虎杖中白藜芦醇的提取工艺

采用HPLC法,以白藜芦醇的含量为指标,通过单因素实验及正交实验方法确定了从虎杖中提取白藜芦醇的最佳工艺条件.HPLC法的色谱分析条件为:YWG-ODS色谱柱(长×直径为250 mm×4.6 mm,粒径为5 μm),以ψ甲醇:ψ水=45:55为流动相,流速为0.5 mL/min,检测波长为303nm.HPLC法测定结果表明,以体积分数为80%的乙醇水溶液为提取剂,液固比为14:1,在50℃下提取2次,每次提取2 h,从虎杖中提取的白藜芦醇质量分数可达0.301%.     

超声波辅助提取虎杖中白藜芦醇工艺研究

目的优选超声波辅助提取虎杖中白藜芦醇的最佳工艺。方法通过L16（4^5）正交实验研究5个因素不同水平对虎杖中白藜芦醇提取率的影响,采用紫外-可见分光光度法进行检测。结果经过正交实验得到从虎杖中提取白藜芦醇的最佳工艺为：以80％的CH3CH2OH＋CH3COCH3（体积比1：1）为提取剂,料液比1：10,pH=6,在30℃超声辅助提取50min,重复提取两次,虎杖中提取白藜芦醇的提取率可以达到1．83％。结论该实验确定的最佳提取工艺稳定性好且简便易行,且白藜芦醇的提取率高于有关报道。     

均匀设计法优选虎杖白藜芦醇的提取工艺

目的优选超声波法提取虎杖中白藜芦醇的最佳工艺。方法本研究以虎杖中白藜芦醇的提取量和吸光度值为考察指标,通过均匀设计法实验研究4个因素对提取效果的影响。结果实验得到从虎杖中提取白藜芦醇的最佳工艺为：100％乙醇-丙酮（1：1）,料液比为（1：25）,pH=6,浸泡时间24h,超声温度为30℃,提取时间为30min,平均2次提取,提取率为0．390％。结论该实验确定的最佳提取工艺简便易行。     

微波辅助提取虎杖中白藜芦醇的工艺研究

试验以虎杖白藜芦醇的提取率为指标,选择乙醇浓度、微波处理时间、料液浸泡时间以及料液比4个因素分别进行单因素试验,得出各因素对提取率的影响大小依次为:料液比>微波处理时间>乙醇浓度,而浸泡时间在实验范围(1h)内基本无影响.对影响较大的三个因素采用L9(33)正交试验设计确定最佳提取工艺:乙醇浓度为60%,微波提取时间为80s,料液比为1:10(g:mL),在最佳工艺条件下虎杖白藜芦醇提取率最高可达0.423%.     

蓝莓花色苷超声辅助提取工艺优化及组分分析

通过单因素和Box-Behnken设计优化了最佳提取料液比、温度、时间条件,同时比较了最佳工艺条件下的超声辅助提取、传统酶法提取和静置提取的花色苷提取率及花色苷吸收光谱,并采用高效液相色谱（HPLC）分析了3种提取方法对花色苷组分的影响.结果表明：超声辅助提取最佳条件为提取时间119min,提取温度69.7℃,超声时间45.8min,稀释倍数7.8,预测得到花色苷的最大提取率为58.83±1.78%.在最优条件下,花色苷的提取率为58.64±0.32%,相对误差仅为0.95%,模型准确度高.超声辅助提取比传统酶法提取的花色苷提取率高12.96%.经HPLC分析,超声辅助提取提高了花色苷组分的提取率.     

虎杖中白藜芦醇的提取工艺

虎杖属于蓼科草本植物,具有多种药理作用。虎杖中的有效成分,具有改善血液微循环、强心、止咳平喘、防氧化、保肝、降三高的作用,对细菌和病毒也有抑制作用。为有效提取虎杖中白藜芦醇,采用乙醇回流法和超声波法进行研究,并进行溶剂(乙酸乙酯)萃取初步纯化和吸附树脂纯化条件筛选,考察不同单因素对虎杖中提取白藜芦醇的影响,并采用正交法对提取工艺进行优化,确定最佳提取工艺。结果表明:乙醇回流法优化提取工艺条件下白藜芦醇的提取率为1.30%,超声波辅助法最优提取条件下白藜芦醇的提取率为1.36%。针对超声波辅助工艺的溶剂萃取初步纯化,得到纯度为74.98%的白藜芦醇,经过大孔树脂分离纯化后,纯度达89.07%,收率为95.09%。经过萃取和大孔树脂吸附后,白藜芦醇的纯度明显提高。     

基于响应面法优化超声辅助提取青阳参苷元工艺

以云南民间药用植物青阳参为研究材料，利用超声提取法处理，HPLC法检测，考察青阳参苷元提取率.基于单因素实验结果，对乙醇体积分数、超声温度、超声时间采用Box-Behnken实验设计和响应面法（RSM）优化提取条件，从而获得最佳提取工艺参数，即提取溶液的盐酸浓度0.36 mol/L、料液比1∶10(g/mL)、乙醇体积分数58%、超声功率600 W、超声温度63℃、超声时间33 min，验证提取得到产物青阳参苷元提取率0.274 5%，实验结果与模型预测值接近，表明最佳工艺参数可行.     

维药药西瓜中总黄酮的提取工艺

维吾尔族传统民族药物药西瓜有多种药用功效,一直是国内学者的研究热点,但对药西瓜的研究主要集中在其药理活性和化合物的分离,对提取工艺的优化工作却是空白。本文对药西瓜中总黄酮的提取进行系统地工艺优化,以此为日后工业放大和黄酮类化合物单体的分离提供参考。通过单因素实验和正交实验,以温度、料液比、提取时间、溶剂体积分数作为工艺参数,分别采用回流提取和微波辅助2种方法在不同的提取条件下对维药药西瓜中的总黄酮进行提取,从而确定在2种方法下最佳的提取工艺。结果显示回流提取药西瓜中总黄酮的最佳工艺条件为:提取温度为90℃,提取时间为2h,乙醇体积分数为95%,料液比1∶80,在此条件下黄酮提取率为1.72%。微波辅助提取的最佳工艺条件为:提取温度为90℃,乙醇体积分数为95%,提取时间为提取时间为25 min,料液比为1∶90,在此条件下黄酮提取率为4.28%。对比2种提取方法,采用微波辅助技术提取,需要时间短,提取率更高,是更适宜的药西瓜黄酮提取的方法。     

酶解法提取虎杖中的白藜芦醇

目的研究虎杖中白藜芦醇的最佳提取工艺。方法采用L9(34)正交实验,以白黎芦醇的提取率为评价指标。结果实验设计因素中酶解加水量、酶解时间和提取溶剂用量对白藜芦醇的提取率有显著影响。结论酶解法提取虎杖中白藜芦醇的最佳条件为:纤维素酶用量20mg/g,酶解加水量3倍,酶解时间6d,提取溶剂用量9倍。酶解法提高了虎杖中白藜芦醇的提取率。     

酶解法对提取虎杖中白藜芦醇的应用及工艺优化

在酶法提取虎杖中白藜芦醇的过程中,对原料经酶解处理后的乙醇提取工艺进行研究.研究结果表明,最佳提取工艺条件是:体积分数为40%乙醇,以液固比20:1,在40℃提取40 min,提取次数为1次.与原料未经酶解处理的直接醇提法的提取工艺条件比较,原料经酶解处理后,可以在较低的乙醇浓度、较低的温度下,提取较短的时间即可达到较好的提取效果.经HPLC分析,从虎杖中提取白藜芦醇的得率达13.85 mg/g,粗提物中白藜芦醇纯度达22.7%.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to