不同林冠环境下箭竹对亮叶水青冈幼苗更新生长的影响

采用样方法调查研究了贵州省宽阔水国家级自然保护区林外、林缘、林内等不同林冠环境下的亮叶水青冈(Fagus lucida)幼苗数量、生长性状、箭竹种群数量、物种多样性等指标,并对上述指标进行Pearson相关性分析。结果表明:林缘物种多样性最高,然后依次为林内、林外;从林外到林内,亮叶水青冈幼苗密度、平均高度和平均基径逐渐递减,亮叶水青冈幼苗更多分布在林外和林缘环境,林内环境没有亮叶水青冈幼苗分布;箭竹密度、箭竹平均高度、箭竹平均基径和箭竹平均冠幅从林外到林内逐渐递增;亮叶水青冈幼苗与箭竹生长性状指标负相关。研究表明,宽阔水自然保护区亮叶水青冈幼苗生长维持与更新受到林冠环境和箭竹种群干扰两方面因素的影响。     

不同林冠环境下箭竹对亮叶水青冈幼苗更新生长的影响

采用样方法调查研究了贵州省宽阔水国家级自然保护区林外、林缘、林内等不同林冠环境下的亮叶水青冈(Fagus lucida)幼苗数量、生长性状、箭竹种群数量、物种多样性等指标,并对上述指标进行Pearson相关性分析。结果表明:林缘物种多样性最高,然后依次为林内、林外;从林外到林内,亮叶水青冈幼苗密度、平均高度和平均基径逐渐递减,亮叶水青冈幼苗更多分布在林外和林缘环境,林内环境没有亮叶水青冈幼苗分布;箭竹密度、箭竹平均高度、箭竹平均基径和箭竹平均冠幅从林外到林内逐渐递增;亮叶水青冈幼苗与箭竹生长性状指标负相关。研究表明,宽阔水自然保护区亮叶水青冈幼苗生长维持与更新受到林冠环境和箭竹种群干扰两方面因素的影响。
     

九寨沟自然保护区华西箭竹生长研究

在九寨沟国家级自然保护区6类森林群落中设置样方对华西箭竹(Fargesia nitida)种群进行了取样,对2002年和2007年同一群落中华西箭竹的种群密度、平均高度和平均生物量的差异进行了统计检验.发现5年中,青杄林群落中箭竹平均高度增加,巴山冷杉林群落中箭竹平均生物量增加,白桦林群落中箭竹种群密度下降,而油松-红桦林、铁杉-糙皮桦林和红桦林群落内华西箭竹的种群密度、平均高度和平均生物量没有显著变化.这些结果说明九寨沟自然保护区内华西箭竹种群生长基本处于停滞状态.华西箭竹具有一个下降种群的年龄结构,使得上世纪80年代开花后种群恢复很差.分析了光照、湿度等因素对华西箭竹种群生长可能有重要影响,它们之间因果关系的证实,需要控制光照或湿度进行生态学试验.     

四川王朗自然保护区大熊猫主食竹天然更新

运用最优梯度搜索参数估值的非线性回归方法,建立了森林群落冠层郁闭度与缺苞箭竹(Fargesia denndata)天然更新苗丛数(每4m~2)的正态函数关系 y=ae~(-b(x-c)~2).结果表明:在不同的森林群落之间,箭竹天然更新的适宜性存在很大差异;同一群落内箭竹天然更新主要受冠层郁闭度和层片结构的影响.     

大熊猫栖息地林冠间隙中竹子与乔木的更新

１９９０￣１９９２年对大熊猫生产主产区卧龙和王郎自然保护区亚高山针叶林林冠间隙中竹子与乔木幼苗更新动态演替作了研究。（１）冷箭竹和缺苞箭竹生长周期为４５￣５５、５０￣６０年一次性开花结实后枯死。由种子萌发到成竹正常生理秆高约需１８年。（２）乔木幼苗由于竹子密度大而受到制约，生长发育缓慢；当竹子周期性开花结实枯死后，从种子萌发至长为成竹阶段由于乔木幼苗能够获得充分的阳光、水分和养料，生长发育最佳。因     

基于Gash修正模型的元宝槭林分结构对降雨分配的影响

林冠截留是森林生态系统降雨分配的起始点,准确模拟林冠截留是探究森林水文过程的基础。为了研究林分结构中林分密度对林冠截留的影响规律及Gash修正模型的适应性,以北京市八达岭森林公园2种林分密度的元宝槭纯林为研究对象,对其林冠截留过程进行了模拟分析,并针对元宝槭林分结构特征探讨了Gash修正模型的适应性。研究结果表明:(1) 2013年生长季内,元宝槭密林(3 665株/km~2)穿透降雨量、树干茎流量和林冠截留量实测值分别为365.50、38.19、69.82 mm,模拟值分别为386.45、33.86、53.21 mm,相对误差分别为5.73%、4.33%和23.80%;元宝槭疏林(1 090株/km~2)的穿透降雨量、树干茎流量和林冠截留量实测值分别为380.20、19.04、74.25 mm,模拟值分别为368.37、13.71、91.43 mm,相对误差分别为3.12%、27.99%和23.13%。疏林条件下,更多的降雨穿透林冠,进入了森林生态系统的下一水文效应层,Gash修正模型的模拟结果亦呈现基本一致的特征,模型对元宝槭林的模拟精度基本可以满足需要。(2)对Gash修正模型中的平均降雨强度(R)、树干茎流系数(Pt)、饱和林冠持水能力(S)、郁闭度(c)、饱和树干持水能力(St)、平均饱和林冠蒸发速率(E)共6个关键参数的进行敏感性分析,各参数对元宝槭密林林冠截留量模拟的影响程度大小依次为RSEStcPt,对于元宝槭疏林的影响程度大小依次为SREcStPt。通过分析可以得出,选择适宜的时间尺度计算平均降雨强度和饱和林冠持水能力,是提升Gash修正模型模拟精度的关键,适当疏伐可以为林分的生长提供更好的水分条件。     

不同海拔下克隆整合对糙花箭竹种群补偿更新能力的影响

为了探究海拔梯度对糙花箭竹克隆整合强度的影响,本文研究了两种不同海拔(1 632m和2 312m)下,克隆整合对糙花箭竹(Fargesia scabrida Yi)种群更新的影响.试验设置了不剪除和剪除25%、50%、75%四种模拟采食强度,并分别进行切断或不切断处理,从种群尺度上针对其克隆整合特性进行了研究.试验结果表明,随着海拔的变化,克隆整合、采食强度及其交互作用对糙花箭竹种群更新的影响程度也会随之变化:在低海拔样方内,克隆整合不仅显著地增加了不剪除处理、剪除50%处理和剪除75%处理样方内的平均生物量,同时也显著地增加了剪除25%样方内的补充率.在高海拔的样方内,克隆整合仅仅显著地增加了不剪除处理、剪除50%处理样方内的平均生物量,然而对该海拔下糙花箭竹的补充率并没有显著的提升.因此,克隆整合有助于克隆植物有效地利用异质性分布的资源以实现种群扩展、开拓新的生境,增加了其对环境生态的适应性.     

北京东灵山地区鸟类群落与栖息环境的关系研究

于1999-03—2001-06对北京东灵山地区鸟类群落进行了研究，共发现鸟类84种，依据营巢位置和取食部位的不同可以划分为6个集团．对鸟类种群密度、集团丰富度、物种多样性等群落指标与植被结构关系的研究发现，地面取食集团的物种数、种群密度与灌木丛的高度和盖度成正比．影响鸟类密度的栖息地参数对于不同物种存在较大差别．对地面营巢集团鸟类而言，随着灌木高度和盖度的增加，鸟类数量明显上升；而林冠营巢集团鸟类的数量却随着灌木高度和树种多样性的增加而下降．鸟类种群密度和均匀度受到灌丛高度异质性和乔木高度的显著影响，而鸟类群落的物种多样性则与灌木高度异质性以及乔木密度密切相关．     

生境破坏的空间结构对集合种群动态的影响

构建任意生境破坏结构下集合种群动态的元胞自动机模型,研究生境破坏的空间结构对集合种群全局密度及局部密度的影响.该模型不仅包括了生境破坏的空间结构,而且能够描述集合种群的空间分布模式.模型结果表明:生境破坏的空间结构复杂地影响着集合种群的全局密度和局部密度;生境破坏的混合分布增大了集合种群灭绝的风险;生境破坏的聚集分布降低了集合种群灭绝的风险.在生境破坏比例较小或较大时,集合种群全局密度和局部密度随生境破坏比例的增加而加大,随生境破坏聚集度的增加而减小,且生境破坏比例对集合种群动态的影响要大于生境破坏聚集度的影响.但在特定的情况下,即生境破坏比例在55%左右时,生境聚集度的增加可能会使集合种群的全局密度和局部密度都减小.此外,发现集合种群的局部密度存在一个阈值,当集合种群局部密度低于此值时,集合种群将无法续存.这意味着在生物保护中不能仅仅考虑生境的恢复、斑块的质量,还需要考虑生境破坏的空间结构和被保护物种的局部密度.     

金华山树种分布与环境的除趋势典范对应分析

该文应用中点象限法调查了浙江金华山33个样地的24种主要树种的优势度，并计测了样地中林冠郁闭度、土壤p H值、土壤含磷量、土壤含氮量和海拔高度，估测了样地受人为干扰 的强度。应用除趋势典范对应分析，研究了24个树种与7个环境因子间的关系。研究结果表明，人为干扰强度对金华山植被分布的影响最大，其次是海拔高度、土壤含磷量、林冠郁闭度，而土壤含N量和pH值的影响相对较小。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with