多组元有心力势体系的关联性质

本文从BBGKY方程链出发,给出了处于热平衡状态的多组元有心力势体系的二体密度关联函数的一般公式,得出了包含两种不同粒子并同时考虑粒子间的库仑相互作用及非库仑相互作用的体系的关联性质。另外,还给出了含有三种不同粒子的体系的二体密度关联函数。本文结果对于研究液体和稠密气体的物理化学性质是有意义的。     

用两比特海森堡XY模型实现量子稠密编码

文章主要研究在有限温度下,外加磁场和DM相互作用对两比特海森堡XY模型中实现量子稠密编码的影响。通过稠密编码的信道容量表达式分析了每个参数对稠密编码的影响并且发现平均耦合常数J-,DM相互作用和各向异性参数J＋对稠密编码起积极作用。均匀磁场B和非均匀磁场b对稠密编码起消极作用。     

飞秒激光场中μ子催化聚变的轨迹分析

基于激光与稠密等离子体相互作用的机理，讨论了μ子催化核聚变反应后的混合物中μ子在飞秒激光场中的轨迹。将μ子催化核聚变反应后的混合物处理为稠密等离子体，随着线偏振激光的介入．μ子将进行有规律的漂移。结果显示，当激光的峰值强度为10^21W／cm^2时，μ子发生了较大的漂移．漂移的方向为激光的传播方向。μ子可以从混合物的表层穿透，脱离聚变产物，变成自由粒子，而这一过程所需要的时间非常短，远小于激光的一个脉冲周期。另外，相同参数激光的介入对于其他粒子的轨迹影响又非常小。在一定程度上，避免了催化剂μ子在催化核聚变反应后被Ⅱ粒子捕获而失去催化的能力，提高了催化率、     

零质量粒子的数学解

对于相互作用的两个基本粒子,如果两粒子之间的相互作用极强,当粒子的势函数满足一定的条件时,由量子力学基本原理很容易得出,两粒子可以形成零质量状态。即两粒子通过强烈的相互作用,将自身所含能量全部释放出来,形成一个质量为零的粒子。由量子力学分析易知,零质量粒子的形成过程,也是粒子的湮灭过程。     

粒子质量与相互作用

本文对比了牛顿力学、相对论及粒子物理中质量的物理本质,从相互作用的角度分析论述了物质质量的动力学意义,探讨了粒子质量之间的简单关系。     

纳米粒子嫁接嵌段共聚物体系的自组装模拟研究

基于非格点模型,结合自洽场理论中的能量表达式,运用蒙特卡洛模拟方法对嫁接有嵌段共聚物的纳米粒子进行自组装模拟研究。每一个纳米粒子表面上嫁接有多条相同性质的AB嵌段共聚物,其中组分之间存在一定的相互作用。通过改变组分之间的相互作用来对纳米粒子-嵌段共聚物体系的自组装结构进行研究。通过模拟发现:当一个纳米粒子-嵌段共聚物体系只存在A-B组分相互排斥作用时,其纳米粒子-嵌段共聚物中的A组分与B组分相分离,若同时还存在A-A(B-B)组分相互吸引作用时,其A-A(B-B)组分会相融合。同时还发现随着纳米粒子表面上的嵌段共聚物数量的减少,其嵌段共聚物黏附在纳米粒子表面的现象越明显。还研究了两个纳米粒子-嵌段共聚物体系的自组装模拟,并对其体系受两个纳米粒子之间距离的影响进行了研究。通过上述研究模拟发现,纳米粒子-嵌段共聚物的相结构以及其"最适"稳定态受组分之间的相互作用势和纳米粒子之间的距离的影响。     

H粒子的结构

在手征SU(3)夸克模型中,用夸克与标量介子九重态和赝标介子九重态场的耦合来描述中长程相互作用,用单胶子交换来描述短程相互作用.推广的手征SU(3)夸克模型是在原来手征SU(3)夸克模型的基础上进一步引入了夸克和矢量介子九重态场的耦合,主要由矢量介子交换来描述短程相互作用.笔者利用手征SU(3)夸克模型和推广手征SU(3)夸克模型,在两集团组态下研究了H粒子的结构.结果表明, NΞ和∑∑耦合道对H粒子提供比较大的吸引相互作用,两集团之间的夸克交换效应也提供吸引相互作用,它们都有助于H粒子束缚态的形成.另外,通过和手征SU(3)夸克模型的结果比较,发现两种不同的短程相互作用机制对H粒子定性的描述是一致的.     

分维度随相互作用的变化

讨论了粒子之间的相互作用对其分形聚集的影响.根据SAK模型导出了分维度与相互作用能的关系,结果表明:随着粒子间相互吸引能的增加,聚集的分维度减小.从而解释了现有的实验结果和计算机模拟结果.     

粒子物理标准模型引论第二版

粒子物理研究能量低于2TeV的体系,即轻子和夸克等基本粒子之间的弱、电磁和强相互作用。本书以简明、易懂的方式介绍了粒子物理的标准模型,对强相互作用的理论发展、物质-反物质不对称性以及中微子物理的进展进行了评述。自本书第一版出版的8年以来,粒子物理标准模型的最主要进展认为：     

计及三体相互作用下凝聚体中孤立子的性质

计及凝聚体中粒子三体之间的相互作用,解析地研究了其中的孤立子性质。结果表明,计及三体相互作用下玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体中的暗孤子仍然能够稳定地传播。而且三体相互作用对凝聚体中的孤立子性质有重要的影响,随着三体相互作用强度的增强,暗孤子的幅度尽管保持不变,但其宽度却变窄。     

KELBG势在高温、稠密氢等离子体压强中的应用

采用直接蒙特卡洛路径积分方法计算了稠密氢等离子体的物态方程.为了充分考虑电子的量子效应,以Kelbg势作为电子-电子,电子-离子相互作用势.给出了完整的物态方程公式及数值解,并进行了讨论.     

How many-particle interactions develop after ultrafast excitation of an electron-hole plasma.

Electrostatic coupling between particles is important in many microscopic phenomena found in nature. The interaction between two isolated point charges is described by the bare Coulomb potential, but in many-body systems this interaction is modified as a result of the collective response of the screening cloud surrounding each charge carrier. One such system involves ultrafast interactions between quasi-free electrons in semiconductors-which are central to high-speed and future quantum electronic devices. The femtosecond kinetics of nonequilibrium Coulomb systems has been calculated using static and dynamical screening models that assume the instantaneous formation of interparticle correlations. However, some quantum kinetic theories suggest that a regime of unscreened bare Coulomb collisions might exist on ultrashort timescales. Here we monitor directly the temporal evolution of the charge-charge interactions after ultrafast excitation of an electron-hole plasma in GaAs. We show that the onset of collective behaviour such as Coulomb screening and plasmon scattering exhibits a distinct time delay of the order of the inverse plasma frequency, that is, several 10(-14) seconds.     

模拟气固流化系统的数值方法

针对气固两相流动的基本特征,采用流体连续、颗粒离散的处理方法,把受流体作用的颗粒运动过程分解为受颗粒冲力支配的碰撞运动及受流体曳力控制的悬浮运动,从而建立了模拟气固流化系统的数值方法．该方法能够真实地模拟气固流化床中的基本流动结构 鼓泡形成、多气泡行为、节涌现象及团聚物的动态变化．研究结果表明：与模拟气固流化系统已有的数值方法相比,本文的数值方法具有模拟真实、通用性强的优点．     

Sintering dense nanocrystalline ceramics without final-stage grain growth

Sintering is the process whereby interparticle pores in a granular material are eliminated by atomic diffusion driven by capillary forces. It is the preferred manufacturing method for industrial ceramics. The observation of Burke and Coble that certain crystalline granular solids could gain full density and translucency by solid-state sintering was an important milestone for modern technical ceramics. But these final-stage sintering processes are always accompanied by rapid grain growth, because the capillary driving forces for sintering (involving surfaces) and grain growth (involving grain boundaries) are comparable in magnitude, both being proportional to the reciprocal grain size. This has greatly hampered efforts to produce dense materials with nanometre-scale structure (grain size less than 100 nm), leading many researchers to resort to the 'brute force' approach of high-pressure consolidation at elevated temperatures. Here we show that fully dense cubic Y2O3 (melting point, 2,439 degrees C) with a grain size of 60 nm can be prepared by a simple two-step sintering method, at temperatures of about 1,000 degrees C without applied pressure. The suppression of the final-stage grain growth is achieved by exploiting the difference in kinetics between grain-boundary diffusion and grain-boundary migration. Such a process should facilitate the cost-effective preparation of other nanocrystalline materials for practical applications.     

流体动力学模型的两粒子压缩关联函数分析

高能重离子碰撞物理学的主要目的是利用探测到的末态粒子信息得到确实可靠的QGP形成证据.由于QGP只是在碰撞过程的某个极短瞬间存在,所以对核物质演化过程中媒介系统的研究是非常必要的,通过媒介系统的研究可以把分析QGP的探针深入到粒子冻出之前的媒介系统中.两粒子压缩关联函数通过媒介系统中准粒子与末态自由粒子之间的质量区别来反映准粒子与媒介系统的相互作用,利用非相对论流体动力学演化的火球模型,计算得到以两粒子平均动量为变量的压缩关联函数形式,选用和其他强子反应截面较小的介子模拟计算关联函数,计算结果表明小平均动量的介子来自于半径较大、径向膨胀速度较大的媒介系统,在温度和径向膨胀速度相同的情况下,两个介子的压缩关联函数对媒介系统半径变化不敏感.     

Simple nanofabrication of a superhydrophobic and transparent biomimetic surface

This paper describes a simple fabrication method for creating superhydrophobic and transparent glass surfaces that mimic natural surfaces such as lotus leaves, moth eyes or cicada wings. Nanostructured glass surfaces were created by a combination of colloidal lithography and plasma etching. A colloidal mask was formed simply by the spin coating of the polystyrene beads and with modification of the interparticle distance between the beads. The etching of the glasses was conducted by CF4 plasma. Tower-shaped nanostructures at an aspect ratio of 1：4 were treated using fluoroalkylsilane selfassembled monolayers （SAMs） to obtain the hydrophobic surfaces. The treated glass surfaces showed superhydrophobicity with a water contact angle of around 150° and a hexadecane contact angle of around 110° Furthermore, the nanostructured glass was transparent to visible light.     

Creation and diagnosis of a solid-density plasma with an X-ray free-electron laser

Matter with a high energy density (>10(5)?joules per cm(3)) is prevalent throughout the Universe, being present in all types of stars and towards the centre of the giant planets; it is also relevant for inertial confinement fusion. Its thermodynamic and transport properties are challenging to measure, requiring the creation of sufficiently long-lived samples at homogeneous temperatures and densities. With the advent of the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) X-ray laser, high-intensity radiation (>10(17)?watts per cm(2), previously the domain of optical lasers) can be produced at X-ray wavelengths. The interaction of single atoms with such intense X-rays has recently been investigated. An understanding of the contrasting case of intense X-ray interaction with dense systems is important from a fundamental viewpoint and for applications. Here we report the experimental creation of a solid-density plasma at temperatures in excess of 10(6) kelvin on inertial-confinement timescales using an X-ray free-electron laser. We discuss the pertinent physics of the intense X-ray-matter interactions, and illustrate the importance of electron-ion collisions. Detailed simulations of the interaction process conducted with a radiative-collisional code show good qualitative agreement with the experimental results. We obtain insights into the evolution of the charge state distribution of the system, the electron density and temperature, and the timescales of collisional processes. Our results should inform future high-intensity X-ray experiments involving dense samples, such as X-ray diffractive imaging of biological systems, material science investigations, and the study of matter in extreme conditions.     

乳化剂对食品O/W乳状液界面状态的影响

用膜乳化法制备了单分散 O/W乳状液 ,讨论了乳化剂的种类与浓度对粒子界面状态的影响。当乳化剂的浓度增加时 ,乳化剂分子组成的粒子界面水合层变厚 ,粒子间距离变大。沉降速度减慢。粒子间距离除了水合层 ,还受乳液粒子界面电位的影响。