基于二次场算法的大地电磁二维有限单元法正演

推导了同时考虑电阻率与磁导率变化的大地电磁二维方程,并应用有限单元法进行数值模拟.为了提高计算精度与效率、简化计算节点生成,采用格林定理处理二次场方程源项,并设计实现了一种基于二叉树结构的收缩网格剖分算法;采用基于最少填入元思想的稀疏矩阵符号分析方法,实现了稀疏线性方程组的LDLT求解.利用二次场算法进行模型试算,结果表明所采用的新计算方法大大减少了计算单元数量,提高了计算精度与效率.     

基于双二次插值的2.5维FCSEM有限元正演模拟

首先给出2.5维频率域可控源电磁的有限元方程,并详细推导基于矩形剖分及双二次插值的有限元方程的刚度矩阵的求解过程;接着重点研究波数的选取并得到一组精度较高的波数选取方案;然后利用本文基于双二次插值的有限元算法对一个均匀半空间模型进行模拟计算,并将计算结果与解析解对比,验证本文算法的正确性;最后对2个二维地电模型进行有限元模拟,分别得到TE及TM模式下的视电阻率及相位等值线断面图,通过对比分析可知模拟结果均能在不同程度上反映出异常体,从而进一步说明本文算法能够对2.5维频率域可控源电磁进行有效地模拟。     

二维MT电阻率与磁导率同时反演研究

开展了同时考虑介质电阻率与磁导率变化的大地电磁二维正则化反演问题研究。不考虑位移电流影响的大地电磁勘探,电阻率与磁导率是影响观测电磁场的主要物理参数;考虑岩石的电阻率变化范围相比磁导率大的多,所以大地电磁反演解释常常只考虑电阻率;然而,二维正演模拟表明,当地下介质含有较多铁磁性矿物时,磁导率的局部异常体对大地电磁观测的影响不能忽略。因此,开展了同时反演电阻率与磁导率的正则化反演,建立了同时反演两个参数的正则化反演目标函数,并通过高斯-牛顿法对正则化目标函数进行最优化求解;采用模型空间到反演空间的函数映射技术,将电阻率与磁导率限定在具有实际物理意义的变化区间,并通过双共轭梯度稳定算法求解高斯-牛顿系统,以确保反演稳定性。对合成数据与实测数据进行了反演,表明从大地电磁数据可以恢复地下介质磁导率,开展磁导率与电阻率的同时反演提高了反演效果,丰富了数据解释依据。     

基于二次场算法的时间域激电2.5D有限元正演

二次场算法是提高时域激电正演计算精度的有效方法之一,能很好处理场源奇异问题。研究工作首先通过引入Cole-Cole模型,推导了在此模型下复电阻率二次场满足的边值问题;并利用有限单元法进行数值计算。然后通过Guptasarma滤波算法,实现了频率域激电到时域激电的转换,改变了传统求解时域激电的方法。为了提高计算效率,首先对边界采取近似处理。经处理的刚度矩阵只与供电频率及波数有关,而与供电点位置无关。其次设计了基于图论理论的矩阵重排与填入元分析算法,实现了矩阵的LDLT分解,从而实现了基于二次场算法的时间域2.5维激电正演的快速算法。利用快速算法,计算并分析了视电阻率、视极化率异常特征;其次通过计算频散率异常特征,验证了极化率与频散率对异常体响应具有相似性。     

基于二次场的二维大地电磁有限元法数值模拟

引入基于计算二次场响应的方法,将其用于二维大地电磁数值模拟.导出了二维大地电磁二次场的表达式,在使用有限元法解偏微分方程时,利用二次场偏微分方程与总场偏微分方程的相似性,直接采用总场法中的系数矩阵作为二次场的合成矩阵.将根据此原理所编制的二次场有限元法模拟软件,对几个典型模型进行了试算,并与传统总场模拟法作了比较分析.结果表明,直接计算二次场的结果精度更高,更接近真实解.     

二维直流电阻率与音频大地电磁自适应渐进联合反演

开展了非结构化三角网格条件下的二维直流电阻率与音频大地电磁自适应渐进正则化联合反演研究。通过研发以模型灵敏度信息为依据的反演网格自适应优化技术,构建由粗网格到细网格逐步反演的自适应渐进反演策略,减少了反问题对稳定因子的依赖,进而降低了正则化因子搜索的计算量;通过最小二乘算法求解非结构化三角网格的模型粗糙度,构建了非结构化网格条件下的最小结构稳定因子;采用高斯-牛顿法优化求解正则化反演目标函数,通过双共轭梯度稳定算法求解高斯-牛顿方程,确保反演稳定性,同时有效减少了反问题对内存的需求。理论模型与实测数据的联合反演试算表明,直流电阻率与音频大地电磁数据联合反演能够有效减少反演多解性,提高反演效果,实现音频大地电磁静态效应异常体的直接反演。     

不完全LU分解预处理的BICGSTAB算法在大地电磁二维正演模拟中的应用

基于双二次插值的有限单元法求解大地电磁二维正演问题,以不均匀网格剖分为基础,推导出大地电磁响应的计算公式.针对有限单元法最后形成一个线性方程组,系数矩阵是大型稀疏的带状对称正定复系数矩阵,并且其条件数远大于1,为严重病态矩阵,求解其对应方程组会遇到很多困难等问题,采用不完全LU分解(即上三角与下三角分解)处理的稳定双共轭梯度算法(BICGSTAB算法)求解该线性方程组,通过对层状介质和二维模型电磁响应进行计算,获得二维大地电磁的视电阻率曲线和阻抗相位曲线.研究结果表明,BICGSTAB算法具有速度快、精度高和稳定性好等优点.     

基于GEMTIP模型的CR三维有限元数值模拟

本文提出了基于广义等效介质激电(GEMTIP)模型的复电阻率三维有限元数值模拟方法,首先介绍了GEMTIP模型及在不同参数影响下的复电阻率变化特征,而后给出双点电源的复电阻率法三维正演所满足的变分问题,采用六面体单元对研究区域进行网格剖分,在单元内对复电位、复电导率均进行线性插值,将变分方程转为线性方程组;采用不完全LU分解的稳定双共轭梯度算法(BICGSTAB算法)求解线性方程组,得到异常复电位值.设计一个两层极化大地模型,将数值解与解析解进行对比,验证了文中算法的正确性.设计两个典型地电模型的数值模拟结果表明,采用GEMTIP模型研究宏观尺度下的激电效应是有效的,可为进一步研究复电阻率异常响应特征提供一种新的途径.     

用于频率域航空电磁数据的二维自动调平

研究了频率域航空电磁数据的自动调平问题.提出了一种基于一维、二维滤波处理的二维自动调平算法.零漂具有随机性且一般变化缓慢,二维滤波处理可从航电数据中求出包含局部异常和零漂的中间结果,一维滤波处理能从中间结果中求出零漂主要成分,二者结合就能从航电数据中除去大部分零漂误差.该算法只需输入简单的处理参数,实际数据处理结果表明它比以往的调平方法计算速度快、调平效果好、人为因素对结果的影响小,可有效除去零漂造成的"窗帘效应",提高视电阻率和平面剖面图质量.二维自动调平算法为频率域航空电磁数据的零漂调平提供了新的处理手段.     

大地电磁主轴各向异性二维理论模型反演分析

地下介质普遍存在各向异性,为反应地下真实地质情况,需建立各向异性模型进行研究。本文主要进行主轴各向异性大地电磁二维反演研究,采用有限单元法作为正演模拟方法,将正演响应结果与前人计算结果进行对比分析,验证了算法的正确性,并对不同方向上电阻率响应灵敏度进行分析。采用非线性共轭梯度法进行反演研究,该方法不需要直接计算雅克比矩阵,相对于其他反演方法节省了计算时间,计算效率高;目标函数的建立对于不同方向上的电阻率采用不同的正则化参数来进行约束。通过复杂的各向异性体模型进行反演,结果显示对于不同方向上电阻率的恢复以及异常体位置的圈定都取得了较好的效果,说明了反演算法的有效性。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with