强降雨作用下浅层滑坡的入渗及稳定性

为了研究降雨入渗对边坡稳定性的影响,基于Mein-Larson入渗模型,提出坡面供水强度和坡面入渗能力的概念,建立了坡面降雨入渗模型.将坡面降雨入渗模型与无限边坡极限平衡法相结合,建立了以土、水混合体为研究对象,考虑水对岩土体力学参数弱化的稳定性评价模型.最后应用建立的模型对一边坡算例进行了降雨入渗和稳定性分析.结果表明:坡面供水强度和入渗能力均随坡角的增大而减小.在降雨条件下,把水和土的混合物作为研究对象和把土骨架作为研究对象所得到的稳定性计算结果是一致的.降雨强度是控制滑坡失稳的重要参数,它的增强会加快湿润锋的运移速度和边坡表面入渗能力的衰减.降雨会造成湿润锋的不断下移,湿润锋处的安全系数随之降低,一旦安全系数达到临界状态,边坡将发生失稳破坏.     

降雨入渗参数对粗粒土路堤暂态饱和区影响的数值模拟

为探讨降雨入渗条件下粗粒土路堤边坡暂态饱和区的形成条件,分析降雨入渗参数对暂态饱和区发展规律的影响,基于室内外试验数据与实际气象数据,拟定不同的数值计算方案,采用降雨入渗理论对降雨入渗参数影响下粗粒土路堤边坡雨水入渗过程进行数值模拟。结果表明：降雨强度q与饱和渗透系数ksat的比值是决定路堤内雨水入渗方式及暂态饱和区形成的关键因素,当q／ksat≥1.5时,路堤边坡表面及坡脚水平面将形成一定深度的暂态饱和区,暂态饱和区的形成增大了路堤发生失稳的可能;降雨入渗仅会引起路堤边坡坡面以下水位大幅度上升,对路面中部以下地下水位影响有限;路堤边坡暂态饱和区的扩展速度主要取决于q与ksat的大小,而暂态饱和区形成的时间与扩展面积则受到降雨强度、降雨历时与饱和含水率的共同影响。     

基于降雨入渗试验的黄土边坡稳定性研究

降雨入渗是黄土地区边坡失稳破坏的最主要诱发因素,选取陕西关中地区典型黄土边坡为研究对象进行人工降雨试验,分析了黄土边坡降雨入渗规律及边坡破坏机理,并采用有限元软件对降雨入渗作用下孔隙水压力、最大剪应力以及稳定性进行了数值模拟.试验结果表明,边坡土体的渗透系数与孔隙水压力呈指数函数关系,边坡土体的含水率与孔隙水压力呈移动平均函数关系,坡体垂直入渗深度比水平入渗深度要高,且入渗速率也存在差异.同时,边坡稳定性数值分析表明,随着降雨历时增长,坡体安全系数逐渐降低直至发生失稳.     

不同降雨条件下裂隙性土质边坡渗流特性分析

降雨入渗条件下裂隙性土质边坡稳定性与降雨强度及降雨类型密切相关.为探究不同降雨强度及不同降雨类型对裂隙性土质边坡降雨入渗过程的影响,运用Geo-studio有限元分析软件中的Seep/w模块,研究了不同裂隙深度及孔隙比的裂隙性土质边坡在小雨、中雨及大雨情况下分别经历前锋型、平均型、中锋型及后锋型4种不同降雨类型的渗透特性,得到了裂隙面的孔压与体积含水量变化规律,结果表明:存在临界渗透比ε′,渗透比大于ε′,体积含水率及孔压随埋深增大而增大,反之,随埋深增大而减小.渗透比大于临界渗透比,不同雨强及雨型条件下土体体积含水率及孔压随埋深变化均呈反S型,拐点深度由裂隙深度决定.不同降雨类型使某一时段内土体体积含水量及孔压在数值上产生差异.不同降雨强度决定裂隙边坡土体渗流过程的控制因素,降雨强度大于土体入渗强度时,降雨入渗由土体渗透系数控制,降雨强度足够大时,不同渗透比下的裂隙土体体积含水率变化趋势将会相同.     

降雨与堆载耦合条件下的黄土强度骤降效应

基于三轴试验对黄土原状和重塑试样进行了不同加载状态下的增湿试验,模拟原状黄土边坡和黄土填土边坡持续堆载后,由降雨入渗导致黄土中含水量持续增大引起的黄土滑坡形成过程.结果表明,工程堆载后的黄土边坡遇水后会引起强度显著降低,降幅6.25%～68.35%.定义黄土增湿后与干燥状态下的峰值强度的比值为应力恢复比,发现黄土应力恢复比随围压的增加而减小,表明工程堆载量越大,降雨入渗产生的增湿效应越易引发黄土滑坡.     

Numerical simulation of effects of rainfall infiltration parameters on transient saturated areas of coarse-grained soil embankment

为探讨降雨入渗条件下粗粒土路堤边坡暂态饱和区的形成条件,分析降雨入渗参数对暂态饱和区发展规律的影响,基于室内外试验数据与实际气象数据,拟定不同的数值计算方案,采用降雨入渗理论对降雨入渗参数影响下粗粒土路堤边坡雨水入渗过程进行数值模拟。结果表明:降雨强度q与饱和渗透系数k_sat的比值是决定路堤内雨水入渗方式及暂态饱和区形成的关键因素,当q/k_sat≥1.5时,路堤边坡表面及坡脚水平面将形成一定深度的暂态饱和区,暂态饱和区的形成增大了路堤发生失稳的可能;降雨入渗仅会引起路堤边坡坡面以下水位大幅度上升,对路面中部以下地下水位影响有限;路堤边坡暂态饱和区的扩展速度主要取决于q与k_sat的大小,而暂态饱和区形成的时间与扩展面积则受到降雨强度、降雨历时与饱和含水率的共同影响。     

地震和降雨条件下黄土高填方边坡稳定性分析

针对地震和降雨会影响黄土高填方边坡稳定性的问题,采用地震动力计算、完全流固耦合计算和强度折减计算,对正在使用的黄土高填方边坡进行分析,并对边坡土体位移时程、加速度功率频谱、吸力、有效应力和最小安全性系数进行分析,研究地震和降雨入渗条件对正在使用的黄土高填方边坡稳定性的影响.结果表明:地震作用对黄土高填方边坡表层土体作用大于填方基底土体作用;降雨入渗对边坡土体的影响范围为表层土体和浅层土体;降雨入渗使得边坡表层土体的吸力和有效应力减小,而使浅层土体局部吸力增大;降雨过程中边坡表层土体有效应力减小,浅层土体有效应力先增加后逐渐减小;地震后降雨入渗引起边坡最危险滑移面区域发生改变,降雨速率和降雨持续时间均对最小安全性系数有影响,降雨结束后边坡最小安全性系数降低.该研究为三维条件下地震和降雨入渗对正在使用的黄土高填方边坡稳定性研究提供参考.     

降雨入渗-地表径流下延安卸荷黄土边坡侵蚀演化特征

明确卸荷黄土边坡降雨侵蚀规律对地质灾害防治和流域生态治理具有重要意义。以延安卸荷黄土边坡降雨侵蚀灾害为研究背景,利用自行开发的降雨入渗-地表径流黄土边坡试验平台,研究降雨强度、降雨历时对卸荷黄土边坡入渗量、径流量、土壤流失量以及坡体含水率的影响,揭示降雨作用下卸荷黄土边坡侵蚀演化规律。研究结果表明：1）降雨初期坡面雨水以入渗为主,入渗量约为地表径流量的2～8倍;随着降雨历时增加,地表径流量呈增加趋势,雨水入渗量呈减少趋势;短历时强降雨条件下地表径流量小于入渗量,而持续强降雨条件下地表径流量大于入渗量。2）坡面侵蚀产沙量与降雨强度呈正相关关系,持续强降雨条件下的土壤流失量约为短历时强降雨的10.81倍。3）地表土体含水率随降雨次数增加呈现快速增长到缓慢增长再到平稳状态的发展过程,随降雨强度降低呈减小趋势;相同雨强下,持续强降雨下的地表土体含水率较短历时强降雨增长了9.62%;坡面中、底部浅层土体含水率增长速率高于坡面顶部。4）持续强降雨下边坡侵蚀灾变演化过程为雨水入渗→浅表层土体增湿→坡面密集溅蚀坑→地表径流→浅、细、短的侵蚀沟槽→深、宽、长的侵蚀沟槽→坡体浅层滑塌,坡面侵蚀破坏范围表现...     

基于透明土技术的非饱和均匀流运移机理分析

为刻画降雨入渗下土壤内部非饱和均匀流的运移特征，借助透明土试验技术开展室内模型试验，利用黑白参考点像素强度校正自由入渗透明土像素强度，并建立归一化像素强度与饱和度的函数关系，分析不同边界条件下透明土非饱和均匀入渗的特征.研究表明：可用像素强度表征非饱和透明土饱和度，模拟非饱和透明土均匀入渗过程；开放式系统排气顺利，封闭式系统入渗过程受气体阻碍，其饱和度约为开放式系统的0.8倍，湿润锋到达潜水层边界后出现饱和锋，饱和度略小于开放式系统；通气条件下湿润锋经过时孔压从0kPa逐渐上升，封气条件下流体入渗时孔压从0kPa开始上升；入渗率和累计入渗量随初始含油率的增大而减小，随输油强度的减小而减小.     

降雨条件下拓宽路堤稳定性数值分析

基于非饱和渗流理论,在有限差分软件FLAC3D渗流模块的基础上,采用内置FISH语言自编程序实现了降雨条件下拓宽路堤上饱和-非饱和渗流过程的模拟,进而分析了降雨入渗对拓宽路堤孔隙水压力和饱和度的影响,以及土工格栅加筋和填料渗透系数对降雨条件下拓宽路堤稳定性的影响.研究结果表明:降雨初期路堤土体基质吸力迅速降低,边坡最先达到饱和状态,形成暂态饱和区;考虑降雨入渗影响时,拓宽路堤安全系数明显减小,土工格栅加筋可有效减小降雨入渗对拓宽路堤稳定性的影响;新路堤填料渗透系数对降雨条件下拓宽路堤稳定性的影响较大,实际工程中应保证路堤填土的压实度并采取边坡防护措施以减小雨水入渗的影响.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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