli bei den bestrahlten Kulturen erwiesen sich als strahlendosisabhängig.     

Host immune rejection of TA3 ascites carcinoma cells following administration of a water soluble carbodiimide

Summary Regression of TA3 ascites carcinoma tumors occurred following i.p. injection of 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide\HCl. An immunological mechanism of drug action was indicated by the fact that no significant antitumor activity was demonstrable in mice that had previously received an immunosuppressive 700 rad dose of⁶⁰Co radiation.Research support received from United States Atomic Energy Commission Contract No. W-7405-eng-48 with the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory.     

Schneefall und Lufttemperatur

Summary The meteorological observations obtained at the Säntis (2500 m) show a frequency-distribution of the air-temperature during snowfall with a clear maximum near –11°C. This was already pointed by the author with the data recorded at the Weissfluhjoch (2700 m) and was also proved by the observations made at the top of other high mountains.The results has therefore a general validity and indicates that the formation of snowflakes (i.e. of precipitations) is chiefly controlled by the occurrence of an air-temperature near –11°C in (supercooled) clouds.     

Sterilization by irradiation of Cadra coutella (Wlk.) (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) males increased by female sex pheromone

Sterilization by irradiation was studied in 0-24 hour old males of Cadra cautella (Ephestia cautella) exposed to 40 Krad of gamma radiation from a 60 cobalt source at a rate of 2250-2200 rad/minute in the presence of female sex pheromone. This radiation dose failed to induce the desired degree of sterility in the absence of pheromone. Pheromone was extraced from the virgin females and applied to filter paper at doses of .1, .5, and 1 female equivalent which was then introduced into containers containing 15-18 males 3 minutes prior to irradiation. Excitation and increased activity of the insects was observed when compared to the controls without the pheromone. The proportion of low percentage hatch increased with increased pheromone presence. The difference between absence and presence of pheromone was marked. It is concluded that these results are evidence of the value of this approach of preconditioning to irradiation when induction of sterility is the objective.