用于锂离子电池热安全保护的正温度系数材料

研制了一种新型的正温度系数(PTC)材料取代锂离子电池用导电剂,利用其高温下的金属-绝缘体相变导致的电导率变化对锂离子电池进行高温保护.通过对比,研究了高温下常规锂离子电池和加入PTC材料的锂离子电池的抗高温性能以及PTC材料在电池中的电阻温度变化效应.结果表明,温度高于80 ℃时该PTC材料在电池中的PTC效应非常显著,有效地改善了锂离子电池的热安全性.     

废旧锂离子电池中钴的酸浸出最佳条件探讨

[摘要]钴作为废旧锂离子电池中高价值、重污染的金属成分,其回收非常重要．运用正交实验方法,以盐酸溶液为浸出液,分离回收废旧锂离子电池正极材料中的金属钴．实验设计冷凝回流装置,通过优化因素水平以使钴离子的浸出率达到最大化．研究结果表明,从电池中提取的黑色混合粉末（包括钴酸锂、乙炔黑）中浸出钴离子的最佳条件：盐酸质量浓度为4mol·L^-1,浸出温度为80℃,固液比（混合粉末的质量与盐酸体积之比）为5g·L^-1,浸出时间为2h．在此条件下,钴离子的浸出率达到99．6％．     

热处理对锂离子电池热安全特性的影响

为了研究锂离子电池在遭受不同温度的外部刺激后其行为的差异性,实验对同一荷电状态的锂离子电池进行了不同温度的热处理,并考察了其被热处理后的热失控行为。研究通过分析锂离子电池热失控时间、热失控温度以及热失控时的电压变化,考察了不同热处理温度对同一荷电状态下的锂离子电池热失控特性的影响。研究表明,不同热处理温度对同一荷电状态下的锂离子电池的热失控最高温度及热失控时的电压变化有明显影响。热处理至80℃的锂离子电池热失控时的最高温度高于热处理至60℃及100℃时的锂离子电池。100℃热处理过的锂离子电池热失控时电压最先下降,80℃及60℃热处理过的锂离子紧随其后。实验结果可为高温环境中锂离子电池的安全应用提供理论参考。     

钴酸锂电池低温特性和针刺安全性能研究

以低温下工作的钴酸锂（LCO）电池为研究对象,通过实验研究其在低温下的特性和热失控温度变化情况。首先,通过不同温度下的容量测试,对比了-30℃时三元锂离子电池与LCO电池的容量保持率,结果表明,LCO电池在-30℃低温放电容量保持率几乎达到三元锂离子电池的2倍;其次,利用混合功率脉冲特性测试得到了不同温度下电池的内阻;接着,对低温下LCO电池电化学阻抗进行测试,结果表明,-10,-20,-30℃时的电荷转移阻抗较0℃时分别增加了180%,702%,2 400%;最后,对LCO进行针刺热失控实验,结果表明,钢针刺破电池背面后,电池表面最高温度不超过530℃,伴有少量火星,很快产生大量烟雾,并没有发生着火的现象。     

首科集团营造良好孵化环境 促进锂离子电池正极材料钴酸锂产业发展

在家电产业和信息产业快速发展的带动下,我国已成为世界第二大锂离子电池生产国。专家预测,锂离子电池正极材料在我国蕴藏巨大的市场潜力。锂离子电池是第三代二次可充电绿色环保电池,广泛应用于小型便携式电器电源,如移动电话、笔记本电脑、照相机以及电动自行车、摩托车的电源。锂离子电池由正极、负极和电解液三部分组成。正极材料是直接影响锂离子电池整体性能的核心因素,主要包括钴酸锂、锰酸锂、镍酸锂等。专家预计,钴酸锂将是未来5年锂离子电池最主要、使用最广泛的正极材料。     

首科集团营造良好孵化环境 促进锂离子电池正极材料钴酸锂产业发展

在家电产业和信息产业快速发展的带动下，我国已成为世界第二大锂离子电池生产国。专家预测，锂离子电池正极材料在我国蕴藏巨大的市场潜力。锂离子电池是第三代二次可充电绿色环保电池，广泛应用于小型便携式电器电源，如移动电话、笔记本电脑、照相机以及电动自行车、摩托车的电源。锂离子电池由正极、负极和电解液三部分组成。正极材料是直接影响锂离子电池整体性能的核心因素，主要包括钴酸锂、锰酸锂、镍酸锂等。专家预计，钴酸锂将是未来5年锂离子电池最主要、使用最广泛的正极材料。     

基于植酸钠热分解制备新能源电池碳基负极材料

通过控制温度在750℃和950℃煅烧植酸钠,制备两种结构和性质不同的碳材料作为锂离子电池和钠离子电池的负极材料.通过对两种材料在负极材料应用中的性能对比,判断材料的适用对象.结果表明,750℃下的碳材料作为锂离子电池负极时的性能更好,而950℃下的碳材料则更适合作为钠离子电池负极材料,展现了植酸钠制备的碳材料具有作为锂离子电池和钠离子电池双功能负极材料的潜力.     

废弃手机锂离子电池机械破碎的基础研究

对废弃手机锂离子电池的结构特点进行分析,并研究其抗压、抗拉、抗弯、抗剪、抗冲击破碎力学性能。选择以水为介质的湿法冲击式破碎机对其进行破碎研究。研究结果表明:废弃手机锂离子电池各组分的结合方式易于破碎解离,属韧而软的塑性材料;弯力、剪切力、冲击力有利于实现锂离子电池的破碎;钴酸锂、碳素材料主要富集在粒度低于0.250 mm的破碎产物中,而塑料外壳、隔离膜、铜箔、铝箔等物质主要富集在粒度高于0.250 mm的破碎产物中;钴酸锂在粒度为0.075~0.125 mm的破碎产物中富集,其Co质量分数为36.58%;碳素材料在粒度为0.125~0.250 mm和低于0.075 mm这2种破碎产物中富集,其质量分数分别为73.39%和72.65%;湿法冲击破碎可以有效实现废弃手机锂离子电池的选择性破碎。     

锂离子电池热失控特性及电池火抑制过程

为了研究大容量锂离子电池不同种类的热失控特性以及水喷雾对电池火的抑制效果,选用75 A·h锂离子动力电池为研究对象,通过底部电热炉加热诱导电池发生失控反应,并使用水喷雾研究其对电池火焰的抑制过程.结果 表明:在底部功率2 kW且温度为500℃下,锂离子电池平均经过4800s加热后发生热失控现象,热失控共分为五个阶段:受热膨胀、大量烟气释放、形成喷射火、稳定燃烧、自然熄灭.电池表面热失控触发温度为144℃,热失控过程中表面和内部温度最高可达536.8℃和910.1℃,并出现了电压回升现象;水喷雾无法阻止内部反应的进行,可能出现喷射火或复燃现象,在水喷雾的持续作用下能够有效熄灭锂离子电池火焰.研究结果可为锂离子动力电池检测系统和灭火规范提供数据支撑.     

LiCoO2的化学分解浸取过程

废旧锂离子电池中钴的含量较高．钴具有较强的毒性,且资源稀少．为此,研究了废旧锂离子电池的湿法回收工艺过程,并分析了废旧锂离子电池中钴和锂在硫酸溶液中的漫取过程动力学．采用了解体电池塑料外壳、钢壳、正负极材料、N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)分离铝箔与正极活性材料以及硫酸浸取钴与锂的回收工艺．结果表明,铝片的回收率接近100％,钴和锂的浸取率均超过99．6％,同时分析了漫取过程中的工艺参数对钴和锂的漫取率的影响．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that