超滤对苜蓿蛋白酶解物抗氧化性的影响

采用超滤法从苜蓿可溶性蛋白酶解物中初步分离纯化抗氧化活性肽.考察操作压力、操作温度及料液质量浓度对超滤过程中膜通量的影响,并对超滤前后苜蓿可溶性蛋白酶解物的相对分子质量分布、氨基酸组成及抗氧化活性进行比较.结果表明:采用截留相对分子质量3 000的聚砜膜对苜蓿可溶性蛋白酶解物进行超滤分离的最适工艺条件为操作压力0.35 Mpa、操作温度25 ℃、苜蓿可溶性蛋白酶解物质量浓度35 g/L;超滤有效地除去了料液中相对分子质量较大的组分,相对分子质量 1 000～500,500～130及130以下的组分分别从21.85%,21.64%和4.91%提高到27.91%,30.83%和7.61%,其抗氧化活性也得到提高.     

超滤去除L-乳酸发酵液中蛋白的工艺研究

采用超滤技术从L-乳酸发酵液中分离去除蛋白,研究了超滤过程中的操作压力、操作温度、超滤液的体积和料液初始浓度等主要因素,对膜通量和发酵液中蛋白质及乳酸钙2种主要组分截留率的影响;并确立了采用聚砜膜去除乳酸中蛋白工艺的最佳参数,在此条件下,蛋白质去除率达到91.5%,乳酸钙损失为2%。     

聚乙二醇超滤过程的考察及模型化分析

采用截留相对分子质量为2 500的GH超滤膜,对不同相对分子质量的聚乙二醇(PEG)溶液进行过滤分离,考察了PEG相对分子质量、浓度、超滤压力等因素对超滤过程的影响。结果表明:相同条件下超滤膜对PEG去除率随着相对分子质量和浓度的增大而增大,对PEG 4 000的截留率可以达到96.7%,但截留并不是随着压力的增大而单调增大,当PEG相对分子质量≥2 000时出现压力增大截留减小现象。同时,运用细孔模型模拟表征了GH膜的等效孔径和等效膜厚,解释了PEG超滤过程中的分离现象,分析了超滤机制的内在因素。     

翡翠贻贝糖蛋白提取工艺优化及体外抗氧化活性

以翡翠贻贝肉为原料,在单因素试验的基础上,通过响应面试验设计优化了翡翠贻贝糖蛋白提取的工艺条件.采用超滤方法获得翡翠贻贝超滤截留液糖蛋白PGFR(Pernaviridis glycoprotein of the filter remains of MW cut off 5KDa)和翡翠贻贝超滤透过液糖蛋白PGFL(Pernaviridis glycoprotein of the filter leaching of MW cut off 5KDa)2个组分,并分别评价其体外抗氧化活性.结果表明,从翡翠贻贝肉中提取糖蛋白粗提物的最佳工艺条件为提取时间61min,提取温度62℃,NaCl浓度0.2mol/L,料液比1∶1,在该条件下提取率为51.55%.体外抗氧化试验结果表明,翡翠贻贝PGFR对·OH,·O_2~-和DPPH自由基的清除率及总抗氧化能力均优于PGFL,可作为后续研究的主要对象,具有开发新型天然抗氧化剂的潜力.     

金银花中绿原酸的超滤纯化

采用超滤法纯化金银花提取液中的绿原酸.考察膜的截留相对分子质量、操作压力、原料液浓度以及pH等因素对超滤效果的影响,探讨膜通量的衰减规律,并将优化后的结果与醇沉法比较.结果表明:在考察的3种膜中,控制压力0.07 MPa、pH 3.5时截留相对分子质量50000的膜超滤效果最好.采用浓缩液回流的方式对原始浓度的提取液超滤后,浓缩液再稀释3次,继续稀释超滤,绿原酸的纯度为19.6%,是醇沉法的1.6倍,回收率为98.9%,比醇沉法高12.3%.     

超滤-纳滤技术在金毛狗脊黄酮分离纯化中的应用

通过动态提取-超滤-纳滤操作分离金毛狗脊中的总黄酮。以去离子水为溶剂,在十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)的辅助下动态循环提取金毛狗脊黄酮,并通过超滤去除大分子杂质,再用纳滤对料液进行浓缩。优化的工艺条件为:超滤操作压力0.14 MPa,温度45℃,溶液p H 6,操作时间90 min,此时超滤回收率61.30%,截留率18.52%;纳滤操作压力0.4 MPa,温度45℃,溶液p H 6,操作时间90 min,此时料液浓度提高2.190倍,纳滤回收率68.29%,截留率53.92%。与大孔树脂纯化实验相比,文中采用的分离方法能节省操作时间、提高操作效率,同时能有效提高总黄酮的浓度。     

鲭鱼罐头蒸煮液蛋白酶解产物的生物活性分析

以鲭鱼罐头蒸煮液为原料,采用生物酶解方法制备活性肽,以实现鱼罐头加工废弃液的高值化利用.研究结果表明,采用复合酶(碱性蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶)分段酶解,得到相对分子质量MW1 ku的组分占50%,高于碱性蛋白酶(30%)和胰蛋白酶(28%)单酶水解效果.进一步采用超滤方法分离酶解产物,得到不同相对分子质量范围的3个组分,其中MW1 ku的P1组分的抗氧化活性和ACE抑制效果最好.     

超滤法纯化酸枣仁提取物的工艺研究

用超滤法研究纯化酸枣仁提取物的最佳工艺.以总皂苷透过率和浸膏得率为评价指标进行正交实验设计,对操作压力(A)、滤膜的分子截流值(B)、药液浓度(C)、料液温度(D) 4个因素进行优选.结果表明,优选工艺为A1B1C2D2, 即操作压力为10 Pa,滤膜的分子截流值为1 000 u,料液浓度为100 g·L-1,料液温度为30 ℃时纯化效果最好.采用此工艺纯化酸枣仁中总皂苷的工艺操作简单可靠,纯化效率高.     

聚乙烯醇渗透汽化分离膜的研究进展

在描述聚乙烯醇(PVA)成膜工艺制取不同类型的分离膜以及PVA膜的改性处理技术的基础上,给出了PVA膜渗透汽化(PV)分离有机物/水、有机物/有机物混合物的性能,讨论了交联剂、复合膜的支撑膜、高分子网络结构等对膜分离性能的影响,并分析了PV操作参数如料液浓度、操作温度等对分离性能的影响。提出了PVA膜在今后研究开发中的3个方向。     

α-淀粉酶的超滤研究

对用超滤法浓缩分离α-淀粉酶过程进行了研究,讨论了料液浓度、膜面液体流速、操作压力等因素对超滤过程的影响。实验结果表明,用醋酸纤维素超滤浓缩α-淀粉酶的过程可用扩散模型来描述,超滤时宜控制压力在0.3～0.4MPa范围内。用超滤法能有效地浓缩α-淀粉酶,酶的总回收率大于90％。此外,通过实验建立了分离过程的传质模型,为超滤法浓缩α-淀粉酶的工业设计提供了依据。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that