木贼属(Equisetum)木质部管状分子类型研究

用离析法观察比较了4种木贼属(Equisetum)植物根状茎和气生茎中木质部的管状分子类型,结果发现:这4个种植物的初生木质部中均具导管;在节与节间部的导管分子的形态存在显著差异:节部的导管分子主要是梯纹导管,粗短,常多个聚集成团束(fascicle),末端壁几乎与侧壁平行,穿孔板为梯状、网状和单穿孔板,同时,还发现有网状侧壁穿孔板;节间部的导管分子主要是环纹或螺纹导管,细长,末端壁倾斜或平齐,具梯状、网状和单穿孔板.     

百合科植物比较形态解剖学研究——Ⅱ、万年青、吉祥草、紫花玉簪、芦荟、吊兰后生木质部管状分子的比较解剖

根据V.L.Cheadla关于单子叶植物解剖性状演化观点,即(1)根、茎、叶中均存在导管较根、根状茎中具导管或仅根中有导管进化;(2)导管分子短而宽较导管分子长而细进化;(3)单穿孔板类型较梯状穿孔板类型高级,而梯状穿孔板模隔数越少越高级.用上述3条标准对百合科(Liliaceae)中铃兰族(Conval-lavrieae)万年青属(Robdea Roth)万年青(R.japonica(Thunb.)Roth),吉祥草属(Reineckja Kunth)吉祥草(R.carnea(Andr.)Kunth.);萱草族(Hemero ca-lleae)玉簪属(Hosta Tratt.)紫花玉簪(H。albo-marginata(Hook.)Ohwi)芦荟族(Aloeae)芦荟属(Aloe L.)芦荟(A.vera L.var.chinensis(Haw.)Berg.);吊兰族(Asphodeleae),吊兰属(Chlorophytum Ker-Gawl.)吊兰(C.comosum(Thunb.)Peker)等植物的后生木质部管状分子进行比较解剖研究.结果表明:吊兰、芦荟、紫花玉簪较吉祥草、万年青进化.     

桂花木质部导管分子形态学研究

运用离析和显微观测的方法,对桂花枝条木质部导管分子形态特征进行了研究.研究表明:桂花1至3年生枝条具多种类型的导管分子,主要类型为环纹和孔纹导管分子;大多数导管分子具有尾状结构,一端具尾或两端具尾,无尾导管分子较少;导管分子穿孔板类型为单穿孔,大多数穿孔板倾斜31°⁶0°;金桂与丹桂导管分子形态特征无明显差别,1至3年生枝条导管长度平均444.86μm,直径平均31.13μm,长度和直径随枝龄的增加而增大.     

5种蕨类植物木质部管状分子的研究

为研究蕨类植物木质部管状分子的类型及特点,分别对蕨(Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum)、银粉背蕨(Aleuritopteris argentea)、华北薄鳞蕨(Leptolepidium kuhnii)、荚果蕨(Matteuccia struthiopteris)和耳叶金毛裸蕨(Gymnopteris bipinnata var. auriculata) 5种蕨类的叶柄或根状茎维管束进行离析处理,并在光学显微镜和扫描电镜下观察和照相.结果显示: 1)5种蕨类植物中都有导管分子存在,耳叶金毛裸蕨除具有导管分子外,还有管胞; 2)导管分子普遍具有多穿孔板,穿孔板以梯状为主,偶有网状,但没有单穿孔板,各种蕨类的管状分子中都存在不同程度的纹孔膜残余; 3)蕨导管分子的端壁和侧壁分化明显,存在网状穿孔板,并具有纹孔二型性现象,以及多孔性纹孔膜和凹槽结构; 4)银粉背蕨叶柄导管分子的穿孔板有的与纹孔膜完整的壁相邻,根状茎导管分子的侧壁之间以"脊"状结构相隔; 5)华北薄鳞蕨叶柄导管分子中存在不连续穿孔板,根状茎管状分子的端壁和侧壁分化鲜明; 6)荚果蕨叶柄导管分子中存在网状-梯状混合型穿孔板; 7)耳叶金毛裸蕨叶柄中同时具有导管分子和管胞,导管分子的穿孔板有的与纹孔膜完整的壁相邻; 8)与被子植物相比,蕨类植物导管分子的特征在很大程度上体现了其原始性.     

蔷薇科9属12种代表植物导管类型的解剖学观察

初步研究了蔷薇科Rosaceae 9属12种代表植物的导管类型、数量及导管分子的长度、口径;纤维分子的长度、口径。结果表明：较进化的种类一般都是孔纹导管和网纹导管,较原始的种类一般都是环纹和螺纹导管;导管分子长度长的则导管口径小,导管分子长度短的则口径大;纤维分子长度普遍大于导管分子长度,而纤维分子的口径也普遍小于导管分子的口径。     

3种入侵杂草次生木质部的细胞结构

运用离析法和显微照相等技术,比较了黄顶菊、豚草、加拿大一枝黄花3种入侵植物茎和根中次生木质部细胞的特征。结果表明,3种入侵植物根、茎的次生木质部中孔纹和网纹导管分子较多,具多尾性,单穿孔板,少数导管分子还具侵填体等特征,这都在一定程度上说明3种植物在系统进化中占有较高的地位。同一种植物中茎的导管分子平均长度长于根中,平均宽度宽于根中,且均达极显著差异;同一种植物的茎中和根中导管分子的长度、宽度并不一定有一致性。管胞细胞、纤维细胞的平均长度和宽度在3种植物间均未表现出一定的规律性。这些现象都说明植物为了更好的适应不同的生活环境而形成了一定的结构。     

珍稀植物银鹊树木材解剖学观察

通过对银鹊树(TapisiciasinensisOliv.)的木材解剖学研究,结果表明其木材解剖学特点的结构类型为非叠生型,导管类型有螺纹、梯纹、孔纹,穿孔板类型为梯状穿孔板,射线呈单列异型射线、多列异型射线。     

维管植物导管元素分化与细胞程序性死亡

通过遗传控制的细胞死亡是植物正常生长和发育的重要过程,是近年来国内外的研究热点之一。维管植物的导管和筛管由死亡的管导分子组成,本文着重讨论了维管植物的导分子形成过程中的细胞程序性死亡（ｐｒｏｇｒａｍｍｅｄ ｃｅｌｌｄｅａｔｈＰＣＤ）的形态和化特性以及参与找在因,并介绍了植物生长发育过程中ＰＣＤ存在的时空广泛性。虽然植物发育生殖过程中的ＰＣＤ与动物细胞通过遗控制的细胞死亡是植物正常生长和发育的重要过程,是近年来国内外的研究热点之一,维管植物的导管和筛管由天文馆的导管分子组成。本文着重讨论了维管植物的导管分子形成过程中的细程序性死亡（programmed cell death PCD)的形态和生化特征以及参与的基因,并介绍了植物生长发育过程中ＰＣＤ存在的时空广泛性。虽然植物发育和生殖过程中的ＰＣＤ与动物细胞凋亡存在许多相似的形太必生化特征,但细胞通过自溶或自自我吞噬来死亡,而并不形成动物细胞凋亡中典型的凋亡小体。说明这些ＰＣＤ类型本质上凋亡型ＰＣＤ。导管分子的死亡是一种典型的植物ＰＣＤ。近年来体外系统研究表明,导管元素分析中的细胞死亡程序与动物细胞凋亡不同。     

云南省水莲属(Manglietia BI.)八种植物的木材解剖

对中国云南省木莲属的大果木莲、红花木莲、亮叶木莲、大叶木莲、粗枝木莲、密脉木莲、锈毛木莲、薄叶水莲等8种植物的木材进行了解剖特征的研究,其中粗枝木莲又密脉木莲的导管分子端壁具有单穿孔,密脉木莲导管分子内壁有螺纹加厚,并在大果木莲和亮叶木莲发现傍管的薄壁组织。     

巴东金丝猴国家级自然保护区不同土地利用方式下的植物多样性

选取湖北省巴东金丝猴国家级自然保护区不同退耕年限的6种土地利用类型的样地进行了植物多样性调查.通过Jaccard相似性指数、Gleason丰富度指数比较,分析了不同退耕年限对群落植物多样性丰度和组成的影响.结果表明:研究样地退耕后的植物群落大致经历了白车轴草、鸭儿芹群落→杂草类群落→毛茛群落→山酢浆草群落4种群落类型的演替.退耕50年的样地与未耕种过的自然生境的物种组成相似度最高,Jaccard相似性指数值为0.3,退耕5~6年的样地与未耕种过的自然生境的物种组成相似度最低,Jaccard相似性指数值为0.021.各种地类的植物Gleason多样性丰富度从大到小依次为未耕种过50年30年20年10年5~6年.该研究可为巴东金丝猴国家级自然保护区合理利用土地、采取有效措施保护生物多样性提供一定的参考依据.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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