滨里海盆地东缘Д南石炭系Д层碳酸盐岩储层发育的控制和影响因素

滨里海盆地东缘Д南石炭系Д层碳酸盐岩主要发育低孔、低渗储层,储层厚度较薄,岩性和物性横向变化大,纵向和平面非均质性强。文章从构造、层序、沉积相、裂缝发育程度和白云石化作用等5个方面对Д层碳酸盐岩低孔、低渗储层的控制和影响因素进行了深入分析,确定构造控制了储层发育的平面位置,层序格架控制了储层发育的纵向旋回的位置及体系域类型,沉积相控制了储层的平面分布特征,裂缝发育程度影响了储层的物性和产能;灰岩的混合白云岩化作用是控制储层类型的主要地质因素。Д1底部的白云岩化带储层裂缝和溶蚀孔洞发育且产能较高,是有利储层发育的主要层段。     

基于井震的火山岩有利储层综合预测——以银额盆地哈日凹陷为例

银额盆地哈日凹陷延哈5井安山岩试出低产油气流,指示了火山岩是该区的重要储层类型之一。为明确哈日凹陷下白垩统火山岩的分布规律、储层特征及勘探潜力,应用岩心、测井及地震资料综合研究了安山岩的地质地球物理特征和有效储层分布。结果表明：哈日凹陷巴一段火山岩层具有上、下两段结构,下段发育安山岩,上段发育凝灰岩、火山碎屑岩与过渡岩性。下段安山岩具气孔和溶蚀孔隙,发育交织结构及杏仁构造,呈厚层块状,自然伽马曲线呈箱型(70～80 API),具有顶底强振幅、内部弱振幅和高波阻抗地震响应。火山口及安山岩加厚带主要沿缓坡带轴向断裂呈串珠状分布,剖面上呈低丘状或透镜状。与孔隙度反演、裂缝识别和含油气性检测等手段综合预测的安山岩有利含油气区相互吻合。     

川北大安寨生屑灰岩储层主控因素及预测思路

为明确川北地区大安寨段湖相生屑灰岩储层发育的特点及主控因素,寻找有利储层发育区,综合钻井岩芯描述、薄片鉴定、扫描电镜观察、测试分析等手段,开展区内沉积学、储层特征研究。研究结果认为,川北地区大安寨段为浅湖-半深湖相沉积,浅湖亚相发育介屑滩、滩间洼地、浅湖泥微相,半深湖亚相发育滩前湖坡、半深湖泥微相;储层岩石类型以介屑灰岩为主,储层物性总体较差,平均孔隙度为1.18%,渗透率普遍小于1 mD,具有特低孔、特低渗的特征;储集空间类型主要为溶蚀孔、洞和裂缝。储层类型以孔隙裂缝型储层为主,裂缝孔隙型储层及裂缝型储层均有发育。以此为依据,分析并探讨了湖相生屑灰岩储层发育的控制因素,认为有利沉积相带、建设性成岩作用、裂缝系统控制了大安寨段储层的发育。结合大安寨各层段地层特点提出了有针对性的储层预测思路。     

演武油田长3油层段优质储层特征及预测

探讨鄂尔多斯盆地演武油田长3油层段相对优质储层富集规律,为同类型油藏勘探开发提供借鉴。从研究区长3油层段砂岩储层的沉积背景、成岩作用和微观特征入手,运用古地貌恢复等方法,对古地貌单元中邻近不整合面的斜坡和残丘带的储层发育特征进行了重点研究。结果表明研究区延长组古暴露面上发生的下渗大气水对不整合面之下储层进行的溶蚀改造最为强烈,是形成相对优质储层的关键因素,有利于油气充注成藏。古地貌单元中的斜坡和残丘带是优质储层的勘探评价有利区带。     

基于小层约束对比下的储层反演综合研究

五3东(WSD)区发育砂砾岩储层,一般由多期扇体叠置而成,物性变化大,横向变化快,非均质性强,这对该区有利储层的评价造成了一定困难。针对研究区勘探开发的重难点,确定了基于小层约束下的约束稀疏脉冲反演方法重点对该区上乌尔禾组P3w1段油组进行小层对比下的储层预测综合研究。首先基于高分辨率层序地层学理论对该区地层进行精细划分和对比;其次对地震数据、井数据进行质控,分析储层敏感性参数,确定储层反演的可行性;然后进行精细层位标定、子波提取,根据划分的小层和已处理好时深关系的测井曲线建立小层约束下的低频模型;最后反复调试关键反演参数,实现全区反演研究。根据所得反演结果,从平面和剖面两个角度对比分析各小层段储层的分布规律,同时建立符合该区地质规律的成藏模式,预测有利储层发育区带,为该区下一步开发调整提供了方向。     

埕岛油田馆上段储层非均质性研究

通过对我国第一个浅海-极浅海特大油田—埕岛油田馆上段储层层内韵律性、层间差异性、平面上砂体连续性、层间层内隔夹层的定量评价以及储层微观孔隙结构的研究,揭示了埕岛油田馆上段储层宏观、微观非均质特征,指出埕岛油田馆上段储层平面非均质性与微相带、砂体发育密切相关,并建立了埕岛油田馆上段储层四种类型的孔隙结构模式,对指导埕岛油田馆上段油藏进行各种开发调整有着重要的指导意义。     

表生喀斯特作用对蓬莱花岗岩潜山油田风化壳储层发育的控制作用

蓬莱9-1油田位于庙西北凸起,是罕见的大型中生界花岗岩油田,储层发育规律是制约勘探开发的关键问题。通过对岩体进行岩心、测井和化学测试资料综合分析,结果表明,花岗岩潜山风化壳在垂向上依次可划分出土壤层、砂化层、砂化砾石层、裂缝带和基岩;不同带中储集空间类型不同,砂化层以孔隙型储层为主,砂化砾石层以裂缝型+孔隙型储层为主,裂缝带以裂缝型储层为主;从砂化层到裂缝带,储层的孔隙度逐渐降低,裂缝越来越发育,储层的渗透率从裂缝带到砂化层和基岩带依次降低;优质储层主要发育于砂化层、砂化砾石层和裂缝带中,储集空间类型主要为裂缝-孔洞型;储层的孔隙度主要受表生喀斯特作用(包括风化作用)控制,裂缝主要受变形强度和断裂的控制。砂化层、砂化砾石层的厚度受表生喀斯特作用控制,裂缝带的发育与构造作用密切相关。砂化砾石层和裂缝带以高的渗透率和最大的厚度而成为风化壳型潜山最为重要的储层。     

川东北S地区裂缝预测技术浅论

川东北S地区须二段中亚段储层类型复杂,研究该段裂缝型储层的预测方法有较多种类型。针对该高产储层段具有裂缝发育的特点,利用分方位角纵波裂缝预测技术对该研究区须二段中亚段储层进行裂缝预测,认识到该区域裂缝发育与断层及沉积相分布有一定的关系。裂缝预测成果显示裂缝发育强区总体上沿背斜轴部两翼展布及断层附近发育,反演预测结果与该区现有钻井资料吻合性较好,取得了较好的地质效果。     

鄂尔多斯盆地志丹地区长9致密油储层特征及控制因素分析

鄂尔多斯盆地延长组下组合普遍发育致密储层,寻找其中相对高孔渗层段是当前延长组致密油勘探开发的重点工作之一。以志丹地区长9油层组致密油储层为例,综合运用测井、岩心测试等资料,借助阴极发光、扫描电镜等手段,对储层岩石学特征、孔隙类型及物性进行了研究。从宏观和微观两方面分析了控制储层物性的因素,在此基础上对储层进行综合分类,并指出了相对高孔渗层段。研究结果表明,长9油层组储层以岩屑砂岩、长石-岩屑砂岩和岩屑-长石砂岩为主;孔隙以粒间孔隙和长石溶孔为主;沉积微相是其发育的宏观控制因素,其中河口坝中上部和水下分流河道中部物性最好;砂岩粒度、盐酸盐岩含量、岩屑含量及长石含量是储层发育的微观控制因素。细-中砂岩储层物性较好;碳酸盐含量小于10%有利于储层物性发育;岩屑含量越高,储层物性越差;长石含量越高,储层物性越好。综合考虑储层发育的多种控制因素,可以将储层分为5种类型,其中粒度较粗、岩屑含量较低、长石含量较高及碳酸盐岩含量小于10%条件的I类和Ⅱ类储层较好,是勘探有利目标区;Ⅲ类储层中等,Ⅳ类储层物性差-致密,Ⅴ类属于致密层。研究成果对延长组致密油勘探开发有一定的借鉴意义。     

川西深层须家河组气藏储层预测关键技术

探讨川西深层上三叠统须家河组气藏优质储层预测、裂缝发育带预测及含气性检测方法。针对川西新场气田须家河组气藏,在储层地震响应特征和有利沉积相带预测的基础上,利用AVO叠前同时反演预测相对优质储层的分布;采用纵横波资料联合的裂缝检测方法,进行地震属性裂缝预测、P波方位各向异性裂缝预测、横波分裂裂缝检测及离散裂缝网络建模的裂缝表征等多方法、多尺度的裂缝综合预测;利用纵波和横波联合反演进行储层的含气性预测,并形成了须家河组气藏储层预测关键技术。结果表明该技术系列可以较好地预测须家河组气藏相对高孔隙储层、裂缝发育带及含气有利区,钻井成功率从15%提高到89%。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that