卡拉胶固定化Nocardia sp.生产L(+)酒石酸

采用卡拉胶包埋具有环氧琥珀酸水解酶活性的诺卡氏菌菌体用于生产酒石酸。固定化的最适卡拉胶浓度为20 g/L,菌体浓度为200 g/L,交联剂戊二醛浓度为5 g/L,固定化后的酶活回收率可以达到70%。高浓度的环氧琥珀酸对水解反应产生抑制作用,游离细胞的米氏常数(Km)为0.234 m o l/L,抑制常数(KI)为0.22 m o l/L,固定化细胞则分别为0.31 m o l/L和0.21 m o l/L。游离细胞和固定化细胞反应的最适pH分别为8.0和8.5。细胞固定化以后,耐热稳定性增强。30°C 0.2m o l/L的底物浓度下,摇瓶中连续转化25批,L( )酒石酸的转化率接近100%。     

海藻酸钠复合载体固定化细胞拆分D,L－泛解酸内酯的研究

研究了海藻酸钠及其与聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)和聚乙烯醇(PVA)的复合载体对镰孢霉菌(Fusarium oxysporum BU-11)细胞的固定，该固定化细胞被用于手性拆分D,L-泛解酸内酯的反应体系。实验表明，海藻酸钠固定化细胞具有较好的扩散性和强度，在水解试验中与游离细胞相比，酶活收率可达到80%以上，而且具有较好的温度和批次反应稳定性，在底物质量浓度为200 g/L的3L搅拌式反应器中6h水解反应20批,水解率可以保持在初始的80%左右。PVA和PAM的加入可增强固定化细胞的强度，前者对酶活影响不大，后者使酶活略有增加。     

诺卡氏菌催化环氧琥珀酸水解反应的影响因素

诺卡氏菌经超声波破碎后，环氧琥珀酸水解酶活性比完整细胞提高40倍以上，表明细胞通透性对酶的表现活性影响很大。用顺式环氧琥珀酸二钠溶液处理诺卡氏菌细胞，可使细胞的通透性提高，表观环氧琥珀酸水解酶活增大，转化反应时间缩短。底物不存在时，诺卡氏菌细胞的环氧琥珀酸水解酶在37℃不稳定，游离细胞的表观酶活半衰期为19min，破碎细胞酶活仅10．4min，表明内源蛋白酶是造成破碎细胞环氧琥珀酸水解酶不稳定的重要原因。完整诺卡氏菌细胞于37℃放置后再将细胞破碎，环氧琥珀酸水解酶的半衰期为144min，表明37℃放置后细胞通透性受到较大影响。存在底物时完整诺卡氏菌细胞于37℃放置后表现酶活基本不变。     

阻垢剂聚环氧琥珀酸生物降解性能研究

研究了聚环氧琥珀酸(PESA)生物降解性能及影响生物降解的因素.影响生物降解的因素有:营养盐的氮磷比例,聚环氧琥珀酸的浓度,降解时间,降解温度,溶解氧等.当C∶N∶P为100∶20∶1时,聚环氧琥珀酸浓度为5 mg.L-1,温度为20℃,溶解氧足量,聚环氧琥珀酸28 d的降解率为73.7%.对照OECD301B标准,聚环氧琥珀酸属于易生物降解物质.     

固定化增殖酵母细胞技术研究

本文介绍了在一定载体中,固定化完整酵母细胞的制备和增殖方法.关键是研究化学稳定性好、机械强度大、发酵能力强的固定化酵母.实验结果表明:固定化酵母细胞可以反复使用、大大缩短发酵周期,用于液态白酒,糖蜜酒精及蜂蜜酒的生产是可行的.     

单柱离子排斥色谱法测定葡萄酒中的多种有机酸

用单柱离子排斥色谱法分离结合电导检测同时测定了多种有机酸(酒石酸、柠檬酸、苹果酸、甲酸、乙酸和琥珀酸).实验过程中,对流动相组成,流动相pH值变化对各种有机酸保留时间的影响作了详细的探讨.结果表明,在室温下,用2mmol/L(pH3 4)的苯甲酸为流动相,多种有机酸可以得到较好的分离,该法用于葡萄酒中各种有机酸的测定,结果令人满意.     

固定化米曲霉氨基酰化酶拆分DL-茶氨酸

研究固定化米曲霉Aspergillus oryzae AS3.381氨基酰化酶细胞拆分DL-茶氨酸制备L-茶氨酸的最佳工艺条件.将DL-茶氨酸乙酰化为N-乙酰-DL-茶氨酸,利用固定化米曲霉细胞立体专一性去乙酰化,可以获得L-茶氨酸,并分析固定化条件对比酶活的影响.结果显示:最适固定化条件为戊二醛浓度0.5%、交联时间2 h、温度55℃、pH8.0、底物0.2 mol/L、菌液比12 g菌体/100 mL戊二醛溶液,此时拆分率可达98%以上.菌体重复操作7批次,固定化细胞仍保留最高酶活的75%.与直接利用游离菌体转化相比,本法具有反应温度高、酶活高且稳定、能反复利用、酶活损失少等优点.     

固定化蜡质芽孢杆菌处理制革废水中Cr(Ⅵ)的条件优化

为了高效去除制革废水中的Cr(Ⅵ),实验采用粉末活性炭包埋蜡质芽孢杆菌(Bacilluscereus)制成固定化细胞颗粒,并探讨了该颗粒去除Cr(Ⅵ)的效果。结果表明,在pH值5.0、温度37℃、Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度小于10mg/L、颗粒用量0.5g/mL左右时,Cr(Ⅵ)去除率较大;在最优条件下,固定化细胞颗粒处理Cr(Ⅵ)的效果比未加菌体的固定化颗粒和Bacillus cereus单独处理时的效果都好。研究表明,固定化Bacillus cereus细胞颗粒可以作为一种新的生物材料,处理制革废水中的Cr(Ⅵ)。     

固定化葡萄糖异构酶的制备和性质

引言酶是蛋白质,是具有高度专一性与高效率的生物催化剂。由于酶有容易失活,不能多次使用等缺点,因此使酶的应用受到限制。将酶固定在不溶性载体上,即制成固定化酶,则稳定性增加,并可反复使用。固定化酶技术已为许多国家研究和应用。由于酶的纯化比较麻烦,而且费用较高,近年来又发展了直接将酶固定在菌体内或将产酶菌体固定在载体上,即固定化细胞。使用固定化细胞或固定化酶,能达到同一目的,而前者可以最大限度地提高酶的效率,能降低成本,因此目前对固定化细胞的研究不断深入,品种也不断增加。葡萄糖异构酶可以把葡萄糖转化为果糖。许多国家为了解决食糖供应不足的困难,正在利用淀粉作原料,用葡萄糖异构酶进行转化,生产异构糖,这种糖含有45%的果糖和55%的葡萄糖,甜度与蔗糖相仿,类似蜂蜜香味,可以代替蔗糖用于食品工业。这种糖此蔗糖更     

不同饲料组分作为固定化细胞载体制备丁酸纳饲料添加剂的可行性研究

本研究将米糠作为固定化载体,构建了一种新型的外置式纤维床反应器,应用于固定化发酵产丁酸实验。以酪丁酸梭菌为发酵菌株,进行了游离细胞和固定化细胞发酵比较。结果表明,固定化细胞分批发酵丁酸生产率为0.48 g·L~(-1)·h~(-1),比游离分批发酵提高了55%。重复分批发酵8个批次的丁酸浓度平均值为21.05 g/L,可以稳定多批次运行。米糠对丁酸钠的吸附模拟实验表明,米糠对丁酸钠的吸附量为0.02～0.08 g/g。固定化发酵后的米糠会吸附产物丁酸钠,吸附量为0.105 g/g,这有利于将反应后的米糠直接用来生产含丁酸钠的饲料添加剂。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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