汉字结构法则说

本文从文字表达词音和词义的角度较详思地揭示了汉字的结构法则，理清了汉字的结构体系，并以之检验了“六书”，进一步明确了“六书”的含义。     

“生命的生产”、黑猩猩与艺术的起源

人,是一种有自由生命的类存在物。人的自由的生命活动,首先在于他的“生命的生产”。“生命的生产”在种系进化过程中有着显见的持续性,因此,本文认为必须以此为逻辑起点和核心概念,从文化人类学和比较心理学的角度对艺术起源进行探讨.本文将首先揭橥“劳动说”理论偏颇之所在;然后根据劳动的两种不同形态,提出必须到“萌芽状态”的劳动中去寻找“萌芽状态”的艺术之命题。笔者认为,“艺术的起源”与“劳动的起源”和“人类的起源”是同步发生的,而研究三者最理想的活化石便是黑猩猩。因此,作为对以往研究对     

中日文字之交

中日两国“一衣带水”,很早就有了文化交流。从历史上考察,中日文化交流大体可分为两大阶段,以明治维新划线,在此之前主要是日本学中国,在此之后则又是中国向日本学习借鉴。这种历史性的转变,在两国的文字中都留下深刻的印记,影响着双方文化的发展。本文拟从中日文字之交这一侧面来反映文化交流的状况,并从中得到若干启示。一日本原先没有文字,据《古语拾遗》记载:“(日本)上古之世,未有文字,贵贱老少,口口相传,前言往行,存而不忘。”所以,当汉字输入日本以后,便以汉字作为书写工具。汉字传入日本的时间,可上溯至东汉光武帝年间。建武二年(…     

沉毅笃行 锐意进取——清华大学刘长松副教授及其文字识别研究

作为一个拥有五千年文明的古国，汉字源远流长，是世界上最古老的文字之一；作为一个拥有13亿人口的大国，汉字又是世界上使用人数最多、跨越空间最广的文字。随着信息时代的发展，计算机一网连天下，这个年轻的面孔令世界为之焕然一新。众所周知，“0”和“1”是计算机二进制中的基本单位，长久以来，这也是它能唯一能识别的单位。当“古老”与“年轻”相遇，可不可以通过技术的创新使汉字像“0”和“1”一样容易被计算机识别呢？     

汉字改革趋向新探(之一)

<正> 汉字是世界上最古老的文字之一。它与古埃及文字、古苏美尔文字和古巴比伦文字都有四千年以上的历史。然而其他古老的文字早在两千年前就被历史所淘汰了,只有汉字一直流传至今。但它已从“视而可识”的图形文字,发展成了“隐闭指意”的表意文字。因其字数多、笔画繁、读音乱,所以难认、难读、难写、难记。鲁迅先生说:“虽读书十年,也还不能任意写出自己的意见。”连古代的大诗人杜甫都说:“读书难字过”(《漫成》),可见汉字实在难。为了解决汉字的难认、难读、难写、难记,从图形文字开始就不断地进行着改革。 一简化汉字的改革趋向     

汉字拼音化之我见

文字是记录语言的符号系统,是约定俗成和可以变动的。文字改革既要符合语言、文字本身的发展规律,又要符合民族和社会的需要,得到普遍的承认。汉字拼音化历程中的得失说明了这是一个长期的需要很多代人为之努力的过程。有些文字学者以汉字是我国的“国粹”等理由,反对实行汉字拼音化,这是一种狭隘的违背规律的观点。     

没有必要创造白文

关于白文问题,前人论述颇多,争议也较大,至今没有统一看法。把各种论述综合起来,不外乎两种意见:一种认为白族没有过文字,所谓白文只是一种汉字记白音的现象;一种认为有白文,充分论据是白文中有新奇字,而且至今民间大本曲本中还在使用。到底有无白文,或者说汉字记白音的假借字算不算白文?这应该从文字的定义去考查,才能得出结论。词典解释“文字”的定义是:文字是语言的书写符号,是记录语言的工具。文字都有音、形、义三要素,缺一不可,否则就不叫文字,举例说,汉字“水”,     

汉字形体结构蕴含的美学意识

文字产生时同绘画艺术就有密切的联系，两者都采用了相同的表现形式，在这个意义上看文字和绘画的起源是一致的，即“书画同源”，既然如此，文字画及其演化结果—一原始文字都必须蕴含绘画艺术的美学意识，具有利用形式来表现美，反映美的特点，也说明汉字在形成之初，在形式上就有了审美主体的审美需要，使汉字形体具有可供欣赏的功能。汉字是一种方块形体，表意象形，构造复杂的文字，有它独具特色的形体结构。汉字的结构可概括为上下结构（包括上中下结构）左右结构（包括左中右结构）和内外结构三大类型。从实质上看，汉字这几种结构不…     

中日汉字之比较

中日汉字之比较林清书一、引言日本原来没有文字，后来借用汉字记录日语。当时，是借用汉字代表日语的语音，就象现代的音译一样。如：《后汉书·倭传》中的“耶马台”，就是“大和”的音译（日语读音为ｙａｍａｔｏ）。这种借用汉宇来记音的办法，凡借用汉字的民族都曾经...     

一门新兴学科的诞生——序《汉字编码设计学》

一从“五四”运动开始，人们就认为方块字难学，甚至把中国科学文化落后的罪状，也强加在方块字上。新中国建立之后，有许多热心的文字改革家，仍然念念不忘使汉字“拼音化”。我国的某些地区也曾推行过“新文字”，但客观事实是最无情的，终究因为脱离实际和非科学态度，推行不开。后来，“新文字”变成“汉字拼音”，成了学习汉字的辅助工具——这当然也是一件好事。汉字到底是中华民族的优秀遗产还是因袭的历史重担，汉字是不是难学，中国科学文化的落后的罪状，是不是应该加在汉字身上，许多专家研究过，并非如此。这且不言，我以为汉字…     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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