添加剂对全钒液流电池电解液的影响

采用化学还原法由V2O5制备了V(Ⅳ)、V(Ⅲ)离子硫酸溶液,结合原子发射光谱法测定了多种添加剂对钒离子浓度的影响,并采用循环伏安法研究了添加剂加入后电解液在铂电极上的电化学行为.结果表明,多种添加剂加入后电解液中钒离子浓度有所增加,但对钒离子硫酸溶液的电化学可逆性以及溶液电导率基本没有影响.     

三乙醇胺对全钒液流电池正极电解液的影响

通过热稳定性考察、紫外-可见吸收光谱、循环伏安和充放电测试,研究了三乙醇胺作为全钒液流电池正极电解液添加剂对电化学活性和5价钒电解液热稳定性的影响.实验结果表明,三乙醇胺对电解液的热稳定性有较大的提高,5价钒离子浓度在50℃下保存12h后仍有1.08mol/L,高于空白电解液的0.16mol/L.由可紫外-可见吸收光谱可知,三乙醇胺的加入没有改变钒的成键方式.同时,三乙醇胺对正极电解液的电化学活性和可逆性也有提高,有更高的峰电流和更小的峰电位差,组装的电池前30个循环平均能量效率可达80.4%,高于空白电池的1.4%.     

钒电池电解液伏安行为研究

用电化学法研究了钒离子浓度、支持电解液硫酸浓度、扫描速度以及加入如EDTA等添加剂后在石墨电极上的循环伏安行为,探讨了不同温度热处理石墨电极下的循环伏安行为,以及重铬酸钾活化处理与不进行任何处理的石墨电极的可逆性。结果表明:出现了V(IV)/V(V)电对的氧化和还原峰,而且扫描速度和支持电解液硫酸浓度的增大都使峰值电流增大,但钒离子浓度的增大反而使峰值电流减小,而加入添加剂对峰值几乎没有影响;热处理对石墨电极表面的活性有所提高,活化处理对V(IV)/V(V)电对的氧化和还原可逆性没有明显的提高,但对于V(Ⅲ)/V(Ⅱ)电对的可逆性有显著的增强。     

锂离子电池和双电层电容器用LiODFB-TEABF4复合盐电解液的研究

探讨在EC+PC+DMC复合溶剂体系中LiODFB-TEABF4复合盐电解液与LiFePO4锂离子电池及AC双电层电容器的相容性规律.研究结果表明:在LiODFB基电解液中加入TEABF4能显著提高电解液的电导率;对于LiFePO4电池体系,电解液中的TEABF4参与了SEI膜的成膜过程,但TEABF4浓度过高不利于电极材料的容量的提高;对于AC电容器体系,加入TEABF4可以有效改善电容器的双电层储能行为,同时显著提高电容,当TEABF4浓度为0.3 mol/L时,电容达到最大,比不添加TEABF4的纯LiODFB盐电解液的电容大.     

锡酸钠添加剂改善镁合金腐蚀及放电性能的研究

采用电化学方法探究了不同浓度锡酸钠添加剂对AZ31B镁合金在MgSO4-Mg(NO3)2(0.14 mol/L MgSO4,1.86 mol/L Mg(NO3)2)电解液中的腐蚀以及电化学放电行为的影响.结果表明,镁合金在含有1 mmol/L锡酸钠添加剂的溶液中具有最大的极化电阻值、最短的滞后时间和最低的电压降.采用电...     

水热条件下甲酸还原V2O5制备钒电解液

以V2O5和甲酸为原料,在室温下、水体系中反应制得钒电解液,并以键价理论为基础,对其反应机理进行探讨.采用UV光谱和拉曼光谱对所制备的电解液的价态和浓度以及成键状态进行表征,利用循环伏安对其电化学性能进行测试分析.结果表明,甲酸可以和V2O5以1∶1的物质的量比进行氧化还原反应生成V(Ⅳ)电解液;硫酸会和钒离子形成配合物,提高电解液的稳定性和电化学可逆性;残留的甲酸有利于提高电解液的电导.     

液流电池电解质的溶液化学研究最终报告

针对高稳定性、高活性全钒液流电池电解液以及高能量密度单液流电池沉积型电对及固体电极电化学性能与电解质溶液之间构效关系、高稳定性浓电解质溶液化学理论及作用机制等关键科学问题,以具备较大应用潜力的全钒双液流以及锌/镍、全铅单液流电池体系电解质的溶液化学为研究重点,通过电化学测试与材料物性表征相结合,深入研究了电解质溶液对全钒双液流以及碱性沉积型锌负极和电池性能的影响,阐明了电解液流速、锌沉积面容量和电流密度的关联;考察了不同种类的无机、有机添加剂以及添加剂中的官能团对电解液的热稳定性以及电化学活性的影响,深入研究了电解液溶液及添加剂对固体氧化镍正极活性和稳定性的影响,探讨了电解液添加剂与锌负极和氧化镍正极的相容性;研究了全铅单液流电池电解质溶液的物化性质,探明电解液组成对电极性能的影响规律;研究了电解液添加剂对全铅单液流电池电极性能的影响及其作用机制;考察了支持电解质对电解液的热力学稳定性、电化学活性以及循环稳定性等的影响,优化了电解液的组成,提高了电池充放电的能量效率和循环稳定性。重要的创新点包括以下方面:(1)确定了对于全钒液流电池电解液的热稳定性和电化学性能具有积极作用的添加剂结构和支持电解质组成;(2)阐明全铅单液流电池电解液中铅活性离子对电极性能的影响规律,优化了铅离子浓度;(3)提出电解液中添加电解PbO_2,降低沉积型PbO_2电极极化,抑制铅累积和枝晶的新方法,获得了高活性、高沉积均匀性Pb负极和PbO_2正极。     

硫酸介质中Pt电极上3-乙氧基-4-羟基苯乙醇酸的电氧化

采用循环伏安曲线法和极化曲线法研究了硫酸介质中的3-乙氧基-4-羟基苯乙醇酸(EHMA)在Pt电极上的电化学氧化过程.循环伏安曲线表明,EHMA的电化学氧化是完全不可逆的,在1.35V(vs.SCE)处出现氧化电流峰;结合线性拟合方法表明,氧化峰电流与EHMA浓度在0.01~0.5mol/L范围内、与硫酸浓度在0~0.25mol/L范围内、与扫描速度平方根在0.05~2V/s范围内呈良好的线性关系;硫酸介质中的EHMA在铂电极上的电氧化过程是由扩散步骤控制的.极化曲线表明,EHMA的电化学氧化反应为表观一级反应;在电极电势为1.2V和1.3V时,表观活化能分别为61.799kJ/mol和52.780kJ/mol;在温度35~50℃范围内,交换电流密度为1.20~2.04×10-6 A/cm2.     

Zn~(2+)对电化学合成聚苯胺膜的影响

应用循环伏安法和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究了ZnSO4 对电化学合成聚苯胺(PAN)的影响.结果表明,在含0.1 mol/L苯胺的1.0 mol/L硫酸溶液中加入 0.1~1.0 mol/L的 ZnSO4,能提高 PAN膜的电沉积速度;Zn2+还能使电聚合的PAN膜在1.0 mol/L H2SO4 溶液中的电化学降解速度降低,并导致PAN膜的表面呈现多孔状的形貌.     

丙烯酸-马来酸酐共聚物络合超滤分离水溶液中Pb2+和Zn2+的实验研究

采用丙烯酸-马来酸酐共聚物(PMA)为络合剂, 研究络合超滤技术对水溶液中Pb²⁺和Zn²⁺的分离效果、竞争络合效应以及外加盐对分离效果的影响。以两种金属离子截留率之差表示分离率, 以单一金属离子溶液中离子截留率与混合溶液中该离子的截留率之差表示金属离子间的竞争强度。结果表明: 随着PMA浓度增加, 两种金属离子的分离率先增大后减小, 当PMA浓度为200 mg/L时, 分离率达到最大值, 为54.47%。pH从2增加到6时, 分离率先增大后减小, 且在H=4时达到最大, 为71.34%。两种金属离子的竞争效应随pH及PMA浓度的增加先增强后减弱, 在pH=5, PMA浓度为200 mg/L时, 混合溶液中两种离子竞争效应最强。外加Na₂SO₄对分离率有较大影响, 随着 n(Na₂SO₄)增大分离率增加, 随后基本保持不变, 在n(Na₂SO₄)=0.06 mol/L时, 分离率达到最大值, 为97.677%。加入Na₂SO₄减弱了Zn²⁺的竞争络合能力, 有利于两种金属离子的分离。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the