全光亮化学镀镍磷合金工艺研究

为提高化学镀镍磷合金的装饰性,在常规化学镀镍磷合金镀液中加入组合光亮剂(由两种镀镍中间体和无机盐复配而成),获得了全光亮化学镀镍磷合金层．研究了镀液中光亮剂、硫酸镍、次磷酸钠、柠檬酸钠、金属杂质离子以及pH值和温度对化学镀镍磷合金层外观、耐蚀性和沉积速度的影响;检测了有关性能．结果表明：所得化学镀镍磷合金镀层的外观(镜面光亮的镀层)、孔隙率、耐蚀性、硬度、沉积速度(可达15—20μm／h)结合力等性能优于常规化学镀镍磷合金镀层．因而具有较高的应用推广价值。     

超声波化学镀镍工艺

采用超声波化学镀镍工艺，研究了有机聚合物薄膜上化学镀镍过程中温度、镀液成分对沉积速度及镀层情况的影响．采用SEM观测镀层表面形态、厚度，通过EDS测定镀层的镍磷含量，并用XRD分析了镀层的微观结构．     

硫脲对低磷化学镀镍稳定性的影响

研究硫脲的加入对低磷化学镀镍镀液稳定性及镀层沉积速度的影响.实验结果表明,硫脲的加入对低磷化学镀镍镀液稳定性和沉积速度影响较大,当硫脲浓度为3mg/L时,镀液的稳定性最好,镀层沉积速度最快.     

碳钢中温酸性化学镀镍镀液组成优化的研究

化学镀镍镀液主要成分包括主盐硫酸镍,还原剂次亚磷酸钠,络合剂柠檬酸,缓冲剂醋酸钠以及稳定剂。主要探究在中温酸性条件下,镍磷比、络合剂浓度、缓冲剂浓度对化学镀镍沉积速度、镀层孔隙率、磷含量以及表面形貌的影响,以求得到最佳镀液组成及镀层性能。结果表明,在镍磷比为0.38,柠檬酸浓度为15g/L,醋酸钠浓度为15g/L时,沉积速度为9μm/h,孔隙率为50个/mm~2,磷含量为9.73%,镀层表面形貌均匀致密。     

铝合金中温直接化学镀镍

为了实现铝合金在中温(70℃)条件下直接化学镀镍,在化学镀液中加入活化剂(含氟化合物),并对主配合剂进行调整.适宜浓度的活化剂可以加快化学沉积镍的速度,改善镀层的综合性能;氨基乙酸为主配合剂,能明显改善镀层的耐蚀性能,提高了镀层腐蚀电势,降低腐蚀电流,增强镀层的抗色变性能;在含有2g.dm-3 KF和8g.dm-3氨基乙酸的镀液中化学镀镍,能得到综合性能良好的Ni-P镀层.     

铝及铝合金光亮化学镀镍工艺研究

研究了一种铝及铝合金化学镀镍新工艺,确定了合理的工艺流程,探讨了镀前预处理液、光亮剂、络合剂、工艺条件对镀层质量的影响,所得镀层结晶细致,光亮度好,结合力好,镀液使用寿命长,具有广泛的推广应用价值。     

几种配位剂对化学镀镍的影响

以镀速、镀液PdCl2稳定时间和镀层磷含量为评价指标,在固定主盐、还原剂、缓冲剂、稳定剂浓度的条件下施镀一小时,考察柠檬酸、乳酸、苹果酸、甘氨酸、丁二酸等五钟配位剂对化学镀镍的影响.结果表明:丁二酸作配位剂时镀速最快,而柠檬酸作配位剂时镀速最慢;镀液的PdCl2稳定时间,乳酸最长,丁二酸最短;就镀层磷含量而言,柠檬酸作...     

稳定剂对铁基表面化学镀Ni—P合金耐蚀性能影响的研究

本文利用化学镀方法在铁基材基片上实现了优质镀镍磷沉积,成功地研制了沉积速率较高,稳定性优良的化学镀镍磷工艺,该工艺的镀浴是酸性次亚磷酸盐体系镀液。研究了各实验因素的影响和镀层的耐腐蚀性。     

以电解法制备的次磷酸镍和次磷酸进行化学镀镍

采用四室电渗析槽,以镍板为阳极,不锈钢为阴极,次磷酸钠为原料,电解法制得次磷酸镍和次磷酸溶液,并且用该溶液配制化学镀镍液,进行了化学镀镍的研究.该镀液寿命长,得到的镀层光亮、致密,耐腐蚀性高,粘结性好.     

超载实验在优选化学镀镍工艺参数中的运用

镀液稳定性和沉积速度是衡量化学镍镀液优劣的两大重要参数．基于化学镀镍的基本原理，设计了超载实验．此实验不仅操作简单，而且可以横向比较出不同化学镀液的沉积速度和镀液稳定性．实验结果表明，在聚氨酯泡沫塑料基体上进行化学镀镍，它的最佳工艺参数是pH值为8．0左右，温度控制在45℃左右．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

正~~