具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

Mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al2O3?Na2O system during high-temperature sintering

The mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al₂O₃?Na₂O system during the high-temperature sintering process were systematically investigated using DSC?TG, XRD, SEM?EDS, FTIR, and Raman spectra, and the crystal structure of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was also simulated by Material Studio software. The results indicated that the minerals formed during the sintering process included Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀, CaO·Al₂O₃, and 12CaO·7Al₂O₃, and the content of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ could reach 92wt% when sintered at 1200°C for 30 min. The main formation stage of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ occurred at temperatures from 970 to 1100°C, and the content could reach 82wt% when the reaction temperature increased to 1100°C. The crystal system of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was tetragonal, and the cells preferred to grow along crystal planes (110) and (210). The formation of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was an exothermic reaction that followed a secondary reaction model, and its activation energy was 223.97 kJ/mol.     

含细夹层的分矿充填层中流动特性的可视化

Ore particles, especially fine interlayers, commonly segregate in heap stacking, leading to undesirable flow paths and changeable flow velocity fields of packed beds. Computed tomography (CT), COMSOL Multiphysics, and MATLAB were utilized to quantify pore structures and visualize flow behavior inside packed beds with segregated fine interlayers. The formation of fine interlayers was accompanied with the segregation of particles in packed beds. Fine particles reached the upper position of the packed beds during stacking. CT revealed that the average porosity of fine interlayers (24.21%) was significantly lower than that of the heap packed by coarse ores (37.42%), which directly affected the formation of flow paths. Specifically, the potential flow paths in the internal regions of fine interlayers were undeveloped. Fluid flowed and bypassed the fine interlayers and along the sides of the packed beds. Flow velocity also indicated that the flow paths easily gathered in the pore throat where flow velocity (1.8 × 10?5 m/s) suddenly increased. Fluid stagnant regions with a flow velocity lower than 0.2 × 10?5 m/s appeared in flow paths with a large diameter.     

多维随机变量函数变量变换法的推广

对现行的多维随机变量函数的变量变换法进行了讨论,克服了其要求存在唯一反函数的缺陷。应用密度函数的相关性质等方法,把目前的变量变换法推广到了多值函数的情形,可利用多值函数的一支进行变量变换。扩大了现行变量变换法的应用范围。最后给出了应用。     

K—S函数与模函数法的统一

提出了极小极大（ｍｉｎｉｍａｘ）问题统一解法的变换求和反演表达。论证了Ｋ－Ｓ函数法,广义指数罚函数法的模优化法都可以统一在这一表达这中,并且提出了一种新函数－Ｓ－Ｙ函数。数值结果表明Ｋ－Ｓ函数法,模优化法和Ｓ－Ｙ函数法具有相同的数值规律,其统一解法是合理的。     

基于函数(e~x+1)~t变换的GM(1,1)模型及其在建模中的应用

提出了对原始建模数据进行函数(ex+1)t(t<0)变换,证明了这种变换可以有效地提高建模数据序列的光滑度和所建模型的精度,而且其模型精度优于对数变换所建模型,从而拓宽了灰色模型的应用范围.且用文中方法建立了我国人均发电量的数学模型,实例表明该方法的有效性.     

利用改进的扩展tanh函数方法求解非线性发展方程(组)的行波解

基于一变系数Riccati方程及其解,在内行波变换和指数变换的辅助下,提出改进的扩展tanh函数方法及其算法.该方法对构造非线性发展方程(组)的精确行波解方面比tanh函数方法和各类扩展tanh函数方法更强劲.以Broer-Kaup方程组和近似长水波方程组为举例,得到包括三角周期波解、孤立波解、复杂波解和有理函数解等丰富有趣的行波解.该方法简洁有效,可适合应用于其它非线性发展方程(组).     

非参数的广义转换异方差模型

在风险管理中,费用的平均值E［Y|[WTHX]X[WTBZ]］是一个关键参数.预测平均费用的主要困难在于费用数据是严重偏态且异方差.目前常用的方法有转换模型及广义线性模型方法,这两个方法独立被研究,没有任何交叉,它们部分地克服了数据的偏态性及异方差性质. 本文提出了一个新的非参数模型,它不要求给定转换函数、联系函数、方差函数及误差分布函数. 现有的转换模型及广义线性模型都只是这个模型的特例,该模型可以在一个相当广泛的范围内提供一个最好的选择. 更重要的是本文用一个非常简单的方法估计感兴趣的参数,估计过程中     

具有完全重构二维FIR菱形子带滤波器组的设计

提出了一种具有完全重构的二维零相位有限冲击响应（ＦＩＲ）菱形子带滤波器组的设计方法，该方法采用变量代换并通过调整窗函数的参数和传递函数来改变频率特性、能方便，灵活地控制频率特性，设计实例表明，所设计的滤波器频率特性较好，用设计的滤波器对一真彩色内窥镜图像进行处理，达到了满意的效果。     

标度变换的等价无穷小量应用

在力学中,利用标度变换法求一些对称物体的转动惯量,可以避免计算繁琐的积分.此处给出了利用标度变换法求连续函数极限及等价无穷小量的新方法.利用标度变换法,将连续函数的极限及等价无穷小量的求法约化为初等的代数问题,从而大大简化了运算.     

马尔可夫过程的传导转移概率及工程研究应用

将可拓学理论和方法首次应用到马尔可夫过程的研究中,给出了过程元和过程元概率函数的概念,将相关分析原理和可拓变换用于对马尔可夫过程的一步传导转移概率函数的研究.给出了马尔可夫过程在参变量取某值时的一步转移过程元和一步转移概率函数的概念并利用相关性、可拓变换和传导变换等对其进行了研究.实例分析表明：该方法可为一类涉及马尔可夫过程的矛盾问题提供一种新的形式化解决途径,丰富了可拓学在随机过程领域研究中的理论.     

一种高分三号SAR影像五参数变换模型几何精校正方法

为了更好且快速的提高单景高分三号影像的地理定位精度。本文提出了有理函数结合五参数变换方法的复合模型实现高分三号（GeoFen-3, GF-3）卫星一级影像产品的几何精纠正,所提五个参数均具有具体的物理意义。通过比较仅用影像附属的有理多项式参数,以及有理函数模型结合仿射变换方法的定位精度,表明在引入高分辨率数字高程模型且使用本文方法时,只用3至4个控制点便可有效提高GF-3号影像的定位精度。相比仿射变换模型,本文的方法具有所需控制点数少且精度高的优点。并利用四景GF-3号SAR影像对所提方法进行了实验验证,在引入高分辨率数字高程模型数据后,本文所提方法可将高分三号超精细条带（ultra fine strip, UFS）模式的影像定位精度纠正到两个像素左右,精度要高于仿射变换的方法。