AZ31镁合金氩弧焊接接头组织与力学性能研究

钨极氩弧焊(TIG)为镁合金焊接中最常用的一种焊接方法。本文采用直流钨极氩弧焊对6.0 mm厚AZ31镁合金挤压板材进行了双面焊接实验。采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、拉伸试验机考察分析了焊接接头显微组织与力学性能。显微组织分析表明,AZ31镁合金直流TIG焊接头由母材、热影响区、焊缝区组成,焊缝组织呈现焊丝熔化后凝固组织;在母材热影响区与焊缝区之间坡口处形成过渡区,晶粒细小,为母材与焊丝的熔合区。采用AZ31焊丝焊接接头平均抗拉强度为241.0 MPa,延伸率为13.8%,分别达到了母材的86.0%和63.6%。焊接接头的断裂均位于热影响区,断口呈现韧脆混合断裂特征。     

搅拌摩擦焊、搅拌振动摩擦焊和钨极惰性气体焊接AA6061-T6接头的组织和力学特性对比研究

This study compared the microstructure and mechanical characteristics of AA6061-T6 joints produced using friction stir welding (FSW), friction stir vibration welding (FSVW), and tungsten inert gas welding (TIG). FSVW is a modified version of FSW wherein the joining specimens are vibrated normal to the welding line during FSW. The results indicated that the weld region grains for FSVW and FSW were equiaxed and were smaller than the grains for TIG. In addition, the weld region grains for FSVW were finer compared with those for FSW. Results also showed that the strength, hardness, and toughness values of the joints produced by FSVW were higher than those of the other joints produced by FSW and TIG. The vibration during FSW enhanced dynamic recrystallization, which led to the development of finer grains. The weld efficiency of FSVW was approximately 81%, whereas those of FSW and TIG were approximately 74% and 67%, respectively.     

B和Gd复合微合金化对AZ91镁合金微观组织和力学性能的影响

利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)及X射线衍射分析对添加微量B和稀土元素Gd的AZ91镁合金的显微组织及相组成进行了研究,并对其室温力学性能进行了测试。结果表明,AZ91镁合金中添加Gd后,Gd与Al形成杆状或块状的Al_2Gd化合物相。含Gd的质量分数为1.0%时,铸态合金的拉伸强度为207.8 MPa,相对未加Gd时提升了27.9%。AZ91镁合金复合添加B和Gd后,合金组织发生明显的变化,在减少Gd含量的基础上添加B,可达到用微量B代替部分Gd对AZ91的强化效果。对比单一添加Gd的铸态AZ91镁合金,在达到相同力学性能的情况下,(B+Gd)复合微合金化的AZ91镁合金的Gd添加量质量分数降低了19%,从而降低了成本。     

Microstructural characteristics and mechanical properties of Al-2024 alloy processed via a rheocasting route

This article reports the effects of stirring speed and T6 heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-2024 alloy synthesized by a rheocasting process. There was a decrease in grain size of α-Al particles corresponding to an increase in stirring speed. By increasing the stirring speed, however, the globularity of matrix particles first increased and then declined. It was also found that the hardness, compressive strength, and compressive strain increased with the increase of stirring speed. Microstructural studies revealed the presence of nonsoluble Al₁₅(CuFeMn)₃Si₂ phase in the vicinity of CuAl₂ in the rheocast samples. The required time for the solution treatment stage was also influenced by stirring speed; the solution treatment time decreased with the increase in stirring speed. Furthermore, the rheocast samples required a longer homogenization period compared to conventionally wrought alloys. Improvements in hardness and compressive properties were observed after T6 heat treatment.     

6061-T6铝合金薄板的搅拌摩擦焊接

采用搅拌摩擦焊(FSW)技术对1mm厚6061-T6铝合金薄板进行了对接. 研究了焊接工艺参数的范围,实验测试了焊接接头的强度、硬度和延伸率,利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜分析了接头的微观组织. 结果表明:对于1mm厚度6061-T6铝合金,FSW的最优工艺参数为旋转速度1800r·min-1,焊接速度1000mm·min-1;在此参数下,接头的硬度值达到母材的80%左右,抗拉强度达到母材的103%,延伸率达到母材的54%;接头的力学性能与微观结构相符.     

挤压态Mg-9Li-3Al-xSr镁合金的微观组织与力学性能

采用SEM、EDS、XRD、TEM和力学性能测试等手段研究了挤压态Mg-9Li-3Al-xSr(LA93-xSr,x=0,1.5,2.5,3.5wt%)镁合金的微观组织与力学性能,探讨了Sr含量对挤压态合金的微观组织及力学性能的影响规律。结果表明:LA93-xSr镁合金包括α-Mg(hcp)和β-Li(bcc)两种基体相。Sr含量对挤压态合金的晶粒大小没有明显影响。随着Sr元素的加入,合金中形成Al4Sr新相,主要分布于α/β相界面,并沿挤压轴向呈流线分布。合金的强度随着Sr含量的增加呈现先增加后降低的趋势,合金的延伸率随着Sr含量的增加呈现逐渐降低的趋势。当Sr含量为2.5wt%时,挤压态Mg-9Li-3Al-2.5Sr(LAJ932)合金的抗拉强度达到最大值235.2MPa,屈服强度达到220.6MPa,延伸率为19.4%,合金呈现出良好的力学性能。挤压过程中,α-Mg相中发生形变诱发的晶粒细化,β-Li相中发生常规动态再结晶。     

Microstructure,mechanical properties and formability of friction stir welded dissimilar materials of IF-steel and 6061 Al alloy

AA 6061 alloy and interstitial-free(IF)steel plates were joined by the friction stir welding(FSW)method,and the microstructure,mechanical properties,and biaxial stretch formability of the friction stir welded(FSWed)parts were investigated.The results indicate that the FSWed parts showed optimum tensile strength during FSW with the 0.4-mm offset position of the tool.The Fe4Al13 intermetallic compound formed in the defect-free intersection of AA 6061 and IF-steel plates during FSW.The hardness of the IF-steel part of the FSWed region increased almost 90%relative to its initial hardness of HV0.2 105.The tensile and yield strengths of FSWed regions were approximately 170 MPa and 145 MPa,respectively.According to the formability tests,the Erichsen Index(EI)of the IF-steel,AA 6061,and the FSWed samples were determined to be 2.9 mm,1.9 mm,and 2.1 mm,respectively.The EI of the FSWed sample was almost the same as that of the AA 6061 alloy.However,it decreased compared with that of the IF-steel.The force at EI(FEI)was approximately 1180 N for the FSWed condition.This value is approximately 70%higher than that of AA 6061 alloy.     

Effects of different friction stir welding conditions on the microstructure and mechanical properties of copper plates

Friction stir welding is a new and innovative welding method used to fuse materials. In this welding method, the heat generated by friction and plastic flow causes significant changes in the microstructure of the material, which leads to local changes in the mechanical properties of the weld. In this study, the effects of various welding parameters such as the rotational and traverse speeds of the tool on the microstructural and mechanical properties of copper plates were investigated; additionally, Charpy tests were performed on copper plates for the first time. Also, the effect of the number of welding passes on the aforementioned properties has not been investigated in previous studies. The results indicated that better welds with superior properties are produced when less heat is transferred to the workpiece during the welding process. It was also found that although the properties of the stir zone improved with an increasing number of weld passes, the properties of its weakest zone, the heat-affected zone, deteriorated.     

双级过时效工艺对7050铝合金力学性能的影响

双级过时效是优化工业化大尺寸7050铝合金锻件综合性能的有效手段。对7050铝合金锻件进行双级过时效处理,研究第二级时效时间对其组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明,随着第二级时效时间的延长,晶界处析出相逐渐粗化,并由连续分布转变为断续分布,合金的硬度、屈服强度和抗拉强度随之降低,伸长率与断裂韧性逐渐升高,并且拉伸及断裂韧性测试样品的断裂模式从沿晶断裂向韧窝型断裂转变。当第二级时效时间延长至一定程度时,合金力学性能趋于平稳。为通过双级过时效工艺调控7050铝合金锻件的综合力学性能提供了研究基础和理论指导。     

Effect of rheo-diecast process on the mechanical properties of A390 alloy by serpentine channel

In this paper, the effects of rheo-diecast process parameters and T6 heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the rheo-diecasting (RDC) semi-solid A390 alloy prepared through pure copper serpentine channel were investigated. The results indicate that the mechanical properties of the RDC samples change with the pouring temperature and injection pressure. In this case, a lower pouring temperature results in better tensile strength and elongation of the RDC A390 alloy; however, the tensile strength and elongation decrease when the pouring temperature decreases to 660°C. Higher injection pressures result in the improved mechanical properties of the RDC A390 alloy. To some extent, T6 heat treatment improves the tensile strength and ductility of the RDC A390 alloy compared to those of the non-heat treated alloy. However, when the pouring temperature and injection pressure are greater than 670°C and 70 MPa, respectively, the mechanical properties are sharply diminished.     

混合稀土对Mg-9Y-0.6Zr镁合金组织和性能的影响

通过光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、描扫电镜(SEM)、微分扫描量热仪(DSC)和力学性能测试等手段,研究了加入质量分数为0%、1%、3%和5%混合稀土对Mg-9Y-0.6Zr(WK90)镁合金组织及性能的影响.结果表明:铸态WK90合金组织由α-Mg基体及少量的共晶组织构成,添加混合稀土后,晶界处的共晶组织明显增多,并由单一共晶形式转变为层状共晶和离异共晶并存;随着混合稀土添加量的增大,共晶组织的种类及数量增多,合金DSC曲线的低熔点吸热峰总面积增大并最终发生分离;混合稀土为3%铸态合金及含混合稀土为1%的挤压态合金分别具有最高的断裂强度,影响合金强度的因素除了晶粒尺寸外,离异共晶组织的分布状态和形貌也是重要的因素.     

固溶时效工艺对6016铝合金力学性能的影响及多目标优化

作为6XXX铝合金热处理工艺的一部分,固溶处理与时效处理对6016铝合金的力学性能有显著影响.本文把固溶温度、时间和时效温度、时间作为设计变量,应用中心组合实验设计法设计固溶-时效实验方案,在室温下分别测出试样的屈服强度、伸长率和维氏硬度.第二代非支配排序遗传算法(NSGA-Ⅱ)解决了第一代算法参数选取难、运行效率低等缺点.本文用第二代非支配排序遗传算法把得到的响应面方程作为目标函数进行多目标优化,经过计算后获得非劣解,从中可筛选出使目标函数较好的解与相对的固溶-时效工艺参数.     

MgZnCa合金的组织结构和力学性能分析

通过铜模吸铸法制备直径为3mm的Mg-Zn-Ca三元共晶合金,按成分比例配制的合金分别为Mg72Zn15Ca13、Mg62Zn36Ca2、Mg14Zn22Ca64和Mg26Zn48Ca26.利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、光学显微镜(OM)、微机控制电子式万能试验机和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对MgZnCa合金的组织结构、力学性能和断口形貌进行研究.结果表明:Mg72Zn15Ca13、Mg14Zn22Ca64和Mg26Zn48Ca26合金形成非晶相和晶体相共存的复合材料,Mg62Zn36Ca2形成纯晶体;其中强度最高、塑性最好的是Mg14Zn22Ca64,其强度和塑性应变分别为548MPa和0.9%;对于该合金系,强度随结晶度降低而升高;压缩断口形貌显示,Mg72Zn15Ca13、Mg62Zn36Ca2、Mg14Zn22Ca64和Mg26Zn48Ca26合金均为脆性断裂.     

电流对铝合金激光填丝焊接接头组织及性能影响研究

采用激光填丝焊接技术对3 mm厚的6061铝合金进行搭接叠焊,通过送丝系统对焊丝加入直流电流,研究加入电流后焊接接头成形质量及影响机制,分析焊接接头显微组织以及力学性能。结果表明,加入电流后,熔池内产生电磁场,在洛伦兹力作用下形成熔体对流,形成电磁搅拌。随着电流的增大,焊缝表面成形光滑,焊缝熔深增加;焊缝组织在电磁搅拌作用下,晶粒细化,析出Mg₂Si相;加入电流后熔池稳定性增加,焊缝组织成分均匀化,焊缝区维氏硬度趋于稳定;焊接接头抗拉强度和塑性随着电流的增大均提高。电流为150 A时,焊接接头的抗拉强度为304.68 MPa,伸长率为8.77%。     

稀土钇强化Al-Zn-Mg-Cu铝合金的组织特征

在熔炼过程中以铝钇中间合金形式加入Y元素,研究0～0.30%范围内不同Y加入量对铝合金铸态和均匀化处理后凝固组织的影响.金相显微和扫描电镜检测结果显示:当Y的加入量在0.25%时,铸态组织中晶粒细化效果明显,晶粒度由基体的60～70μm下降到40～50μm,二次枝晶间距减小,晶界处的主要平衡相是T(AlZnMgCu)相和含Y相.经过450℃,12h的均匀化处理后,晶界不再粗大、连续,析出物呈点链状或长条状.对于0.25%Y-7055合金,晶界中析出相不再明显,晶界、晶内可见2～3μm的含Y相Al3Y和Al2Y,加Y后的合金组织材料性能得到改善.     

SiCp/Al MMCs等离子弧原位焊接接头组织与性能

通过填充Ti,N元素对SiCp／Al基复合材料（SiCp／Al MMCs）进行等离子弧原位焊接,分析了焊缝的组织和力学性能．以氩、氮混合气体为离子气,0．8mm厚钛片作为原位合金化材料进行原位焊接,不仅抑制了脆性相的形成,而且在焊缝中形成了TiN,TiC等新的增强相,保证了焊接接头的性能．力学性能试验结果表明,不加填充材料焊接时,试样拉伸强度仅为母材强度的31．24％;进行原位焊接时,试样强度达到母材强度的50．89％．断口主要表现为混合型脆性断口．     

Influence of shielding gas on the mechanical and metallurgical properties of DP-GMA-welded 5083-H321 aluminum alloy

In the present research, 6-mm-thick 5083-H321 aluminum alloy was joined by the double-pulsed gas metal arc welding (DP-GMAW) process. The objective was to investigate the influence of the shielding gas composition on the microstructure and properties of GMA welds. A macrostructural study indicated that the addition of nitrogen and oxygen to the argon shielding gas resulted in better weld penetration. Furthermore, the tensile strength and bending strength of the welds were improved when oxygen and nitrogen (at concentrations as high as approximately 0.1vol%) were added to the shielding gas; however, these properties were adversely affected when the oxygen and nitrogen contents were increased further. This behavior was attributed to the formation of excessive brown and black oxide films on the bead surface, the formation of intermetallic compounds in the weld metal, and the formation of thicker oxide layers on the bead surface with increasing nitrogen and oxygen contents in the argon-based shielding gas. Analysis by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy revealed that most of these compounds are nitrides or oxides.     

Effects of gadolinium addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-9Al alloy

This research aims to study the significance of Gd addition (0wt%-2wt%) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-9Al alloy. The effect of Gd addition on the microstructure was investigated via X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The Mg-9Al alloy contained two phases, α-Mg and β-Mg17Al12. Alloying with Gd led to the emergence of a new rectangular-shaped phase, Al₂Gd. The grain size also decreased marginally upon Gd addition. The ultimate tensile strength and microhardness of Mg-9Al alloy increased by 23% and 19%, respectively, upon 1.5wt% Gd addition. We observed that, although Mg-9Al-2.0Gd alloy exhibited the smallest grain size (181 μm) and the highest dislocation density (5.1×1010 m-2) among the investigated compositions, the Mg-9Al-1.5Gd alloy displayed the best mechanical properties. This anomalous behavior was observed because the Al₂Gd phase was uniformly distributed and present in abundance in Mg-9Al-1.5Gd alloy, whereas it was coarsened and asymmetrically conglomerated in Mg-9Al-2.0Gd.     

机械振动对电弧增材制造2319铝合金微观组织与机械性能的影响

为了解决电弧增材制造试样晶粒粗大、机械性能较差等问题,在电弧增材制造2319铝合金过程中施加机械振动,分析了机械振动频率和幅度对试样微观组织和机械性能的影响。结果显示：机械振动使熔池流动性提高,熔池更加铺展,层宽增加,层高降低;振动破碎了生长过程中的枝晶,使INZ晶粒尺寸减小14.49 μm,ITZ晶粒尺寸减小4.68 μm;枝晶间隙处的溶质元素含量降低,晶界析出相变得断续且细小,PLC效应间隔增加,材料延伸率显著提高;机械振动频率和机械振动幅度改变时纵向和横向延伸率分别提升了38.2%,15.7%和29.3%,52.5%,而强度变化并不显著。采用机械振动辅助电弧增材制造能够在不影响强度的前提下显著提高试样的塑性,可为机械振动在增材制造领域的广泛应用提供技术参考。     

混合稀土对高铝锌基合金组织与性能的影响

研究了混合稀土对高铝锌基合金组织与性能的影响，结果表明：稀土的加入，使合金铸态组织细化，强度、塑性、韧性和耐磨性得以提高。在稀土加入量为0．1％时，湿砂型铸态组织中晶界与昌内均可观察到稀土相的存在，而在水冷金属型铸态组织中，却未观察到稀土的存在，稀土元素固溶于基体中。