热环境中功能梯度材料Euler梁的自由振动

研究功能梯度材料Euler梁在温度场作用下的屈曲和自由振动行为.在精确考虑轴线伸长基础上,建立功能梯度Euler梁在热载荷作用下的几何非线性控制方程.将控制方程的响应分解为热过屈曲静态解和振动解两部分,得到功能梯度材料梁在热过屈曲构型附近小振幅线性自由振动的微分方程.其中,假设功能梯度的材料性质沿厚度方向按照幂函数连续变化,采用打靶法数值求解所得强非线性边值问题,获得在横向升温场内两端固定Euler梁的热过屈曲平衡路径以及前三阶固有频率的数值解.分析和讨论梁的材料梯度参数、温度场分布参数等因素对过屈曲变形和振动响应的影响.     

非保守功能梯度材料简支梁在过屈曲附近的振动响应

研究了受沿轴线分布切向随动载荷作用下功能梯度材料简支梁在过屈曲前后的自由振动问题.基于可伸长梁的大变形理论,建立了功能梯度材料梁在随动非保守载荷下的大挠度动力学控制方程.其中,假设功能梯度材料性质沿梁厚度方向按成分含量百分比的幂指数形式连续变化.采用打靶法求解振动问题的控制方程,得到了前三阶固有频率的数值解,给出了不同材料梯度指数下前三阶固有频率随载荷变化的关系曲线,分析和讨论了梁的材料梯度指数对梁振动响应的影响.     

高阶剪切理论下梯度直梁在热环境中的静动态响应分析

基于高阶剪切变形梁理论研究了两端不可移简支功能梯度梁在横向非均匀升温下的热屈曲和自由振动问题。首先依据高阶剪切变形梁理论和Hamilton原理建立了功能梯度梁受热-机载荷共同作用下的几何非线性动力学控制方程;在研究静态热屈曲问题时,把方程退化成强非线性边值问题,采用打靶法数值求解该边值问题,获得了横向非均匀升温下梁的屈曲构型,绘出了梁的变形随温度载荷及材料梯度参数变化的特征关系曲线;研究动态响应时,采用Navier方法数值求解所建立的动力学控制方程,获得了横向非均匀升温下梁的自由振动响应,数值比较了不同剪切理论下梁的前3解固有频率随跨高比、材料梯度参数变化的规律。结果表明,剪切变形、梁的跨高比、材料的非均匀性、温度变化对于高阶剪切功能梯度材料梁的变形及固有频率有很显著的影响。     

功能梯度梁在点间隙约束下的热过屈曲响应

研究具有点间隙约束的两端固定的功能梯度梁在横向非均匀升温下的过屈曲行为.基于轴向可伸长EulerBernoulli梁的几何非线性理论,建立横向非均匀升温下功能梯度梁在点间隙约束下的过屈曲大变形控制方程,将问题归结为含有7个基本未知函数的非线性常微分方程边值问题.假设功能梯度梁的材料性质沿厚度方向按照幂函数变化;点间隙约束位于梁的中点上下两侧,且间隙值是在梁的热过屈曲变形范围之内.采用打靶法数值求解所得强非线性两点边值问题,获得横向非均匀升温下两端固定功能梯度梁的热过屈曲响应.着重分析梁的中心挠度达到给定间隙值而受到点约束后的热过屈曲变形和内力的变化特性,给出与中点约束力相关的平衡构形和平衡路径曲线.     

基于振型分解法的磁流变液夹层梁动力特性分析

为准确地模拟磁流变液夹层梁在不同磁场强度及作用位置下的振动特性,获得其阻尼变化规律,对于磁流变液复合结构的动力性能研究具有重要意义。通过ABAQUS的Frequency与Modal dynamics振型分解求解方法,研究了填充两种磁流变液的双层铝条夹层梁在不同条件磁场作用下的自由振动特性。结果表明:采用振型叠加法可以简单、有效地实现对磁流变液夹层梁构件自由振动过程的模拟;基于Cohesive单元构建的磁流变液阻尼计算方法能够准确地获取磁流变液夹层梁在自由振动过程中的模态及其运动状态;通过对模拟结果的分析,可将结构阻尼和材料阻尼分离,达到深入剖析试验结果的目的。该方法可用于磁流变液复合结构在不同激振条件下的动力响应的模拟分析。     

基于有限体积法求解FGM动态响应及固有特性

采用有限体积法研究功能梯度材料(FGM)的动态响应及固有特性.基于交错非结构有限体积方法离散弹性动力学方程,通过显格式推进求解离散方程.加速度、速度及位移定义在网格节点上,物性参数定义在网格单元中心.采用双线性四边形单元和常应变三角形单元处理混合网格问题.数值模拟FGM试件的动态响应及固有频率,结果表明所提方法可以有效地模拟功能梯度材料动态响应及固有频率.     

轴向运动体系非线性振动分析的多元L-P方法

采用多元L-P方法分析轴向运动体系的非线性振动.根据哈密顿原理建立梁的横向运动微分方程,利用Galerkin方法离散运动方程.研究了轴向运动梁在强迫力作用下的内部共振问题,获得了反映内部共振复杂的频率-振幅响应曲线.算例表明推广的多元L-P法是一个适合于轴向运动体系非线性振动分析的好的定量方法.     

FGM梁临界屈曲载荷的改进型GDQ法分析

研究了功能梯度材料(FGM)梁在轴向静载荷作用下的屈曲问题.首先,基于一阶剪切变形梁理论(FSBT),应用最小势能原理,建立了以轴向位移、挠度及转角为基本未知函数功能梯度Timoshenko梁屈曲的控制微分方程.其次,通过引入边界条件控制参数,采用一种改进型广义微分求积法(MGDQ)数值研究了4种典型边界功能梯度Timoshenko与Euler梁的屈曲特性.算例结果表明:本文的分析方法切实可行、行之有效.最后,着重分析了梁理论、边界条件、梯度变化指数、跨厚比对FGM梁临界屈曲载荷的影响.     

功能梯度材料Timoshenko梁的非线性大变形分析

采用打靶法研究了两端不可移简支功能梯度Timoshenko梁在横向非均匀升温下的大挠度弯曲问题.在精确考虑轴线伸长和基于一阶横向剪切变形理论的基础上建立了功能梯度Timoshenko梁受热-机载荷作用时的几何非线性控制方程,其中功能梯度梁的材料性质采用了沿厚度方向按照幂函数连续变化的形式.用打靶法数值求解所得强非线性边值问题,获得了横向非均匀升温时Timoshenko梁的静态非线性大变形数值解.绘出了梁的变形随温度载荷及材料梯度参数变化的特性关系曲线,并分析和讨论了温度载荷及材料的梯度性质参数对梁变形的影响.结果表明,由于材料的非均匀性,功能梯度梁中存在拉-弯耦合变形.     

功能梯度材料板在周期温度边界条件下的温度响应

在热载荷作用下,功能梯度材料板结构内部将产生温度场,变形场以及应力场等.通过解析推导和数值计算获得功能梯度板在不同组份材料体积分数分布以及不同边界温度频率下的温度响应.采用摄动法和分离变量法,得到功能梯度材料板内温度响应的解析表达式.作为算例,考虑材料组份沿板厚方向按幂律变化的情形,计算并讨论不同梯度因子、边界温度频率对陶瓷-金属梯度材料板内温度响应的影响.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.