颗粒间隧穿体系H-A模型的磁电阻翻转效应

基于HELMAN-ABELES模型,超越传统的一级近似,对磁场相关库仑阻塞下体系的磁输运性质进行了系统的理论分析.我们发现,磁场相关的库仑能隙将引起低温下的正磁电阻发散行为,该行为与自旋极化引起的低温负磁电阻相互竞争,使体系的宏观磁电阻随参数的区域变化呈现出复杂的特征.我们分析了该正磁电阻出现的根本原因,从而指出影响磁电阻的因素除了传统的自旋极化率之外,还有与之效果相反的自旋相关库仑能隙的作用,后者为颗粒体系中的磁电阻效应提供了新的可能来源.     

纳米结构中电子输运受到磁电垒影响的研究

我们使用转移矩阵方法,详细研究了纳米结构中的弹性电子的透射几率、自旋极化和电导,发现这些物理量敏感地依赖于周期性的磁电垒的周期数.随着周期数增加, 共振劈裂数目增加,共振峰增多导致共振峰变尖锐,同时自旋极化也加强.奇怪的是,在这种结构中通过自旋依赖的共振输运可以获得100%的自旋极化,尽管此结构中的平均磁场为零.     

铁磁/半导体/铁磁异质结构的自旋极化输运

采用相干量子输运理论和传递矩阵方法,研究了具有不同自旋指向的极化电子渡越铁磁/半导体/铁磁异质结构的隧穿几率和自旋极化率.研究表明,隧穿几率和自旋极化率随半导体长度的改变发生周期性变化、随Rashba自旋轨道耦合强度的改变发生准周期变化,并且在2铁磁电极中磁矩取向平行时;选择适当的半导体的长度和Rashba自旋轨道耦合强度可以得到较大的自旋极化率.     

铁磁/半导体/铁磁隧道结中的隧穿磁电阻

采用相干量子输运理论和传递矩阵方法研究了具有不同自旋指向的极化电子渡越铁磁/半导体/铁磁隧道结的隧穿几率和隧穿磁电阻。研究表明隧穿几率和隧穿磁电阻随半导体长度的改变发生周期性变化、随Rashba自旋轨道耦合强度的改变发生准周期变化,并且在两铁磁电极中磁矩取向平行时,选择适当的半导体的长度和Rashba自旋轨道耦合强度可以得到较大的隧穿磁电阻。     

铁磁/半导体/铁磁异质结中电子的自旋翻转及磁电阻效应

考虑半导体中自旋轨道耦合作用的自旋翻转效应及铁磁半导体边界处的界面势垒作用,研究了自旋极化电子在准一维铁磁/半导体/铁磁(F/S/F)异质结中的输运行为.数值结果表明,随着界面势垒的增大能够实现电子自旋的翻转.随着两边铁磁体磁化方向夹角的变化,磁电阻在夹角为π处出现正负转变,而且磁电阻正负值的绝对值关于夹角π不对称,这些现象均起源于Rashba自旋轨道耦合作用而不是Dresselhaus自旋轨道耦合作用.与Dresselhaus自旋轨道耦合作用相比,Rashba自旋轨道耦合作用更能增大磁电阻效应.     

人造双原子分子的自旋极化电子输运

利用非平衡格林函数方法研究了Aharonov-Bohm环中人造双原子分子的自旋极化电子输运性质.计算了量子点中自旋相关的占有数、自旋积累以及系统总电导和自旋极化率.发现两电极之间的耦合强度以及量子点之间的耦合强度对系统自旋相关输运性质以及总的电导有重要影响.     

FeCo-SiO_2颗粒膜的磁性和隧道磁电阻效应研究

用射频共溅射的方法制备了不同金属含量φ的 Fe- Si O2 金属 -绝缘体颗粒膜 ,系统研究了薄膜的微结构、磁性以及隧道磁电阻 ( TMR)效应 .在φ=0 .33处得到最大磁电阻比 RTMR为- 3. 3% .在同样的制备条件下保持φ =0 . 33,用 Co 取代 Fe 得到一系列的( Fe10 0 -x Cox) 0 .33( Si O2 ) 0 .67的颗粒膜 .对其 TMR的研究发现在 x =53时得到最大的磁电阻比为 -4 .3% ,且 Co对 Fe的替代基本没有影响薄膜的微结构 .由 Inoue关于隧道磁电阻效应的理论得到的自旋极化率 P和 Co的原子百分数 x的关系曲线和实验测得的 RTMR ～ x曲线具有相似的变化趋势 .表明在 Fe Co- Si O2 膜中由于磁性颗粒自旋极化率 P的提高而使 RTMR 变大 .这也和基于第一原理的线性缀加平面波方法得到的理论计算结果一致 .     

单分子磁体耦合铁磁电极的量子输运

用主方程方法研究单分子磁体与两个铁磁电极耦合的自旋极化输运特性,对左右铁磁电极的自旋极化方向成任意角的情况,计算了单分子磁体量子态的占据率及通过系统的电流和隧穿磁阻(TMR).态的占据率随时问的变化表明单分子磁体的自旋翻转,当时间足够长时,占据率达到稳态,不同的夹角发生翻转现象的时间不同.这些结果为磁性分子器件的设计提供了理论依据.     

Co/Cu/Co结构中纳米氮化物界面掺杂研究

研究了纳米氮化物(NNL)界面掺杂对Co/Cu/Co磁电阻的影响.当NNL在下界面(Co/Cu)掺杂时,得到了反常磁电阻为-0.043%;当NNL在上界面(Cu/Co)掺杂时,磁电阻近似为0;当NNL同时在上、下界面掺杂时,得到的反常磁电阻为-0.005%.运用Camley-Barnas的玻尔兹曼半经典理论模型,通过调整界面参数计算其磁电阻,发现改变界面自旋相关散射系数能对实验结果给出合理解释,证明了NNL掺杂确实能改变界面自旋相关散射系数.     

双势垒磁性隧道结中电子的自旋极化输运

 采用相干量子输运理论和传递矩阵方法,数值计算了两端具有铁磁接触的双势垒异质结构(F/DB/F)中自旋相关的隧穿几率和自旋极化率。结果表明,隧穿几率和自旋极化率随阱宽的增加发生振荡周期不随垒厚变化的周期性振荡;Rashba自旋轨道耦合强度的增加加大了隧穿几率和自旋极化率的振荡频率;隧穿几率和自旋极化率的振幅和峰谷比强烈依赖于两铁磁电极中磁化方向的夹角。与铁磁/半导体/铁磁（F/S/F）磁性隧道结中的结果相比,发现垒厚的增加增大了隧穿几率和自旋极化率的峰谷比,自旋极化率的取值明显增大,并具有自旋劈裂和自旋翻转现象出现。     

铁磁条对石墨烯中谷依赖电子输运性质的影响

本文建立了铁磁条和硬势垒共同调制下的石墨烯纳米结构模型，计算了铁磁条产生的磁场的大小和铁磁条的宽度对石墨烯中谷依赖的电子输运性质的影响，重点研究了该石墨烯纳米结构中电子的电导和谷极化特征. 数值计算结果表明，该纳米结构中可实现显著的谷极化效应，且磁场的大小和铁磁条的宽度均会对其中的电子电导和谷极化产生较大的影响. 因此，我们可以通过控制铁磁条的宽度和其产生的磁场的大小来获得实际需要的谷极化强度. 这项研究有助于理解和设计谷电子学设备.     

Magnetoresistance of the thin film ferromagnetic nanoconstrictions

The magnetoresistance and I-V characteristics at different temperatures of the thin film ferromagnetic nanoconstrictions of variable width (from 20 to 250 nm) and 10 nm thicknesses, fabricated by electron beam lithography and vacuum thin film deposition are compared. The magnetoresistance and resistance of the thin film ferromagnetic nanoconstrictions are not related to the width of the nanoconstrictions. Instead the resistance of the local nano-region in the middle of the thin film ferromagnetic nanoconstriction has only a minor role compared to that of the two microscale thin film ferromagnetic electrodes, which contribute the majority of the measured resistance. The magnetoresistances of the thin film ferromagnetic nanoconstrictions and a 0.2 cm × 0.8 cm thin ferromagnetic film deposited under the same conditions were also compared; the thin film ferromagnetic nanoconstrictions have higher magnetoresistances than the thin ferromagnetic film, which implies that the measured magnetoresistance of the thin film ferromagnetic nanoconstrictions comes mainly from the local nano-region in their centers. In conclusion, the measured magnetoresistance of the whole sample is similar to the anisotropic magnetoresistance, because the resistance of the two microscale thin film ferromagnetic electrodes is much higher than that of the local nano-region in the middle of the samples. Comparing the experimental results for the thin film ferromagnetic nanoconstrictions and the thin ferromagnetic film reveals that the magnetoresistance of the local nano-region in the middle of the sample is much higher than that of the two microscale thin film ferromagnetic electrodes attached to it.     

自旋相关耦合双量子点的非平衡输运特性

采用K e ldysh非平衡格林函数方法,研究了电子通过耦合双量子点的自旋极化输运特性.我们考虑量子点中的电子电子相互作用,在H artree-Fock近似下给出自旋分离流的普遍表达式.数值结果显示:随着偏压的增加,不同自旋取向的电子所占居的等效能级相继进入偏压窗口,自旋极化流振荡,电荷流持续增加.这些变化特性可以很好的用自旋相关的共振隧穿理论给予解释.     

纳米带中涡旋畴壁在磁场驱动下的振荡行为

利用微磁学模拟软件(OOMMF),对坡莫合金纳米带中涡旋畴壁在略高于Walker极限的磁场驱动下的动力学行为进行模拟,分析外磁场强度、纳米带尺寸及自旋极化电流对畴壁振荡频率的影响。结果表明,纳米带中涡旋畴壁的振荡频率随外磁场强度的增大而增加,随着纳米带宽度的增加呈先增加后减小再增大最后基本保持不变的趋势;外加与磁场方向相反的平衡电流,虽然不改变畴壁振荡频率随外磁场强度和纳米带宽度的变化规律,但能起到减小畴壁振荡频率的作用,且平衡电流随外磁场强度和纳米带宽度的变化趋势与畴壁振荡频率基本相反,而其随着阻尼系数的增大而线性增加。     

NM/FI/NI/FI/NM新型双自旋过滤隧道结的隧穿磁电阻

在NM/FI/FI/NM型双自旋过滤隧道结(NM为非磁金属,FI和后面的NI分别为铁磁和非磁绝缘体或半导体)的基础上,提出一种NM/FI/NI/FI/NM新型双自旋过滤隧道结.基于自由电子近似并利用转移矩阵方法,对NM/FI/NI/FI/NM新型双自旋过滤隧道结在不同偏压下的隧穿磁电阻TMR与FI层厚度及NI层厚度的关系做了理论研究.计算结果表明,在NM/FI/NI/FI/NM型双自旋过滤隧道结中仍可以得到很大的TMR值.     

金属-绝缘体颗粒膜隧穿磁电阻效应的修正理论

基于Inoue模型,提出了一个修正理论来研究金属-绝缘体颗粒膜的隧穿磁电阻效应.假定颗粒膜中铁磁颗粒的尺寸服从对数正态函数,通过两个临界尺寸D1(T)和D2(T)将颗粒膜中的铁磁颗粒分为三类:超顺磁颗粒、单畴铁磁颗粒和多畴颗粒.同时引进一个参数k2来描述超顺磁颗粒与单畴铁磁颗粒对颗粒膜巨磁电阻效应影响的权重,另一个参数k1来描述基体对铁磁颗粒自旋极化率的影响.计算结果表明仅有单畴铁磁颗粒对颗粒膜的隧穿磁电阻效应起主导作用.     

Magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs)

We review the giant tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) in ferromagnetic-insulator-ferromagnetic junctions discovered in recent years, which is the magnetoresistance (MR) associated with the spin-dependent tunneling between two ferromagnetic metal films separated by an insulating thin tunnel barrier. The theoretical and experimental results including junction conductance, magnetoresistance and their temperature and bias dependences are described.     

Spin-based logic in semiconductors for reconfigurable large-scale circuits

Research in semiconductor spintronics aims to extend the scope of conventional electronics by using the spin degree of freedom of an electron in addition to its charge. Significant scientific advances in this area have been reported, such as the development of diluted ferromagnetic semiconductors, spin injection into semiconductors from ferromagnetic metals and discoveries of new physical phenomena involving electron spin. Yet no viable means of developing spintronics in semiconductors has been presented. Here we report a theoretical design that is a conceptual step forward-spin accumulation is used as the basis of a semiconductor computer circuit. Although the giant magnetoresistance effect in metals has already been commercially exploited, it does not extend to semiconductor/ferromagnet systems, because the effect is too weak for logic operations. We overcome this obstacle by using spin accumulation rather than spin flow. The basic element in our design is a logic gate that consists of a semiconductor structure with multiple magnetic contacts; this serves to perform fast and reprogrammable logic operations in a noisy, room-temperature environment. We then introduce a method to interconnect a large number of these gates to form a 'spin computer'. As the shrinking of conventional complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) transistors reaches its intrinsic limit, greater computational capability will mean an increase in both circuit area and power dissipation. Our spin-based approach may provide wide margins for further scaling and also greater computational capability per gate.     

磁场对体心立方双层铁磁性薄膜中的自旋波能谱的影响

采用界面重参数化方法,在周期性边界条件下严格求解了界面铁磁耦合的体心立方异质型双层铁磁性薄膜自旋波本征值问题,研究了两层薄膜中自旋波能带结构.在此基础上重点讨论了垂直于膜面的外加磁场对自旋波能带结构的影响,结果表明,磁场对自旋波的能带结构有很大的影响,足够大的磁场可以使体模消失.     

Electronic spin transport and spin precession in single graphene layers at room temperature

Electronic transport in single or a few layers of graphene is the subject of intense interest at present. The specific band structure of graphene, with its unique valley structure and Dirac neutrality point separating hole states from electron states, has led to the observation of new electronic transport phenomena such as anomalously quantized Hall effects, absence of weak localization and the existence of a minimum conductivity. In addition to dissipative transport, supercurrent transport has also been observed. Graphene might also be a promising material for spintronics and related applications, such as the realization of spin qubits, owing to the low intrinsic spin orbit interaction, as well as the low hyperfine interaction of the electron spins with the carbon nuclei. Here we report the observation of spin transport, as well as Larmor spin precession, over micrometre-scale distances in single graphene layers. The 'non-local' spin valve geometry was used in these experiments, employing four-terminal contact geometries with ferromagnetic cobalt electrodes making contact with the graphene sheet through a thin oxide layer. We observe clear bipolar (changing from positive to negative sign) spin signals that reflect the magnetization direction of all four electrodes, indicating that spin coherence extends underneath all of the contacts. No significant changes in the spin signals occur between 4.2 K, 77 K and room temperature. We extract a spin relaxation length between 1.5 and 2 mum at room temperature, only weakly dependent on charge density. The spin polarization of the ferromagnetic contacts is calculated from the measurements to be around ten per cent.