一种基于Petri网的半形式化面向对象的开发方法

在简要地论述了半形式化面向对象的开发方法的基本思想之后，着重就这类方法中模型形式化这一关键问题进行了研究。探讨了基于着色Ｐｅｔｒｉ网的面向对象模型的形式化技术，给出了面向对象方法中一些基本概念的形式描述，旨在完整地形成一种基于Ｐｅｔｒｉ网的半形式化面向对象的开发方法．     

重构在面向对象设计中的应用

重构是在保持程序可观察行为的前提下对程序内部结构的改进，作为一种重要的面向对象设计辅助工具，重构在面向对象设计过程中有着广泛的应用。其中一种重要的应用是面向对象设计改进。在面向对象设计中存在两种设计改进过程：1、全新系统的设计过程。面向对象系统的设计过程就是一系列的在原有设计基础之上的设计改进过程。2、旧系统的再设计过程。这种过程通常存在于系统维护阶段。在面向对象设计中使用重构可以使设计改进达到一定程度上的自动化。本文主要阐述在面向对象设计中如何使用重构实现设计改进。     

面向对象数据库设计分析

从传统数据库的设计方法出发，融入面向对象特有的类、封装、多态和继承等概念，在分析中以面向对象数据库的设计工具—Jasmine为例，讲述面向对象数据库设计的主要步骤和设计方法．结合实例介绍了采用面向对象数据库程序设计的应用．     

基于LOTOS的动态模型的形式化研究

面向对象技术和形式化方法结合，在面向对象技术中应用形式化方法是一种有效的实现软件自动化的方法。介绍了形式化描述语言LOTOS的特性，结合面向对象技术和状态图的理论知识，给出了基于LOTOS的动态模型的形式化方法，并给出了实例说明。     

面向对象程序设计教学方法浅析

在高级程序设计语言中，面向对象程序设计具有功能强大，能够方便快捷地开发Windows应用程序等特点，而深受使用者欢迎。面向对象程序设计与面向过程的程序设计相比，其思维方式和概念都是全新的，学生接受起来很困难。高职高专院校在面向对象程序设计课程教学中，如何解决程序设计本身枯燥、难懂的问题，找到一种比较新颖的教学方式，一直是广大计算机教师颇感兴趣的课题。本文结合教学实践与理论思考，阐述了面向对象程序设计教学方法改革的几点看法。     

面向对象课程在生物信息专业教学中的探索和实践

面向对象是现代软件程序设计的主流方法，在生物信息学中有着重要的应用。本文针对生物信息学专业，结合教学实践经验，探讨了面向对象课程的教学方法。     

面向值和面向对象集成的数据模型

面向值和面向对象数据模型的集成是当前数据库领域一个活跃的研究方向。文章为演绎面向对象数据库提出了一个面向对象的形式化数据模型——ＯＤＭ，它在同一数据模型中把面向值的数据和面向对象的数据有机地统一起来     

OOCPN在OOSD中的应用

引进了面向对象着色Ｐｅｔｒｉ网的概念，提出将其应用于面向对象的软件开发方法的过程中。     

面向对象概念格上的近似概念及概念认知

针对概念认知问题，该文通过形式背景中任意对象(属性)集在面向对象(属性)概念格中形成的下近似概念外延(内涵)和上近似概念外延(内涵),探讨了面向对象(属性)概念、面向对象(属性)下近似概念、面向对象(属性)上近似概念之间的关系，得到在面向对象(属性)概念格中生成下、上近似概念的一种有效方法。对于面向对象概念格中任一概念，由其外延形成的下近似概念和上近似概念是它本身；对于面向属性概念格中任一概念，由其内涵形成的下近似概念和上近似概念也是它本身。同时通过举例说明。另外，将近似概念应用于面向对象(属性)概念格中进行概念认知并给出相应算法。对于给定的任一对象(属性)集线索，通过其形成的近似集去逼近该线索，得到1个精确概念或者2个近似概念，以进行概念认知。同时给出概念学习精度来衡量概念认知的准确性。     

基于规约说明语言的面向对象软件测试

提出了一种测试面向对象程序的框架模型．用Object-Z语言描述面向对象程序的形式化规约．从形式化规约说明中可以推导出的面向对象程序的状态转换图，状态图可以表示面向对象程序的动态行为，并且可以用来描述一个由面向对象程序的方法调用序列组成的测试数据集．最后给出了验证一个方法调用序列正确性的方法．测试结果显示这一框架模型对于测试面向对象程序是可行的．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with