舟山渔场大小鱼山附近海域鱼类群落结构及生物多样性

根据2019年春季和秋季在舟山渔场大小鱼山附近海域开展的渔业资源调查获得的鱼类资料,研究了该海域的鱼类种类组成、优势种、数量空间分布、生物多样性等群落结构特征。结果表明:(1)调查海域共获得并鉴定出鱼类33种,隶属于8目15科26属;(2)鱼类种类数以10～15 m水深区为较多;春秋季鱼类重量平均密度分别为10.86 kg·km~(-2)和40.68 kg·km~(-2),尾数平均密度分别为2.96×10~3ind·km~(-2)和9.18×10~3ind·km~(-2),春季重量密度较高的站位主要分布在调查海域西北部,秋季重量密度较高的站位主要分布在近岛屿侧海域;(3)春季优势种为凤鲚,秋季优势种为龙头鱼,优势种出现季节更替;(4)春季鱼类多样性指数(H')、均匀度指数(J')、丰富度指数(d)均高于秋季;(5)CLUSTER分析和NMDS分析显示,春秋季分别可分为3、4个群组。SIMPER分析显示,2个季节物种相似性贡献率最高的鱼类特征种分别为凤鲚和龙头鱼,物种相异性贡献率最高的鱼类分歧种是孔虾虎鱼。ANOSIM检验显示,春秋季鱼类群落组成具有极显著差异;(6)ABC曲线表明,大小鱼山附近海域鱼类春季处于未受干扰状态,秋季处于严重干扰状态。     

中街山列岛海域浮游植物群落结构的周年变化特征

于2010年5月至2011年2月之间,对中街山列岛海域的浮游植物和理化环境因子进行了4个季节的调查,分析了该海域浮游植物的种类组成、丰度、优势种、群落结构的季节变化特征和平面分布特征。并讨论了浮游植物与营养盐、水温等环境因子之间的关系。结果表明,调查海域共鉴定出浮游植物5门55属145种,季节变化为秋季(85种)冬季(71种)=夏季(71种)春季(30种)。中街山列岛浮游植物的丰度范围为0.86×104~64 575.61×104 cells/m~3,平均细胞丰度为7 959.00×104cells/m3,季节变化则呈单一周期型,春夏季高,秋冬季低。浮游植物优势种种类多,不同季节既有交叉又有演替。由春季的夜光藻和具齿原甲藻演替至夏季的尖刺拟菱形藻、秋冬季的琼氏圆筛藻。多样性指数和均匀度的变化范围分别为1.73~3.53和0.44~0.77,群落结构较复杂。从优势种的种类数和多样性指数分析,中街山列岛海域浮游植物群落相对稳定。从总体变化趋势来看,该海域浮游植物细胞丰度与水温、p H和透明度都呈极显著的正相关,但与单一营养盐之间的相关关系并不显著。由无机磷含量变化范围(0.013~0.035 mg/dm~3)来看,该海域无机磷为影响浮游植物繁殖生长的限制因子之一。     

椒江口海域大型底栖动物群落结构的研究

2010年4月(春)、7月(夏)和10月(秋)对椒江口海域的大型底栖动物进行调查,分析了椒江口海域大型底栖动物的种类组成、优势种、丰度、生物量和生物多样性等群落特征的季节变化,并初步研究了底栖动物群落结构的季节差异及其与环境因子的关系.3个航次调查共采集到大型底栖动物60种,夏季种类最多,为48种;加州中蚓虫在三季均为第一优势种;夏季丰度最高,为187.11ind/m2;秋季生物量最高,为69.82g/m2;不同季节Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H)和Margalef物种丰富度指数(d)存在显著差异,Pielou均匀度指数(J)季节差异不显著;底层水温、溶解氧与悬浮物是影响椒江口海域大型底栖动物群落特征的主要环境因子;系统聚类和MDS排序分析表明,大型底栖动物的分布具有显著的环境空间异质性,可以划分为5个群落.     

湘江上游区桂北江段鱼类物种多样性研究

2014年4月至2015年1月按季度共4次对湘江上游区桂北江段鱼类物种多样性进行研究:共采集鱼类81种,隶属于5目16科55属,其中鲤形目鱼类种类最多,占总物种数的62.96%;研究区域内的优势物种为宽鳍鸇Zacco platypus、中华沙塘鳢Odontobutis sinensis,分别占总个体数的25.76%和18.57%。鱼类个体数无显著季节变化,但鱼类物种数存在显著季节变化:如夏季和秋季鱼类多样性高,物种比较丰富,而春季和冬季的多样性相对较低,鱼类物种相对少;春季优势度指数相对较高,秋季优势种较明显。此外,鱼类群落无度量多维排序图(NMDS)结果显示,湘江上游区桂北江段鱼类群落结构空间变化显著,但季节性差异不大。     

中街山列岛海域网箱养殖设施附着海藻调查分析

2009年8月-2010年6月,对中街山列岛海域网箱养殖设施附着海藻情况进行调查。结果显示:在网箱养殖设施附着海藻共34种,分别隶属于3门26属,其中红藻17属19种、褐藻4属6种、绿藻5属9种,均为亚热带和温带种类。网箱框架附着海藻的生物量及种类均多于绳索及网具附着海藻。该海域网箱养殖设施附着海藻生物量季节变化明显,冬季开始上升,春季达到鼎盛期,夏季逐渐消失,秋季又开始附着生长。     

浙江苍南近海海域鱼类种类组成和数量分布研究

根据2008年4月至2009年5月在苍南近海海域(27°00′~27°32′48″N)鱼类资源调查资料,对鱼类种类组成和数量分布以及优势度进行了研究。结果表明:苍南近海海域鱼类种类203种,这些资源品种中,既有洄游性鱼类,又有近岸性、河口性种类,以及岩礁定居的岛礁性种类。隶属于鲱形目、灯笼鱼目、鳗鲡目、鲇形目、鳕形目、刺鱼目、鲻形目、鲈形目、鲽形目等9目,优势种的有鲳鱼、带鱼、鳓鱼、马鲛鱼、棘头梅童鱼、海鳗等。三个季节为优势种的有皮氏叫姑鱼、龙头鱼。两个季节为优势种的有红狼牙鰕虎鱼、日本鳀鱼、中华小公鱼。不同季节出现的种类变化趋势是春季(53种)秋季(43种)夏季(42种)冬季(36种)。鱼类各种类的渔获率季节变化趋势为夏季(34.04%)﹥春季(29.09%)﹥秋季(22.88%)﹥冬季(13.99%)。而由于地理位置和环境因素的不同,两岛区渔获量的季节变化有明显的差异,南关的季节变化与全海区相似,为最高值出现在夏季的单峰型变化,官山为双峰型变化,即春季为最峰值,秋季为次高峰值,夏、冬两季为低谷值的变化,同一岛区一年中渔获量最高和最低相差悬殊,二者之比,官山和南关都为3倍左右。从全年平均密度来看,本次调查B区的南关最高,其次为A区的官山。     

南麂列岛海洋自然保护区东侧海域鱼类群落结构特征研究

根据2017年秋季(11月)、2018年春季(5月)在南麂列岛海洋自然保护区东侧海域开展底拖网渔业资源调查所获得的鱼类资料,分析了该海域的鱼类种类组成、优势种、生物多样性、群落结构特征及ABC曲线等。结果表明,本次在调查海域共获得并鉴定出鱼类种类有55种,隶属于10目29科45属。其中,春季为25种,秋季为44种;春季优势种有4种,分别是红鳗虾虎鱼、绿鳍鱼、鲐鱼和竹荚鱼;秋季优势种有3种,分别是龙头鱼、六丝钝尾虾虎鱼和七星底灯鱼,两季没有共同优势种。生物多样性指数分布情况是丰富度指数(D)秋季高于春季,均匀度指数(J')和多样性指数(H')则春季高于秋季。根据非参数多维标序技术NMDS和等级聚类CLUSTER分析,可将春季鱼类划分为2个群落,秋季鱼类划分为3个群落。从ABC曲线可以看出,春、秋两季调查海域的鱼类种群干扰程度是春季高于秋季。     

浙江青山水库轮虫初步研究

1996～1997年间对杭州青山水库的轮虫作了春、夏、秋、冬四季调查。发现轮虫19种,优势种为螺形龟甲轮虫（Keratellacochlearis）。轮虫年平均密度为784ind．/L,生物量1．751mg/L,多样性指数1．95。密度和生物量的水平变化为水库进水口处显著高于库中心和出水口处;季节变化以秋季最高,冬季最低。多样性指数的水平变化不明显,季节变化以夏季最高,秋季最低。相关分析表明：多样性指数与优势种的优势度呈显著负相关性。种类数与出现频数分布也呈显著负相关性。此外,对3类不同水体轮虫的群落特征进行了比较。     

舟山黄大洋海域春夏季鱼类种类组成和分布特征

根据2010年5月、11月对黄大洋进行的2次拖网调查所获鱼类资料,分析了该海域鱼类种类组成、数量分布和多样性特征。结果表明:黄大洋春秋两季共出现鱼类48种,隶属于13目、28科,其中春季出现鱼类28种,秋季35种。春季优势种主要为六丝钝尾虾虎鱼、龙头鱼、棘头梅童鱼等,秋季龙头鱼和黄鲫在尾数和生物量上都占绝对优势。根据不同季节ABC曲线变化,黄大洋春秋季鱼类的丰度曲线均在生物量曲线之上,说明其鱼类群落处于不稳定的状态。秋季鱼类渔获率普遍高于春季,这主要与鱼类的生态习性有关,水平分布上黄大洋东面站位的渔获率两个季节均高于西面站位渔获率,其主要受水文环境影响。     

三娘湾游泳动物种类组成及群落结构分析

广西三娘湾是中华白海豚（Sousa chinensis）的重要栖息海域,为了解该海域游泳动物的种类组成情况,于2011—2012年在该海域开展了秋季和春季两次调查,用相对重要性指数、物种多样性指数、相对资源密度以及数量生物量比较曲线（ABC曲线）等指标分析了该区域的游泳动物种类组成特征和群落结构稳定性。结果表明:该调查海域共鉴定游泳动物100种,隶属15目41科72属(其中鱼类最多,达65种）,优势种多为鳀科、鲱科及鲾科等小型鱼类;两个季节多样性水平均不高,分布上多为一些饵料鱼类,种类组成小型化、低值化明显;秋季及春季的资源密度分别为888.59 kg/km2和554.62 kg/km2,与南海北部大陆架区其余海域相似,说明该海域资源水平不高,处于过度开发状态;ABC曲线显示,三娘湾海域秋季及春季的群落结构均受到一定程度扰动,种类组成均以生长快、性成熟早的小个体物种为主。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with