Prediction of Solid-Liquid Equilibrium for KCl in Mixed Water-Ethanol Solutions Using the LIQUAC Model

Introduction The solubilities of nearly insoluble salts in water can be calculated directly using their solubility product constants, since at low ion concentrations the required activity coefficients are very close to unity. At higher concentrations, the mean activity coefficients of the ions have to be taken into account. In 1994, Li et al.[1,2] developed the LIQUAC model for systems with strong electrolytes based on results from statistical thermodynamics taking into account the interact…     

Nitric oxide suppresses stomatal opening by inhibiting inward-rectifying K<Stack><Subscript>in</Subscript><Superscript>+</Superscript></Stack> channels in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Arabidopsis</Emphasis> guard cells

We explore nitric oxide （NO） effect on K^＋in, channels in Arabidopsis guard cells. We observed NO inhibited K^＋in, currents when Ca^2＋ chelator EGTA （Ethylene glycol-bis（2-aminoethylether）-N,N,N′,N;tetraacetic acid） was not added in the pipette solution; K^＋in currents were not sensitive to NO when cytosolic Ca^2＋ was chelated by EGTA. NO inhibited the Arabidopsis stomatal opening, but when EGTA was added in the bath solution, inhibition effect of NO on stomatal opening vanished. Thus, it implies that NO elevates cytosolic Ca^2＋ by activating plasma membrane Ca^2＋ channels firstly, then inactivates K^＋in, chartnels, resulting in stomatal opening suppressed subsequently.     

Partitioning regularity of nonionic organic mixtures in organic phase/water system

The partitioning regularity of nonionic organic mixtures in organic phase/water system is revealed. The equation for calculating the partition coefficients of mixtures ( K_MD ), together with the determination model, is derived from the equilibrium partitioning models (EPMs). Based on these derived equations, the K_MD values of 20 mixtures containing halogenated benzenes are obtained. The results show that stronger hydrophobicity of an individual chemical in the mixture results in the stronger hydrophobicity of the mixture and the greater the proportion of this chemical, the stronger the hydrophobicity of the mixture will be. This partitioning regularity is helpful to the study of the toxicity for mixtures and the environmental behavior, such as transfer or accumulation, for mixed organic pollutants.     

Equilibrium dialysis study on the interaction between Cu(II) and HSA or BSA

The interaction of Cu(II) and human serum albumin (HSA) or bovine serum albumin (BSA) at physiological pH is studied by equilibrium dialysis. The successive stability constants are obtained by non-linear least square methods fitting Bjerrum formula. For both the Cu(II)-HSA and Cu(II)-BSA systems, the order of magnitude of K₁ and K₂ was found to be ≈10⁴ mol⁻¹· dm³. There are about twenty stoichiometry binding sites found in one HSA or BSA molecule. They can be divided into two or three sets. Results of equilibrium dialysis experiments suggest that there exists one strong metal binding site in both Cu(II)-HSA and Cu (II)-BSA. It is the imidazol group nitrogen atoms of His³ that are primarily concerned with copper binding site. After reaching dialysis equilibrium, there is the interaction among the different binding sites, the values ofK all deviate from the simple statistical effect except forK ₁ and K₂ in both Cu(II)-HSA and Cu(II)-BSA systems, and the positive cooperative effect is found.     

丙酮－PMMA及乙酸乙酯－PMMA系统汽液平衡研究

采用石英弹簧重量法，对三种不同相对分子质量的ＰＭＭＡ单分散样品，测定了３５℃下丙酮－ＰＭＭＡ、乙酸乙酯－ＰＭＭＡ系统的汽液平衡数据。分析了Ｆｌｏｒｙ－Ｈｕｇｇｉｎｓ相互作用参数χ与溶液组成及样品相对分子质量的关系。用Ｅｌｂｒｏ－ＦＶ模型预测了溶剂活度系数，并与实验结果进行了比较。     

UNIFAC-PR模型应用范围的进一步拓展

利用Nelder-Meand扩展单形求极值法估算出了预测型的UNIFAC-PR模型的18对新的基团交互作用参数,进一步扩大了UNIFAC-PR模型的应用范围．并根据新估算出的基团交互作用参数对35个二元汽液相平衡体系盼泡点压力和汽相组成进行了预测,预测值和实验值吻合良好．     

1株嗜碱放线菌的生理学特性研究及其鉴定

 对从青海茶卡盐湖岸土样中分离到的1株生理较特殊的嗜碱放线菌YIM80305的生长pH范围,不同碱性物质KOH,K₂CO₃,NaOH,Na₂CO₃对其生长的影响,耐NaCl,KCl特性进行了研究.同时从形态,细胞壁类型,16SrDNA等方面进行了鉴定.结果发现YIM80305对Na⁺碱性物质有一定依赖性,对K⁺敏感,YIM80305可能是Streptomyces属的1个新种.     

Reduced Na+ and K+ permeability of K+ channel in plasma membrane isolated from roots of salt-tolerant mutant of wheat

The Na⁺ and K⁺ permeability of K⁺ channel in plasma membrane, isolated from roots of the salt-tolerant mutant of wheat, was lower than that of wild type in 100 mmol/L KCl and NaCl solution. The opening frequency of K⁺ channel of the mutant reduced more significantly than that of wild type in two kinds of solution mentioned above. It is assumed that the reduction of opening frequency mainly contributes to the Na⁺ and K⁺ permeability of K⁺ channel of the mutant. The electric conductance of single-channel of the mutant was similar to that of wild type and the main difference between them was exhibited as the opening frequency. Their K⁺/Ka⁺ selectivity of K⁺ channel had no significant difference. The K⁺/Na⁺ selectivity of the mutant and wild type was 3.35 and 3.18 respectively.     

化工分离中相平衡研究进展

相平衡是分离过程的理论基础,对化工分离过程中的理论研究和工业应用具有极为重要的价值。本文在介绍了汽-液相平衡热力学模型及固-液相平衡测定方法的基础上,综述了近年来以离子液体为溶剂的汽-液相平衡以及激光动态监测法固-液相平衡的研究进展,介绍了典型物系的相平衡研究近况,并在最后提出了几点对未来化工分离中相平衡重点研究方向的看法。     

Regulation of the inward K+-channels in stomatal guard cells by cytoskeletal microtubules

Patch clamp techniques were applied to investigating the regulation of the inward K⁺-channels inVicia stomatal guard cells by cytoskeletal microtubules. The intracellular addition of either microtubule-disassembling reagent amprophos-methyl (APM) or microtubule-stabilizing reagent taxol resulted in significant inhibition of the inward K⁺-currents across the plasma membranes ofVicia stomatal guard cells. The results suggest that the activation of the inward K⁺-channels in stomatal guard cells requires proper dynamic organization of cytoskeletal microtubules. The regulation of the inward K⁺-channels in guard cells by microtubules may mediate the regulation of stomatal movements by cytoskeleton.     

Circular dichroism spectroscopic studies on structures formed by telomeric DNA sequencesin vitro

Telomere plays an important role in cellular processes, such as cell aging, death and carcinogenisis. Having special sequences, it can form quadruplex structurein vitro. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopic studies show that TTAGGG, (TTAGGG)₂ and (TTAGGG)₄ can all form quadruplexin vitro and exist mainly as parallel quadruplex without metal ions. Both K⁺ and Na⁺ can stabilize the tetrameric structure and facilitate the forming of anti-parallel conformation. Furthermore, the conformations of quadruplex can also be affected by sequence length, the nature and concentration of metal ions.     

H2O—DMF—HCOOH体系汽液相平衡研究

在常压下测定了 Ｈ２Ｏ－ＤＭＦ－ＨＣＯＯＨ体系的汽液平衡数据并进行了热 力学关联计算，测定了三组二元体系和一组三元体系的汽液相平衡数据。用 Ｗｉｌｓｏｎ方程和缔合模型进行了热力学关联，求得Ｈ２Ｏ，ＤＭＦ，ＨＣＯＯＨ之间 的 Ｗｉｌｓｏｎ方程配偶参数。由二元配偶参数推算了 Ｈ２Ｏ－ＤＭＦ－ＨＣＯＯＨ三元体 系汽液相平衡数据，并与实验数据进行比较；其结果令人满意。     

滹沱河地下水超采区人工回灌的水岩相互作用模拟

人工回灌条件下回灌水与地下水混合带的水岩相互作用是决定地下水水质演化和含水层发生化学堵塞的关键过程。为研究人工回灌对滹沱河地下水超采区水质演化的影响,以石家庄市人工回灌场地为例,利用石津灌渠水作为回灌水源,通过室内实验结合反向水文地球化学模拟揭示回灌层位地表水与地下水混合带的水-岩相互作用机理。结果显示：混合带水的TDS（total dissolved solids）变化特征表现为先增大后缓慢降低,且地表水占比越大、含水介质粒径越细,则其变幅越大;混合带水中主要离子质量浓度变化特征受混合、碳酸平衡、溶解-沉淀、阳离子交换及硝化作用控制,其中K⁺、Ca²⁺、SO₄^2-质量浓度主要受溶解-沉淀作用控制,Na⁺、Cl^-、HCO₃^-、NO₃^-质量浓度主要受混合NO₃^-作用控制,Mg²⁺质量浓度主要受阳离子交换作用...     

Cesium accumulation by bacterium Thermus sp. TibetanG7： hints for biomineralization of cesiumbearing geyserite in hot sprinss in Tibet, China

The bacterium Thermus sp. TibetanG7, isolated from hot springs in Tibet, China, was examined for the ability to accumulate cesium from solutions. Environmental conditions were simulated and the effects of pH, K^＋, Na^＋and K^＋-regimes were then studied to determine the possible role of the bacterium in the formation of cesium-bearing geyserite around these hot springs. In despite of the inhibition of K^＋ and Na^＋, the bacterium Thermus sp. TibetanG7 revealed noticeable accumulation of cesium from solutions, with maximum accumulations of 53.49 and 40.41 pmol Cesium/g cell dry weight in Na^＋ and K^＋ inhibition experiments, respectively. The accumulation of cesium by this microorganism is rapid, with 40% --50% accumulated within the first 5 min. K^＋-deficient cells showed a much higher capacity of cesium accumulation compared with K^＋-sufficient cells. It is evident that the bacteria within the genus thermus play a significant role in the cesium assembly. The formation of cesium-bearing geyserite is also considered.     

Effect of fatty acids on polyamine contents and Na+/H+ antiport activity in PM vesicles isolated from roots of barley under salt stress

With 200 mmol/L NaCl treatment on barley cultivar “Jian 4” (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. J4) seedlings for 6 d, the contents of covalently and noncovalently conjugated polyamines (PAs) and activities of H⁺-ATPase in plasma membrane (PM) vesicles isolated from the roots decreased remarkably. Moreover, the activity of Na⁺/H⁺ antiport was detected first in PM vesicles. The results showed that the decrease in the contents of membrane phospholipid, noncovalently conjugated PAs and activity of H⁺-ATPase caused by NaCl could be restored partially by application of 1 mmol/L stearie acid (C_16:0) and linoleic acid (C_18:2), and C_18:2 was more effective than C_16:0 In addition, a reduction in the contents of covalently conjugated PAs was only reversed partially in the presence of C_18:2 Furthermore, Na⁺/H⁺ antiport activity was strengthened by exogenous C_16:0 and C_18:2 and C_18:2 was more effective than C_16:0. The correlative analysis suggested that, after application of C_16:0 and C_18:2 under salt stress, there was a significant positive correlation existing among phospholipid content, noncovalently conjugated PA levels, H⁺-ATPase activities and Na⁺/H⁺ antiport activities, indicating that one of the mitigative mechanisms of exogenous fatty acids on salt injury was to improve membrane phospholipid and PA contents, leading to an enhance in membrane integrity and a change in charge status of PM vesicles, so the activity of membrane-associated enzyme H⁺-ATPase was increased and synthesis of Na⁺/H⁺ antiport protein was activated.     

甲醇-水、水-丙酸和甲醇-丙酸体系汽液平衡的热力学性质

用新型泵式沸点仪测定了在101.325kPa下甲醇-水、水-丙酸、甲醇-丙酸3个二元系在不同液相组成时的沸点,并用间接法Tpx推算了甲醇-水、水-丙酸、甲醇-丙酸3个二元系的汽相平衡组成y.3个二元体系活度系数的关联分别用W ilson模型、NRTL模型、Margules模型和VanLaar模型进行关联,用最小二乘法求出了它们的液相活度系数模型参数.同时,用这些模型参数来计算它们的汽相组成y.所得的液相活度系数来计算3个二元体系的过量吉布斯自由焓函数GE/RT,并且研究的所有体系之间不存在共沸点.计算的沸点温度与实验的所测得的沸点温度吻合良好,由面积积分法检验这些模型参数计算的3个二元体系相平衡数据得到很好的热力学一致性.     

Studies on the overexpression of the soybean GmNHX1 in Lotus corniculatus： The reduced Na^＋ level is the basis of the increased salt tolerance

Soil salinity is one of the major factors reducing plant growth and productivity. The detrimental effects of salt on plants are a consequence of both a water deficit resulting in osmotic stress and the excess so- dium ions on critical biochemical processe…     

CO2/DME/CH3OH和CO2/DME/C2H5OH体系的汽液相平衡研究

文中基于对CO₂/DME,DME/CH₃OH,CO₂/CH₃OH和DME/C₂H₅OH体系汽液相平衡研究的文献调查,采用Gibbs-Duhems方程对实验数据做热力学一致性检验和热力学模型评价。研究表明,PR-NRTL模型组合对四个体系都有良好的表现。进而基于通过检验的二元体系数据拟合了5个组合的NRTL模型的交互作用参数,并以此模型研究了CO₂ /DME/CH₃OH和CO₂/DME/C₂H₅OH两个三元体系。计算给出的CH₃OH/DME/CO₂体系的VLE数据与文献值偏差很小,表明此PR NRTL模型组合能较好地描述其高压下的VLE行为,在此基础上对C₂ H₅OH/DME/CO₂体系的VLE行为进行了预测,给出了VLE相图。     

Molecular characterization of a K+ channel blocker in the scorpionButhus martensii Karsch

K⁺ channel blockers of scorpion venoms are of important value in studying pharmacology and physiology of specific K⁺ channel of cells. Based on the amino acid sequences of BmP01 previously characterized as a small-conductance Ca²⁺-activated K⁺ channel blocker, two “back to back” degenarate primers have been designed and synthesized for inverse PCR strategy, its full-length cDNA has been cloned from the venom gland of the Chinese scorpionButhus martensii. The cDNA is composed of 3 parts: 5′ UTR, ORF and 3′ UTR. The flanking sequence of translation initiation codon ATG is AAAATGA, which is highly conserved in scorpion Na⁺ channel toxin and protozoan genes, suggesting that these genes may have followed a common mechanism for translation initiation. The 3′ UTR contains poly(A) signal AATAAA. The open reading frame encodes a precursor of 57 residues with a signal peptide of 28 residues and a mature peptide of 29 residues. The signal peptide is rich in hydrophobic amino acid residues and its length is significantly different from that of the determined scorpion Na⁺ channel toxin. The deduced amino acid sequence of mature peptide is completely consistent with BmP01 previously determined by primary structure analysis.     

Theoretical study of partial oxidation of ethylene by vanadium trioxide cluster cation

Density functional theory （DFT） study of reaction between vanadium trioxide cluster cation （VO3^＋） and ethylene （C2H4） to yield VO2^＋ ＋ CH3CHO （acetaldehyde） and VO2CH2^＋ ＋ HCHO （formaldehyde） is carried out. Structures of all reactants, products, intermediates, and transition state in the reaction have been optimized and characterized. The results show unexpected barriers in the reaction due to the existence of a η^2-O2 moiety in the ground state structure of VO3^＋. The initial reaction steps combining ethylene adsorption, C=C activation and O-O cleavage are proposed as rate limiting processes. Comparison of reactions of VO3^＋ ＋ C2H4 with VO3 ＋ C2H4 and VO2^＋ ＋ C2H4 in the previous studies is made in detail. The results of this work may shed light on the understanding of C=C bond cleavage in related heterogeneous catalysis.