Preparation of fly ash and rice husk ash geopolymer

The geopolymer of fly ash (FA) and rice husk ash (RHA) was prepared. The burning temperature of rice husk, the RHA fineness and the ratio of FA to RHA were studied. The density and strength of the geopolymer mortars with RHA/FA mass ratios of 0/100, 20/80, 40/60, and 60/40 were tested. The geopolymers were activated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH), sodium silicate, and heat. It is revealed that the optimum burning temperature of RHA for making FA-RHA geopolymer is 690oC. The as-received FA and the ground RHA with 1%-5% retained on No.325 sieve are suitable source materials for making geopolymer, and the obtained compressive strengths are between 12.5-56.0 MPa and are dependent on the ratio of FA/RHA, the RHA fineness, and the ratio of sodium silicate to NaOH. Relatively high strength FA-RHA geopolymer mortars are obtained using a sodium silicate/NaOH mass ratio of 4.0, delay time before subjecting the samples to heat for 1 h, and heat curing at 60oC for 48 h.     

Cellular lightweight concrete containing high-calcium fly ash and natural zeolite

Cellular lightweight concrete (CLC) with the controlled density of approximately 800 kg/m3 was made from a preformed foam, Type-I Portland cement (OPC), fly ash (FA), or natural zeolite (NZ), and its compressive strength, setting time, water absorption, and microstructure of were tested. High-calcium FA and NZ with the median particle sizes of 14.52 and 7.72 μm, respectively, were used to partially replace OPC at 0, 10wt%, 20wt%, and 30wt% of the binder (OPC and pozzolan admixture). A water-to-binder mass ratio (W/B) of 0.5 was used for all mixes. The testing results indicated that CLC containing 10wt% NZ had the highest compressive strength. The replacement of OPC with NZ decreased the total porosity and air void size but increased the capillary porosity of the CLC. The incorporation of a suitable amount of NZ decreased the setting time, total porosity, and pore size of the paste compared with the findings with the same amount of FA. The total porosity and cumulative pore volume decreased, whereas the gel and capillary pores increased as a result of adding both pozzolans at all replacement levels. The water absorption increased as the capillary porosity increased; this effect depended on the volume of air entrained and the type or amount of pozzolan.     

不同碱当量、粉煤灰和矿渣掺量对碱激发粉煤灰-矿渣地聚物力学性能及微观结构的影响

粉煤灰、矿渣复配组成碱激发复合水泥可以改善单一组分碱激发水泥的性能劣势。为了研究不同碱当量、不同粉煤灰和矿渣掺量对碱激发粉煤灰-矿渣砂浆力学性能、干燥收缩及微观结构特性的影响,采用抗压、抗折强度试验、吸水率试验、干燥收缩试验、微观扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscope, SEM)及傅里叶红外光谱(Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, FTIR)试验进行表征。结果表明:3、7、28 d龄期时,随着碱当量和矿渣掺量增加,粉煤灰-矿渣砂浆抗压、抗折强度呈逐渐增加趋势,吸水率和干燥收缩率呈逐渐下降趋势。其中龄期为28 d,碱当量为6%、矿渣掺量为100%时,碱激发粉煤灰-矿渣砂浆抗压强度达到峰值110.84 MPa,抗折强度达到峰值10.77 MPa,吸水率最小,为1.2%,与4%的粉煤灰-矿渣砂浆相比,碱当量为6%的砂浆干燥收缩率均减少10%以上。由微观分析知,粉煤灰-矿渣砂浆在碱激发作用下水化产物主要为铝硅酸盐凝胶和水化硅酸钙凝胶,粉煤灰掺量越大,凝胶结晶度越低。碱当量越大,体系水化产物数量越多,结构越密实。     

Fabrication and properties of foam geopolymer using circulating fluidized bed combustion fly ash

In recent years, circulating fluidized bed combustion fly ash (CFA) is used as a raw material for geopolymer synthesis. Hydrogen peroxide was employed as a foaming agent to prepare CFA-based foam geopolymer. The particle distribution, mineral composition, and chemical composition of CFA were examined firstly. Geopolymerization products were characterized by mechanical testing, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray fluorescence (XRF). The CFA-based foam geopolymer was successfully fabricated with different contents of hydrogen peroxide and exhibited uncompleted alkali reaction and reasonable strength with relative low atomic ratios of Si/Al and Si/Na. Type-C CFA in this research could be recycled as an alternative source material for geopolymer production.     

高钙粉煤灰应用于玻璃陶瓷材料探索研究

本文选用了两种高钙粉煤灰,在无任何添加剂条件下,研究其直接应用于玻璃陶瓷材料的可能性。运用差热分析(DTA)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)等分析方法对基础玻璃以及热处理样品进行了分析研究。DTA结果表明,基础玻璃的升温过程有明显的晶化放热峰,XRD结果表明经热处理后两种基础玻璃均得到以钙长石为主要晶相的玻璃陶瓷材料,SEM图中可以看到明显且均匀的钙长石晶体,因此由高钙粉煤灰直接制备玻璃陶瓷材料是可行的。     

低掺量粉煤灰基地聚物胶凝材料性能试验研究

为了研究粉煤灰基地聚物胶凝材料的组成对其性能的影响,对C类粉煤灰分别掺入少量（质量分数小于17%）偏高岭土和矿渣粉后,进行了两种地聚物胶砂试块的力学性能试验研究,并与相同配比、相同制作养护条件下的普通硅酸盐水泥胶砂试块进行了比较.试验结果表明：纯粉煤灰（C类）地聚物胶凝材料强度低于P.O 42.5水泥;当外掺料质量分数大于17%时,粉煤灰基地聚物胶凝材料强度超过同龄期（14 d）的水泥;掺入矿渣粉的粉煤灰基地聚物抗压强度高于掺入等量偏高岭土的粉煤灰基地聚物.     

Electrical conductivity and dielectric property of fly ash geopolymer pastes

The electrical conductivity and dielectric property of fly ash geopolymer pastes in a frequency range of 100 Hz-10 MHz were studied. The effects of the liquid alkali solution to ash ratios (L/A) were analyzed. The mineralogical compositions and microstructures of fly ash geopolymer materials were also investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The 10 mol sodium hydroxide solution and sodium silicate solution at a sodium silicate-to-sodium hydroxide ratio of 1.0 were used in making geopolymer pastes. The pastes were cured at 40℃. It is found that the electrical conductivity and dielectric constant are dependent on the frequency range and L/A ratios. The conductivity increases but the dielectric constant decreases with increasing frequency.     

外加剂对混凝土耐久性的影响

就传统萘系减水剂(polynaphthaene sulphonate type water-reducer,PSWR)和新型聚羧酸系减水剂(polycarboxylic acid type water-reducer,PAWR)对混凝土内部孔结构、内部缺陷及抵抗外部环境作用力的影响等进行了较全面的对比分析研究,揭示了PAWR对提高混凝土耐久性的作用.试验结果表明:与PSWR相比,PAWR能改善混凝土浆体内部孔结构及孔径分布,提高混凝土的密实性;能降低混凝土的绝热温升,优化水泥水化放热曲线,减少混凝土收缩变形,提高混凝土抗裂性能和体积稳定性,减少混凝土内部缺陷;同时,还可不同程度地提高混凝土抗碳化、抗冻性能、抗氯离子侵蚀能力和钢筋保护能力,增强混凝土对外部环境的抵抗力,从而极大地提高混凝土的耐久性.     

Effect of silica fume on the fresh and hardened properties of fly ash-based self-compacting geopolymer concrete

The effect of silica fume on the fresh and hardened properties of fly ash-based self-compacting geopolymer concrete (SCGC) was investigated in this paper. The work focused on the concrete mixes with a fixed water-to-geopolymer solid (W/Gs) ratio of 0.33 by mass and a constant total binder content of 400 kg/m3. The mass fractions of silica fume that replaced fly ash in this research were 0wt%, 5wt%, 10wt%, and 15wt%. The workability-related fresh properties of SCGC were assessed through slump flow, V-funnel, and L-box test methods. Hardened concrete tests were limited to compressive, splitting tensile and flexural strengths, all of which were measured at the age of 1, 7, and 28 d after 48-h oven curing. The results indicate that the addition of silica fume as a partial replacement of fly ash results in the loss of workability; nevertheless, the mechanical properties of hardened SCGC are significantly improved by incorporating silica fume, especially up to 10wt%. Applying this percentage of silica fume results in 4.3% reduction in the slump flow; however, it increases the compressive strength by 6.9%, tensile strength by 12.8% and flexural strength by 11.5%.     

碱激发不同活性粉煤灰地质聚合物的研究

对不同粉磨时间的粉煤灰进行活性Al与活性Si的测定,其溶出量随机械粉磨时间的延长而增加.平均颗粒直径为10.36μm的粉煤灰在激发剂作用下合成28d抗压强度为82.16MPa的地质聚合物.采用XRD和SEM分析手段对地质聚合物的结构和形貌进行了表征,XRD和SEM结果表明,地质聚合物的抗压强度与无定形的硅铝酸盐凝胶相的存在及粉煤灰的颗粒级配密切相关.     

Properties of high calcium fly ash geopolymer pastes with Portland cement as an additive

The effect of Portland cement (OPC) addition on the properties of high calcium fly ash geopolymer pastes was investigated in the paper. OPC partially replaced fly ash (FA) at the dosages of 0, 5%, 10%, and 15% by mass of binder. Sodium silicate (Na₂SiO₃) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solutions were used as the liquid portion in the mixture: NaOH 10 mol/L, Na₂SiO₃/NaOH with a mass ratio of 2.0, and alkaline liquid/binder (L/B) with a mass ratio of 0.6. The curing at 60℃ for 24 h was used to accelerate the geopolymerization. The setting time of all fresh pastes, porosity, and compressive strength of the pastes at the stages of 1, 7, 28, and 90 d were tested. The elastic modulus and strain capacity of the pastes at the stage of 7 d were determined. It is revealed that the use of OPC as an additive to replace part of FA results in the decreases in the setting time, porosity, and strain capacity of the paste specimens, while the compressive strength and elastic modulus seem to increase.     

粉煤灰颗粒特性对再生混凝土水化性质的影响

利用标准振筛机将Ⅱ级粉煤灰筛分得到粒径大于45μm、25～45μm之间及小于25μm的3种分选粉煤灰FAL、FAM、FAS,测定各类粉煤灰的颗粒分布、化学成分与活性指数.采用同步热分析法等测定不同龄期时再生混凝土硬化浆体中的化学结合水量、粉煤灰反应程度及Ca(OH)2含量,通过解耦分析得到体系中水泥的水化程度,并利用扫...     

粉煤灰混凝土力学性能的实验研究

分析了掺入粉煤灰混凝土抗压强度、轴心抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度、抗折强度、弹性模量等力学性能试验结果,并探讨了试验结果的增强机理。     

碱激发对粉煤灰活性的影响

研究了粉煤灰的物理化学特性,设计了四种方案对粉煤灰进行改性,旨在扩大粉煤灰的应用. 通过对比改性前后Na2SiO3-粉煤灰试块的强度,使粉煤灰在改性前后的反应速度通过试块的强度得以体现. 扫描电镜照片显示,在机械粉磨结合化学激发处理后,坚硬的外壳大部分被破坏. 27Al的核磁共振图谱显示宽峰变窄. 29Si的核磁共振谱表明,Q0消失,Q2增多,Q4减少. 说明加入强碱并同时机械粉磨可有效破坏粉煤灰的玻璃微珠外壳及硅铝网络结构,可增强粉煤灰的潜在活性.     

Effect of grinding on chemical and physical properties of rice husk ash

The effect of grinding on the chemical and physical properties of rice husk ash was studied. Four rice husk ashes with different finenesses, i.e. coarse original rice husk ash (RHA0), RHA1, RHA2, and RHA3 were used for the study. Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) was partially replaced with rice husk ash at 20% by weight of binder. The water to binder ratio (W/B) of the mortar was maintained at 110%±5% with flow table test. Specific gravity, fineness, chemical properties, compressive strength, and porosity test of mortars were determined. The differences in chemical composition of the rice husk ashes with different finenesses from the same batch are small. The use of RHA3 produces the mortars with good strength and low porosity. The strength of the mortar improves with partial replacement of RHA3 in comparison with normal coarse rice husk ash. The use of RHA3 results in a strong and dense mortar, which is due to the better dispersion and filling effect, as well as an increase in the pozzolanic reaction.     

粗集料对粉煤灰混凝土性能影响

混凝土的架构理论认为混凝土是由砂浆、粗集料和二者之间的界面构成的．试验研究了石灰石、玄武岩、花岗岩和辉绿岩4种不同类型的粗集料对不同粉煤灰掺量混凝土的坍落度、抗压强度、抗折强度和弹性模量的影响,分析了石灰石粗集料对不同粉煤灰掺量混凝土抗冻性的影响．结果表明,粗集料对混凝土的坍落度、抗压强度、抗折强度和弹性模量影响十分显著．粗集料的掺入降低了砂浆基体的扩展度和抗折强度,提高了砂浆基体的抗压强度和弹性模量,此外,粗集料改善了混凝土的抗冻性．随着粉煤灰掺量的增加,混凝土的坍落度提高,但混凝土的力学性能和抗冻性减弱．不同类型的粗集料对混凝土性能的影响相差不大,随着粉煤灰掺量的提高,不同类型粗集料混凝土性能相差也不大．     

Damping properties of fly ash/epoxy composites

An inexpensive fly ash (FA), which is from a waste product, was employed to prepare fly ash/epoxy composites. The purpose of this study is to characterize the contributions of matrix viscoelasticity, hollow structure characteristic (porosity), and filler/matrix interface friction to the high vibration damping capacity of such composites. The damping properties of the composites were investigated in the temperature range of-40 to 150℃ and in the frequency range of 10 to 800 Hz by using a tension-compression mode. The results indicate that the peak value of damping loss factor (tan3) for the fly ash/epoxy composites can reach 0.70-0.90 in test specification, and the attenuation of damping loss factor is inconspicuous with increasing frequency. In addition, scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to observe the morphology of the fly ash as well as its distribution in the matrix, which will help to analyze the effect of fly ash on the damping properties of the fly ash/epoxy composites.     

粉煤灰对混凝土热膨胀系数的影响

为了探讨了粉煤灰对混凝土热膨胀系数的影响,采用颗粒表面密封法和压汞法研究了不同品种的固相颗粒、孔隙率和龄期对水泥石热膨胀系数的影响,并采用扫描电镜和能谱分析验证了表面密封法的可靠性.实验结果表明:不同品种的固相颗粒对水泥石热膨胀系数的影响大小依次为Ca(OH)2、粉煤灰、水泥熟料、CSH凝胶;水泥石的总孔隙率随龄期的增长而减小;混凝土热膨胀系数随水化龄期的增长而升高,随粉煤灰掺量的增加先升高后降低;粉煤灰对混凝土的热膨胀系数有明显影响.     

粉煤灰掺量对含黏粒粉砂土力学性能影响

为提高粉砂土地基抵抗循环荷载的能力,采用工业废料粉煤灰对粉砂土进行改良实验。选用五种不同配合比的粉煤灰改良饱和粉砂土,对其进行直剪试验、动三轴试验和扫描电子显微镜（SEM ）试验,分析了粉煤灰掺入量对饱和改良粉砂土抗剪强度的影响,并将不同粉煤灰掺入量的饱和改良粉砂土的应力应变曲线用Hardin-DrnevichD-H 双曲线模型进行拟合,讨论粉煤灰掺入量对拟合参数的影响,随后提出了仅考虑粉煤灰掺入量影响的动弹性模量经验公式和阻尼比经验公式,最后通过SEM试验照片对素土和15%粉煤灰掺入量的改良土的微观结构进行对比。结果表明：在一定限度内,增加粉煤灰的掺入量可以有效提高土体抗剪强度、初始弹性模量,降低阻尼比的增长速度。     

矿物掺合料对高强砂浆抗化学侵蚀性能的影响

研究了矿物掺合料的种类，掺量及掺加方式（单掺、双掺、三掺）对高强砂浆的抗化学侵蚀性能影响。结果表明：在HCl溶液中侵泡6个月时，双掺和三掺矿物掺合料高强砂浆试件的抗压强度损失4．29％－5．63％，而不掺矿物掺合料的砂浆试件强度损失高达14．85％；在Na2SO4溶液和海水中，双掺和三掺矿物掺合料砂浆试件的抗压强度不仅没有降低而且还有一定程度的提高，在此基础上分析探讨了双掺，三掺矿物掺合料显著提高砂浆抗化学侵蚀性能的本质，以期为双掺或在掺高强砂浆的推广和应用奠定了试验和理论基础。