High potassium intake increases the plasma concentration and urinary excretion of vasopressin in the rat

The effect of alterations of dietary potassium intake on the plasma concentration and the urinary excretion of vasopressin was studied in male rats. Ingestion of a high potassium diet resulted in increases in the plasma concentrations of potassium and vasopressin, systolic blood pressure, urine flow, and urinary vasopressin excretion. Ingestion of a low potassium diet had little effect on the plasma vasopressin concentration and systolic blood pressure but caused decreases in the plasma potassium concentration and urinary vasopressin excretion. The results indicate that physiological changes in the plasma potassium concentration or some other consequence of altered dietary potassium intake can affect vasopressin release and excretion.     

Effects of kallidinogenase on urinary kallikrein excretion and plasma prostanoid concentrations in patients with essential hypertension

The effects of kallidinogenase on urinary kallikrein excretion, plasma immunoreactive prostanoids and platelet aggregation were investigated in patients with essential hypertension. Urinary kallikrein excretion and plasma 6-keto PGF1 alpha concentration were significantly decreased in these patients. Significant decreases in blood pressure, as well as significant increases of urinary kallikrein excretion and plasma 6-keto PGF1 alpha concentration after kallidinogenase administration were also observed.     

Effects of kallidinogenase on urinary kallikrein excretion and plasma prostanoid concentrations in patients with essential hypertension

Summary The effects of kallidinogenase on urinary kallikrein excretion, plasma immunoreactive prostanoids and platelet aggregation were investigated in patients with essential hypertension. Urinary kallikrein excretion and plasma 6-keto PGF₁ concentration were significantly decreased in these patients. Significant decreases in blood pressure, as well as significant increases of urinary kallikrein excretion and plasma 6-keto PGF₁ concentration after kallidinogenase administration were also observed.     

Acid-base homeostasis and the thyro-parathyroid glands]

Chronic metabolic acidosis entails hyperparathyroidism and osteopathy. In order to elucidate the role of the thyroparathyroids in this bone lesion production the effects of acidic diet for 7 weeks were studied in parathyroidectomized (PTX), thyroparathyroidectomized (TPTX) and shamoperated (Sh-O) growing rats. In all animals urinary excretion of calcium, phosphate, ammonium and titrable acidity was similarly increased. The rise in hydroxyproline excretion and urinary 85-sr (that was injected previous to acidic feeding) was more marked in PTX and TPTX rats. Moreover, in these animals the serum calcium level was increased, the blood pH was decreased. According to these data, an acidic diet intake that is not sufficient to elicit a fall in blood pH of normal young rats can induce severe acidosis in chronically parathyroidectomized or thyroparathyroidectomized animals; moreover the bone resorption appears more marked. It is concluded that parathyroids are involved in the extra-cellular fluid defense mechanism against acidosis by a no bone resorptive mechanism. We hypothesize that the parathyroids permit the necessary and adequate supply of bicarbonates by the bone to maintain blood pH homeostasis.     

Plasma adenosine concentrations are elevated in Dahl salt-sensitive rats

We measured plasma levels of adenosine in Dahl salt-sensitive rats (DS) and Dahl salt-resistant rats (DR) to examine the potential role of adenosine in cardiovascular regulation in this type of hypertension. Plasma adenosine concentrations were significantly higher in DS than in DR. The NaCl content in the diet did not affect plasma adenosine concentration in either DS or DR. Significant positive correlation was found between adenosine concentrations and systolic blood pressure when the data for DS and DR were analyzed together. These results suggest that adenosine may play an important role in the pathophysiology of hypertension in DS.     

Potentiating effect of aldosterone on the diuretic action of atrial extract

The typical stimulatory effect of a rat heart atrial extract on urinary water, sodium, potassium and kallikrein excretion is significantly increased by a previous administration of aldosterone (0.5 microgram/100 g b. wt) in the rat.     

Blood pressure lowering effect of eicosapentaenoic acid-rich diet in normotensive, hypertensive and hyperlipemic subjects

A mackerel diet or a herring diet in which two cans of fish fillet were consumed daily over 2 weeks within a prescribed regimen, in a crossover design, were given to 15 normotensive volunteers, 14 patients with mild essential hypertension and eight patients with type IV and V hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP). In normotensives a markedly lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure at the end of the period on the mackerel diet could be observed, whereas in hypertensive and hyperlipemic subjects only systolic blood pressure was significantly decreased. After the herring diet, which served as control, changes in blood pressure were of a minor degree.     

Alopecia induced in young mice by exposure to excess dietary zinc

Second generation mice were exposed to normal (50 ppm, Group I) or excess (2000 ppm, Group II) zinc in the maternal diet during gestation and lactation, then weaned and continued on the mother's diet until sacrifice at 8 weeks. Tibia zinc reflected dietary intake. Group II had reduced plasma copper, body weight, and hematocrit; the second coat of hair appeared late and was lighter in color than Group I, possibly as an effect of copper and pigmentation development and hair growth.     

Effects of blood sampling, anesthesia and surgery on plasma vasopressin concentration in rats.

The influence of blood sampling, anesthesia and surgery on plasma vasopressin concentration was assessed in rats. Mean plasma concentration in conscious, chronically catheterized rats was 1.4 +/- 0.1 pg/ml (n = 6). This value remained constant over repeated plasma samplings in the same animals. On the other hand, decapitation increased the plasma vasopressin concentration to 6.0 +/- 2.4 (in pg/ml) (n = 6), inactin anesthesia to 2.9 +/- 0.6 (n = 6), anesthesia and femoral cannulation to 13.3 +/- 5.8 (n = 6) and surgery for renal micropuncture to 81.3 +/- 35.0 (n = 6). It is concluded that the level of circulating plasma vasopressin is highly dependent on the sampling technique and is closely related to the extent of surgery.     

Alopecia induced in young mice by exposure to excess dietary zinc

Summary Second generation mice were exposed to normal (50 ppm, Group I) or excess (2000 ppm, Group II) zinc in the maternal diet during gestation and lactation, then weaned and continued on the mother's diet until sacrifice at 8 weeks. Tibia zinc reflected dietary intake. Group II had reduced plasma copper, body weight, and hematocrit; the second coat of hair appeared late and was lighter in color than Group I, possibly as an effect of copper and pigmentation development and hair growth.     

Effects of blood sampling,anesthesia and surgery on plasma vasopressin concentration in rats

The influence of blood sampling, anesthesia and surgery on plasma vasopressin concentration was assessed in rats. Mean plasma concentration in conscious, chronically catheterized rats was 1.4±0.1 pg/ml (n=6). This value remained constant over repeated plasma samplings in the same animals. On the other hand, decapitation increased the plasma vasopressin concentration to 6.0±2.4 (in pg/ml) (n=6), inactin anesthesia to 2.9±0.6 (n=6), anesthesia and femoral cannulation to 13.3±5.8 (n=6) and surgery for renal micropuncture to 81.3±35.0 (n=6). It is concluded that the level of circulating plasma vasopressin is highly dependent on the sampling technique and is closely related to the extent of surgery.     

Blood pressure lowering effect of eicosapentaenoic acid-rich diet in normotensive,hypertensive and hyperlipemic subjects

Summary A mackerel diet or a herring diet in which two cans of fish fillet were consumed daily over 2 weeks within a prescribed regimen, in a crossover design, were given to 15 normotensive volunteers, 14 patients with mild essential hypertension and eight patients with type IV and V hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP). In normotensives a markedly lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure at the end of the period on the mackerel diet could be observed, whereas in hypertensive and hyperlipemic subjects only systolic blood pressure was significantly decreased. After the herring diet, which served as control, changes in blood pressure were of a minor degree.     

食物分类与血压的关系研究

目的通过对人群不同食物分类的摄入天数的调查,分析食物分类与血压之间的关系。方法随机从某单位选取101名职工为调查对象,年龄在31～57岁,男性34人,女性67人。所有调查对象均进行膳食问卷调查和血压的测量,通过logistics回归分析食物分类与血压之间的关系。结果血压偏高组人群平均每周摄入各类食物的比例均较血压正常少,其中蛋类及其制品、豆类及豆制品、谷类（大米,面食,杂粮）、牛奶及奶制品、肉类（猪,牛,羊,家禽）、新鲜蔬菜和水果的天数明显少于血压正常纽（P〈0．05）;通过logistics回归分析发现,谷类、牛奶及奶制品摄入的天数的增多对血压有一定的保护作用（P〈0．05）,其logistics回归分析OR值分别为0．61、0．41。结论食用谷类及奶制品对于预防高血压发生有重要的意义。     

Potentiating effect of aldosterone on the diuretic action of atrial extract

Summary The typical stimulatory effect of a rat heart atrial extract on urinary water, sodium, potassium and kallikrein excretion is significantly increased by a previous administration of aldosterone (0.5 g/100 g b. wt) in the rat.     

Plasma 1,5-anhydroglucitol in experimental galactosemia in the rat

Feeding with a galactose-rich diet induced a substantial drop in blood plasma 1,5-anhydroglucitol concentration. The decline was proportional to the dose of galactose. The decline was less marked in xylose-fed rats.     

Plasma 1,5-anhydroglucitol in experimental galactosemia in the rat

Summary Feeding with a galactose-rich diet induced a substantial drop in blood plasma 1,5-anhydroglucitol concentration. The decline was proportional to the dose of galactose. The decline was less marked in xylose-fed rats.     

The effect of dietary lactose on the ileal absorption of sodium taurocholate in rats]

When Rats were fed a lactose containing diet, both the absorption rate of sodium taurocholate at the level of ileum and the contents of bile acids of the small intestine were increased. On the contrary, feeding of lactose did not modify the daily fecal excretion of bile acids. It therefore appears that dietary lactose increases the intestinal pool of bile acids by increasing their ileal absorption rate and that this effect of lactose is not subordinated to a modification of bile acid synthesis.     

Effect of hyperkalemia on insulin secretion

Summary The effect of hyperkalemia on insulin secretion remains undefined. We evaluated portal and peripheral insulin levels in anesthetized dogs after infusions of KCl. The mean maximal increase in peripheral plasma potassium at infusion rates of 0.2 mEq/kg/h was 0.68±0.20 mEq/l. There were no significant increases in either portal or peripheral insulin levels. In contrast, in six dogs whose plasma potassium concentration increased in each case by more than 2.0 mEq/l (infusion rate of 0.5 mEq/kg/h), portal insulin levels increased fivefold (p<0.05). We conclude that only marked increases in plasma potassium concentration stimulate pancreatic insulin secretion.     

Ouabain--a link in the genesis of high blood pressure?

Hypertension or high blood pressure is a risk factor that increases risk of myocardial infarction, renal failure or cerebral stroke. The pathogenesis of hypertension is due to a variety of causes, including inherited predisposition, dietary habits, especially salt intake, smoking, and also 'general lifestyle'. But for the scientist interested in the complex interplay of physiological and molecular factors, the actual causes of high blood pressure remain uninvestigated. The following article is concerned with new reports that ouabain, a plant derivative, occurs in human beings, in whom it appears to have a hormonal function; ouabain may even play a key role in the pathogenesis of hypertension. We are thus brought a step closer to the background of cardiovascular disease; we may also be afforded a lead to a new therapeutic principle.     

Ouabain — a link in the genesis of high blood pressure

Hypertension or high blood pressure is a risk factor that increases risk of myocardial infarction, renal failure or cerebral stroke. The pathogenesis of hypertension is due to a variety of causes, including inherited predisposition, dietary habits, especially salt intake, smoking, and also ‘general lifestyle’. But for the scientist interested in the complex interplay of physiological and molecular factors, the actual causes of high blood pressure remain uninvestigated. The following article is concerned with new reports that ouabain, a plant derivative, occurs in human beings, in whom it appears to have a hormonal function; ouabain may even play a key role in the pathogenesis of hypertension. We are thus brought a step closer to the background of cardiovascular disease; we may also be afforded a lead to a new therapeutic principle.