直线、平面投影特性记忆方法的探讨

掌握直线、平面的投影特性是绘制复杂组合体三视图的作图基础,本文通过对空间直线、平面三面投影图形的分析,归纳总结了直线和平面的投影特性,得出了三条结论,并通过实例分析验证了结论的可靠性。该结论便于学生掌握直线、平面的投影特性,并能快速的判断直线、平面的相对位置。     

中心投影与平行投影椭圆对应关系的研究

根据同素性、从属性和等简比、等交比的特性,研究了透视对应中空间圆与投影椭圆之间的特性和变化规律,得出了同族变化定理、视角交比相关定理、等交比定理、平行二重直线对应线段的等简比定理、双心几何定理、透视椭圆定理,建立了中心投影和平行投影之间的几何对应关系,解决了透视椭圆的作图问题.     

空间射影变换法在解决二阶曲面轴测投影轮廓线及阴影中的应用

本文运用空间配极、透射和位似的理论和方法,探讨了一般非退变二阶曲面投影轮廓线上点与点之间的几何关系,得出曲面投影轮廓线的射影规律及其作图方法。利用这一规律和作图方法,可以解决任意位置的非退变二阶曲面的投影轮廓线的作图问题。在绘制曲面的平行轴测投影轮廓线、中心轴测投影轮廓线以及曲面的阴影的实践中证明,其方法简捷、准确、实用性强。     

Desargues逆命题证明的射影几何学方法

藉助射影几何的理论，通过将直线投影到无穷远，将两相交直线投影成两平行直线及任意四边形投影成平行四边形。首先给出Desargues逆命题在平面域内的证明，然后用射影几何方法构造了一个辅助三点形，利用Desargues定理证得了两异面三点形对应边的交点共线，再用如上所述平面域内所得的结论证得了两同面三点形对应顶点的连线共点。最终得到了该逆命题在空间域内的证明。     

Desargues逆命题证明的射影几何学方法

藉助射影几何的理论,通过将直线投影到无穷远,将两相交直线投影成两平行直线及任意四边形投影成平行四边形。首先给出Desargues逆命题在平面域内的证明,然后用射影几何方法构造了一个辅助三点形,利用Desargues定理证得了两异面三点形对应边的交点共线,再用如上所述平面域内所得的结论证得了两同面三点形对应顶点的连线共点。最终得到了该逆命题在空间域内的证明。     

投影变换在斜孔加工确定工艺角度方面的应用

论证了直线投影变换的倾角与投影角之间的关系,并给出了几个重要公式。结合实际,指出了它们在生产加工确定工艺角度方面的具体应用。     

空间一般位置平面角等于投影角的条件

画法几何学中,某些特定的空间平面角与其投影后的角度关系,都用直观的几何方法给予论证,但对空间由两投影面倾斜直线组成的一般位置平面角与其投影后的角度关系,未能得出完整的解答。本文用解析方法,得出了空间由两倾斜直线所组成的一般位置平面角等于、大于或小于其投影角度的一般规律,提出了在投影图上作空间一般位置平面角等于其投影角的简便方法。最后,用本文原理证明了凸正多角星凸表面展成一完整星形的条件及计算方法,指出了板金工书籍中凸五角星凸表面展开图作法的缺陷,并提出完整和简便的作图方法。     

CAD绘图功能在赤平投影中的应用

在数学解析的基础上，根据平面和直线赤平投影的几何特征，利用CAD绘图功能制作平面、直线的赤平投影；研究并解决了用CAD绘图替代传统的赤平投影网操作法必须解决的几个关键操作问题：应用CAD绘图功能对常见几何要素素之间的关系进行图解分析和角距关系方面的定量求解。从而使CAD绘图很方便的应用于地质构造分析。     

透视对应法图示曲面交线

本文应用透视对应原理探讨了不具有公共对称面、轴位交错的二次曲面的交线作图方法;并研究了不位于环面内的经圆、纬圆、Villarseau圆、Manheim圆的直线与环面交点准确作图问题,从而为求解直纹曲面与环面交线上的特球点,开辟了一条新途径;在涉及到二次曲面的投影轮廓为抛物线作图中,如果利用方法进行绘制,本文解决了焦心确定问题,以适于通常给定的几何条件。     

圆弧投影与相贯作图

阐述了圆弧投影在有关直轴线截面为椭圆的曲面体相贯作图中的应用，用圆弧投影解决了传统作图法在这类类相贯问题中的中间作图－双曲线和其他几何元素的示交问题。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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