Effect of equal channel angular extrusion on Al-6063 bending fatigue characteristics

The purpose of this investigation was to refine the grains of annealed 6063 aluminum alloy and to improve its yield stress and ultimate strength. This was accomplished via the equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) process at a temperature of 200℃ using route A, with a constant ram speed of 30 mm/min through a die angle of 90° between the die channels for as many as 6 passes. The experiments were conducted on an Avery universal testing machine. The results showed that the grain diameter decreased from 45 μm to 2.8 μm after 6 extrusion passes. The results also indicated that the major improvement in fatigue resistance occurred after the first pass. The subsequent passes improved the fatigue life but at a considerably lower rate. A maximum increase of 1100% in the case of low applied stresses and an approximately 2200% increase in fatigue resistance in the case of high applied stresses were observed after 5 passes. The improvement of fatigue resistance is presumed to be due to (1) a reduction in the size and the number of Si crystals with increasing number of ECAE passes, (2) the aggregation of Cu during the ECAE process, (3) the formation and growth of CuAl₂ grains, and (4) grain refinement of the Al-6063 alloy during the ECAE process.     

Influence of ECAP on the fatigue behavior of age-hardenable 2xxx aluminum alloy

The fatigue behavior under load control and the mechanical properties of commercial 2011 aluminum as an age-hardenable Al alloy was studied. To estimate the effects of the equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) process, solution heat treatments, and aging on the fatigue life, tests were conducted at four different stages:furnace cooling; furnace cooling plus one ECAP pass; solid solution heat treatment, quenching, one ECAP pass plus aging at peak age level; and the T6 condition. Only one pass was possible at room temperature because of the high strength of the material. The fracture surface morphology and microstructure after fatigue were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The experimental results revealed that the optimum fatigue life under load control, the tensile strength, and the Vickers hardness of the material were interdependent. The optimum fatigue life under load control was achieved by increasing the tensile strength and hardness of the material.     

Recrystallization and mechanical properties of WE43 magnesium alloy processed via cyclic expansion extrusion

In this study, cyclic expansion extrusion (CEE), as a relatively new severe plastic deformation (SPD) process, is applied to a rare earth (RE) containing Mg alloy WE43. The effects of the processing temperature and the number of passes are also investigated. The results showed that dynamic recrystallization (DRX) occurred after CEE processing at 400℃, and a bimodal structure with ultrafine DRXed grains surrounded the unrecrystallized grains. However, the DRX at 330℃ was retarded because of the existence of RE elements. The tensile tests showed that a simultaneous increase in the strength and the ductility of WE43 is obtained after CEE processing at 400℃ via two passes. Furthermore, the highest ultimate tensile strength of 440 MPa was achieved after the second pass of CEE at 330℃, and the highest ductility of 21% was attained after the second pass of CEE at 400℃. The microhardness measurements showed that the hardness increased from HV 80 to HV 114 and HV 98 after two passes of CEE processing at 330 and 400℃, respectively. In conclusion, increasing the processing passes could increase the mechanical properties and the volume fraction of the recrystallized grains. Moreover, increasing the temperature reduced the strength and the microhardness even if the elongation increased.     

基于断裂力学的组合梁栓钉疲劳性能

为研究钢-混凝土组合梁中的栓钉在疲劳荷载作用下的强度及寿命等问题,在有限元静力分析的基础上,根据断裂力学的基本原理,采用合理的假设,推导出了组合梁栓钉的疲劳寿命计算公式。分析结果表明:初始缺陷和应力幅对栓钉的疲劳寿命影响最大,应力上限对栓钉疲劳寿命的影响较小。建议在实际工程中栓钉的应力幅控制在极限抗剪强度的20%以下,应力上限控制在极限抗剪强度的70%以下。     

缺口对GH33A合金在复杂应力条件下力学行为的影响——高温合金力学冶金(11)

本文研究了缺口对GH33A合金在高温低周疲劳及劳疲/蠕变交互作用下的力学行为。结果表明:缺口使GH33A合金低周疲劳寿命缩短,其缩短的程度随缺口尖锐程度的增加而加剧。低周疲劳高应力时,保载时间的作用引入了蠕变分量,促使低周疲劳寿命Nf降低。在低周疲劳固定最大应力,改变最小应力而造成蠕变/疲劳交互作用情况下,其断裂寿命在一定条件下具有最大值,断裂机制可由纯疲劳断裂逐步转化为纯蠕变断裂,其程度主要决定于蠕变应力(或疲劳应力)分量所占比例的大小。     

城轨列车转向架铝合金焊接枕梁的抗疲劳设计

以城轨列车转向架铝合金枕梁为研究对象,基于Miner线性累积损伤理论和NASA小载荷S-N曲线延伸法,对枕梁主要焊缝进行了疲劳寿命评估.依据线路实测数据得到枕梁的载荷工况,设计了枕梁的疲劳试验方案.对没有通过疲劳试验的区域,采取了优化连接筋板厚度和减小应力集中等措施.结果表明铝合金枕梁新结构能够满足疲劳寿命要求.     

无内胎钢制车轮高强度钢等代设计

利用SolidWorks和Ansys软件建立22.5 in×9.0 in无内胎钢制车轮的有限元分析模型,采用高强钢代换低强钢的方法,在保证强度和疲劳寿命的前提下,对车轮进行了轻量化设计,减薄了轮辋和轮辐厚度。弯曲和径向试验的仿真结果表明:虽然改进后的各自最大等效应力都有所增加,但都没有超过材料的屈服极限;采用名义应力法并根据经验公式建立的590CL材料的S-N曲线方程,计算得出的疲劳寿命符合GB/T 5909—2005标准要求。     

显微组织对近α钛合金BT-20疲劳裂纹扩展的影响

通过显微镜及电子背散射衍射试验对近α钛合金BT-20的篮网、双态和魏氏组织微观结构及晶粒尺寸进行测定,并采用拉伸与疲劳裂纹扩展试验进行力学性能以及裂纹扩展研究,讨论微观组织对裂纹扩展速率、路径和断口形貌的影响.结果表明,双态组织的强度和延伸率最好,魏氏组织最差;双态组织的断口为解理断裂,裂纹碰到大尺寸初生α晶粒时发生穿晶失效,形态呈直线状,从而具有较高的扩展速率;篮网和魏氏组织的断口形式为沿相界断裂,裂纹扩展路径在通过α晶粒集束边界时改变方向,路径呈曲线状,扩展速率相对较低,从而具有较好的耐裂纹性能.     

Severely deformed copper by equal channel angular pressing

Mechanical and microstructural analysis of equal channel angular pressed copper was experimentally investigated. The results showed that the hardness distribution uniformity was rapidly decreased after the first pass and gradually improved at the following passes. Also, the bottom region of the pressed material experienced lower Vickers hardness magnitude irrespective of pass number. Furthermore, the addition of 0.1% magnesium to the pure copper had a considerable effect on the distribution uniformity. In addition, the material fracture mode changed from ductile to brittle by the alteration of the dimples to cleavage planes mechanism. Moreover, the formability index was dramatically reduced after the first pass and slowly improved at the succeeding passes. Eventually, ECAP process led to the increment of low angle grain boundaries and the decrease of high angle grain boundaries at the initial passes and vice versa at the subsequent ones.     

缺口根部残余应变与疲劳循环次数相关性

为了探索疲劳寿命与材料损伤之间的相关性,研究疲劳寿命的预测方法,对缺口根部的残余应变与疲劳循环次数的相关性进行了实验研究.对带缺口GH4169材料拉伸试件进行了疲劳试验,实验中按一定的疲劳循环周次在零载荷状态下停机,并采集试件表面上的白光散斑图;应用数字散斑相关技术测量缺口附近的残余位移场,求出缺口根部的残余应变,得到缺口根部残余应变与疲劳循环次数的相关性曲线,获得了一些对于研究GH4169材料的疲劳寿命很有意义的重要结果.     

UHPC-SMA层间静力性能与疲劳寿命相联性

选择热熔型改性环氧树脂202及高黏高弹沥青PG100这两类典型黏层材料,开展UHPC-SMA 复合试件层间静力性能及疲劳性能试验与分析,以探究层间在受剪、受拉不同静力破坏模式下的异同点及关联性,分析剪切静力指标与剪切疲劳寿命的潜在联系. 研究表明,温度对层间黏结性能有明显影响,随着环境温度的上升,层间拉拔强度、剪切强度...     

多道次搅拌摩擦加工对5083-O铝合金组织性能的影响

在不同轴肩直径、搅拌头转速和搅拌头行进速度下,对27mm厚5083-O铝合金进行了多道次搅拌摩擦加工(multi passfrictionstirprocessing),搭接率为100%,共进行3道次搅拌摩擦加工.研究结果表明,加工区由细小的再结晶组织组成;随着加工道次的增加,加工区内部缺陷体积减少,晶粒进一步细化,析出相细化并均匀分布,力学性能提高,加工区最高抗拉强度可达360MPa,延伸率也优于母材;其中,第二道次加工对材料组织和性能的影响最为明显.     

低频与中高频荷载对结构钢及其焊接节点疲劳寿命的影响研究

钢结构的疲劳试验研究采用低频、中频和高频加载,疲劳寿命是否会有差别,或者怎样的差别？一直是试验者希望找到答案的问题。作者以结构钢及其焊接件为对象,对低频(30Hz以内)与中高频(100Hz左右)加载的疲劳试验数据(包括本文作者和其他学者)进行分析对比,研究低频与中高频加载对疲劳寿命的影响,疲劳试验涉及高强度Q460钢板及其对焊节点、普通强度Q345钢板对焊节点。研究发现低频与中高频加载的疲劳寿命有很大的差别,无论是钢材还是对焊节点,低频加载比中高频加载的疲劳寿命长或疲劳强度高。对这种现象的机理也作了解释。建议对承受低频的疲劳荷载的工程钢结构,其疲劳试验应切合实际地应采用低频疲劳试验机加载。若采用高于低频的疲劳试验机加载,则会显著地低估疲劳寿命。     

三体船连接桥结构疲劳强度试验研究

针对某型三体船,采用谱分析方法进行全船疲劳强度分析,确定了疲劳问题严重的连接桥结构部位,设计了实板厚疲劳试验模型.通过疲劳试验获得了典型载荷工况下的疲劳寿命值,分别采用最小二乘法和定斜率极大似然法拟合应力范围-循环次数（S-N）曲线.在此基础上对船体典型节点部位进行疲劳强度评估,对已有校核结果进行修正.结果表明：对三体船连接桥部位进行疲劳强度评估时,采用定斜率极大似然法获得的S-N曲线较为合适.     

某新能源汽车制动踏板总成轻量化设计

为了校核某新能源汽车制动踏板总成的性能,首先基于Hypermesh软件建立其有限元模型。其次分别对其进行刚度性能分析、强度分析和疲劳分析。结果表明:其最大位移量小于目标值;其最大应力小于材料屈服;其本体及其焊缝的最大损伤值均小于1,三者的分析结果均能够满足设计要求。然后采用Isight集成平台对其进行轻量化设计,得到了其最优的厚度参数,分析结果表明:优化之后其各项性能也可以符合目标要求。最后对其优化方案进行实车试验,并且通过了整车道路验证。     

喷丸强化对Al-Li-XX和2XXX铝锂合金疲劳性能的影响

为了研究喷丸强化对铝锂合金疲劳性能的影响,本文针对Al-Li-XX和2XXX两种铝锂合金开展了8组疲劳试验,对比分析了喷丸强化对不同材料、不同取向试件疲劳性能的影响,并采用DFR法进行量化表征。结果显示：Al-Li-XX合金表现出一定的各向异性,而2XXX合金则表现出较明显的各向同性;喷丸强化对两种铝锂合金L向取样的试件疲劳性能不同程度地提高,而对LT向取样试件则基本没有影响,且喷丸强化后两种材料试件的疲劳寿命分散性均不同程度地增大。本文的研究结果有望为国产大飞机结构选材、疲劳设计及工程应用提供参考。     

涡轮增压器叶片高低周疲劳寿命特性分析

转子是涡轮增压器高速旋转部件,在运行中承受高低周疲劳载荷,其安全运行尤为重要.为获得涡轮增压器叶片的高低周疲劳寿命,通过改变高低周疲劳中高周应力比和单个复合疲劳载荷块中的高周频率,分析疲劳寿命特征,建立了基于Miner理论的寿命评估模型,利用此模型分析得出160 000 r/min转速下涡轮叶片的高低周复合疲劳寿命.通...     

15MnV钢热变形中组织变化的数学模型

采用热压模拟机研究了15MnV钢热形变中及其以后的冷却后的组织变化，得到计算组织变化的数学模型，该模型中包括有：单道次形变，多道次形变，等温形变，连续冷却形变等条件的奥氏体再结晶动力学，再结晶晶粒尺寸，再结晶后的晶粒粗化，以及热变形奥氏体转变的铁素体等，用模型计算的结果与实测值吻合较好。     

3D打印铝合金力学性能的非线性超声检测

为了研究非线性超声检测技术评估材料抗拉强度的可行性,对不同成型角度下的3D打印铝合金材料进行非线性超声检测和力学拉伸试验。结果表明材料的抗拉强度、微观缺陷比率和超声非线性系数三者之间有很强的相关性。随着材料微观缺陷比率增大,超声非线性系数也随之增大,而抗拉强度呈现变小的趋势,因此超声非线性系数可以评价材料的强度。此外,对不同成型角度下的3D打印铝合金试件进行疲劳试验,发现疲劳加载后试件的超声非线性系数随着微裂纹萌生而增大。因此,非线性超声检测技术可用于3D打印铝合金材料力学性能的评估和微裂纹的检测。     

基于有限元仿真车轮多轴疲劳强度分析

基于UIC510-3规程和热负荷试验,确定了车轮疲劳强度分析的计算载荷工况,采用有限元方法数值模拟了运行状态下车轮的应力变化规律,进行了车轮疲劳强度评定.采用最大主应力方法将多轴应力状态转化为单轴应力,通过Haigh-Goodman疲劳极限方程,得出机械载荷下车轮辐板孔的疲劳强度满足要求;采用Goodman方程,将制动热负荷产生的零-拉脉动循环转化为对称循环,根据辐板材料的S-N曲线评价,得出单纯制动热负荷下辐板孔满足疲劳强度要求;提出制动热应力与机械波动应力的叠加方法,采用Miner法则预测机械载荷与制动热负荷组合作用下辐板孔裂纹的形成寿命.由不同载荷下车轮疲劳强度的评价结果,判断出导致辐板孔边裂纹形成的载荷因素是机械载荷与坡道制动的综合作用.