Identification of the candidate genes associated with cellular rejection in pig-to-human xenotransplantation

To identify the genes associated with cellular rejection in pig-to-human xenotransplantation, the suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) was used in screening the up-regulated genes from a co-culture of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and porcine vascular endothelial cell line PIEC. The up-regulated cDNAs were cloned into pGEM-T Easy vector and then sequenced. Nucleic acid homology searches were performed using the BLAST program. A subtracted cDNA library including about 300 clones with the expected up-regulated genes was obtained. Twenty-four of these clones were analyzed by sequencing and homology comparison was made. These clones represent the genes of human perforin (PRF1), proteasome, lymphocyte specific interferon regulatory factor/interferon regulatory factor 4 (LSIRF/IRF 4), muscleblind-like (MBNL) protein and a porcine expressed sequence tag (EST) which has 81% homology with human oxidative-stress responsive 1 (OSR 1). These genes might be the candidate genes which are associated with cellular rejection in pig-to-human xenotransplantation.     

大蕉冷诱导差减文库的构建与分析

以低温处理的大蕉幼苗cDNA为检测子,未处理的大蕉幼苗cDNA为驱赶子,利用抑制性差减杂交技术(suppression subtractive hybridization,SSH)构建了大蕉幼苗冷诱导差减cDNA文库,通过点杂交差异筛选cD-NA文库,得到约50个低温下表达增强的候选克隆,对其进行DNA测序和同源性比较,发现获得的ESTs在功能上主要涉及信号传导、表达调控、非生物胁迫防御、蛋白质加工和能量代谢等方面。该SSH文库的构建为克隆大蕉抗寒相关基因奠定了基础。     

Construction and characterization of a normalized whole-life-cycle cDNA library of rice

A cDNA library with genomic complete coverage is a powerful tool for functional genomic studies.For studying the functions of rice genes on a large scale,a normalized whole-life-cycle cDNA library is constructed based on the strategy of saturation hybridization with genomic DNA using rice cultivar Minghui 63,an elite restorer line for a number of rice hybrids that are widely cultivated in China,This library consists of cDNA from 15 directionally cloned cDNA libraries constructed with different tissues from 9 developmental stages.For normalization,the denatured plasmids purified from the 15 directionally cloned libraries are mixed and hybridized with saturated genomic DNA labeled with magnetic beads in two complementary systems. Well-matched plasmids are captured from the hybridized genomic DNA and electroporated into competent DH10B E. coli for construction of the normalized whole-life-cycle cDNA library.This library consists of 62000 clones with an average insert length about 1.4kb.Inverse Northern blotting shows that this cDNA library included many rarely expressed genes and tissue-specific genes.Sequencing of 10750 cDNA clones of this library reveals 6399 unique EST s(expressed sequence tags),indicating that the non-redundancy of the library is about 59.5%.This library has been used to make cDNA microarrays for functional genomic studies.     

青岛文昌鱼核糖体蛋白Amphil11基因的克隆和同源性分析

对青岛文昌鱼18小时神经胚cDNA文库进行测序，获得了5个AmphiL11的EST，经接接得到文昌鱼核糖体蛋白AmphiL11的编码完整的cDNA序列并演绎出AmphiL11的氨基酸序列，通过对AmphiL11蛋白的结构分析及其与人、鼠、鱼等脊柱动物和果蝇、线虫等无脊动物及酵母中同种核糖体蛋白的同源性分析，发现AmphiL11与脊柱动物核糖体L11蛋白的同源性很高，与高等无脊椎动物甚至酵母的同源性也较高，提示AmphiL11具有较高的进化水平，更接近于脊椎动物的核糖体蛋白L11。同时也表明，真核生物核糖体蛋白L11具有高度的保守性。     

扩展莫尼茨绦虫DAZ基因的分离和cDNA序列分析

为进一步研究扩展莫尼茨绦虫并以其作为模式生物提供基础。通过构建的扩展莫尼茨绦虫成虫cDNA文库,随机挑取重组阳性克隆进行测序,对部分序列进行引物步移法测序,获取其全长cDNA序列;采用生物信息学等技术对该cDNA序列进行开放阅读框(ORF)的寻找、编码氨基酸的推导、核苷酸和氨基酸同源性比较以及蛋白质结构的初步预测。结果显示:获得了1个扩展莫尼茨绦虫新基因DAZ基因,cDNA全长1905bp,包含1个完整的ORF,编码562个氨基酸,登录号为:GH291478。蛋白理论分子量为61.3169kD,等电点为4.77,不稳定系数50.27,脂肪系数65.04,总平均亲水性-0.472。二级结构预测该蛋白有1个跨膜区域,以无规卷曲(L)为主,没有二硫键结合位点。本研究成功分离扩展莫尼茨绦虫DAZ基因。     

Identification of genes associated with cotyledon senescence in upland cotton

Leaf senescence in plants is an essential develop- mental phase, and an understanding of senescence is important not only for pure scientific reasons, but also for practical purposes. During the last decade, a number of senescence-associated genes (SAGs) …     

库拉索芦荟6号染色体表达序列标签的研究

将微分离的库拉索芦荟(Alove vera[L.] Burm.f)6号染色体DNA及库拉索芦荟叶总cDNA分别用LA-PCR(linker adaptor polymerase chain reaction)方法扩增,然后采用杂交片段扩增技术(hybrid specific amplification,HSA)分离6号染色体与cDNA同源的表达序列片段.对表达序列片段进行克隆,得到约40000个重组子.随机选取96个克隆进行分析,分别用DIG标记6号染色体的LA-PCR产物和cDNA扩增产物作探针对其进行点杂交,对显示阳性信号的克隆进行测序.将库拉索芦荟6号染色体的表达序列标签(expressed sequence tags, EST)与GenBank中核苷酸进行比较,发现库拉索芦荟6号染色体的表达序列中有87.4%与植物的EST具有同源性,12.6%的EST与人或动物的EST具有较弱同源性,其中与石刁柏的EST及非生物素胁迫下的小麦(Triticum aestivum)、咖啡(coffee)、高梁(Sorghum bicolor)和菠萝(pineapple)等作物的EST具有很高的同源性(＞93%).     

Isolation and expression pattern analysis of novel ESTs from human fetal brain

In order to learn the mechanism of brain development and differentiation, 90 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were isolated by differential display from the cerebrum and cerebellum of 13-week and 33-week fetal brains. After searching database, 74 of them represented novel genes, some of them were homologous to the brain development related genes. Using total cDNA probes, 79 of the ESTs and their expression differences in fetal brain were further characterized.     

Use of suppression subtractive hybridization strategy for cloning and identifying specifically expressed genes of renal cell carcinoma

Using suppression subtractive hybridization, a renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cDNA subtractive library which only contains differently expressed cDNAs between human RCC and normal kidney has been constructed. 200 clones were picked out randomly to perform enzyme digest analysis, a part of them underwent sequence analysis and Northern blot to identify RCC specially expressed genes. Results showed that 190 clones contain 50—400 bp inserts respectively. Sequence analysis was performed in 10 clones. All the 10 sequences were unknown before and derived from 6 unique novel genes among which the cDNA insert RCC18 has five copies. Northern blot analysis showed that RCC18 cDNA expressed highly in RCC, but there was no signal detected in normal kidney, and the full length of RCC18 was about 2.5 kb. The constructed cDNA subtractive library of human RCC is a highly efficient one and lays the solid foundation for large-scale screening and cloning new and specific oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes of RCC. The novel specially expressed genes provided an important clue for researching the mechanism of the occurrence and development of RCC.     

Novel precursor of Alzheimer's disease amyloid protein shows protease inhibitory activity

Alzheimer's disease is characterized by cerebral deposits of amyloid beta-protein (AP) as senile plaque core and vascular amyloid, and a complementary DNA encoding a precursor of this protein (APP) has been cloned from human brain. From a cDNA library of a human glioblastoma cell line, we have isolated a cDNA identical to that previously reported, together with a new cDNA which contains a 225-nucleotide insert. The sequence of the 56 amino acids at the N-terminal of the protein deduced from this insert is highly homologous to the basic trypsin inhibitor family, and the lysate from COS-1 cells transfected with the longer APP cDNA showed an increased inhibition of trypsin activity. Partial sequencing of the genomic DNA encoding APP showed that the 225 nucleotides are located in two exons. At least three messenger RNA species, apparently transcribed from a single APP gene by alternative splicing, were found in human brain. We suggest that protease inhibition by the longer APP(s) could be related to aberrant APP catabolism.     

厚壳贻贝足腺cDNA文库的构建及部分EST序列分析

为获得厚壳贻贝足腺组织的EST序列标签以及可能的功能基因序列,以pCMVsport6质粒为载体构建了高质量的厚壳贻贝足腺组织cDNA文库,文库滴度为1.31×107pfu/mL,重组率为98%,平均插入片段为1.3kb.通过对文库部分克隆的序列测定,获得了11个新基因和17个功能基因,其中包括部分与厚壳贻贝足丝相关的基因.厚壳贻足腺组织cD-NA文库的成功构建为将来筛选与厚壳贻贝足丝蛋白相关的新基因,系统研究其黏附机制奠定了基础.     

王锦蛇(Elaphe carinata)Sox基因保守区的克隆及测序

参照人SRY基因HMG-box保守区序列设计一对兼并引物,PCR扩增了王锦蛇的Sox基因,采用SSCP技术筛选阳性克隆,并对其进行了测序.结果在雌雄个体中共筛选出4个Sox基因,其中一个为雌性独有,显示出性别差异性;4个Sox基因DNA序列及编码的氨基酸序列与人相应SOX基因的相似性分别为91%、91%、92%、91%和96%、98%、96%、96%,显示出高度的保守性.实验结果为王锦蛇的性别决定机制研究提供了分子资料.     

Identical V beta T-cell receptor genes used in alloreactive cytotoxic and antigen plus I-A specific helper T cells

T lymphocytes involved in the cellular immune response carry cell-surface receptors responsible for antigen and self recognition. This T-cell receptor molecule is a heterodimeric protein consisting of disulphide-linked alpha- and beta-chains with variable (V) and constant (C) regions. Several complementary DNA and genomic DNA clones have been isolated and characterized. These analyses showed that the genomic arrangement and rearrangement of T-cell receptor genes using VT, diversity (DT), joining (JT) and CT gene segments is very similar to the structure of the known immunoglobulin genes. We have isolated two cDNA clones from an allospecific cytotoxic T cell, one of which shows a productive V beta-J beta-C beta 1 rearrangement without an intervening D beta segment. This V beta gene segment is identical to the V beta gene expressed in a helper T-cell clone specific for chicken red blood cells and H-21. The other clone carries the C beta 2 gene of the T-cell receptor, but the C beta 2 sequence is preceded by a DNA sequence that does not show any similarity to V beta or J beta sequences.     

Monitoring gene expression by cDNA array

A new method designated cDNA array was developed by hybridization of quantitatively arrayed DNA samples isolated randomly from a cDNA library with probes reverse-transcribed from mRNAs of different sources or treatments. The gene expression patterns of 1 000 randomly chosen clones from an Arabidopsis library were analyzed with green seedlings versus suspension cells and seedlings irradiated under UV light. Northern blot and sequence analysis of some differentially expressed clones confirmed the results revealed by cDNA array, indicating that this method is efficient and reliable to monitor gene expression.     

青岛文昌鱼核糖体蛋白AmphiL 37a基因的克隆和同源性分析

对青岛文昌鱼神经胚cDNA进行测序,获得了3个AmphiL 37a的EST,经拼接得到编码文昌鱼核糖体蛋白的AmphiL37a基因全长cDNA序列并演绎出AmphiL37a的氨基酸序列.通过对AmphiL37a蛋白的结构分析及其与多种脊椎动物和无脊椎动物中同种蛋白的同源性进行比较,发现AmphiL37a具有典型的四个半胱氨酸的锌指结构,与人、鼠、鸡的L37a,尤其与果蝇、隐板石鳖等高等无脊椎动物核糖体L37a具有较高的同源性,说明文昌鱼在进化上更接近于高等无脊椎动物;同时说明核糖体蛋白L37a基因在进化上具有较高保守性.