基于ISS-BSHOT特征的ICP点云配准方法

针对点云配准处理过程中配准精度低且耗时长等问题,提出一种基于内部形态描述子(intrinsic shape signatures, ISS)关键点与二进制方向直方图描述子(binary signature of histograms of orientations, BSHOT)相结合的点云配准方法.首先,计算点云分辨率,采用ISS算法提取源点云与目标点云的关键点,并利用BSHOT算法描述关键点邻域,通过汉明距离匹配对应点对;其次,采用随机采样一致性算法删除匹配错误的对应点对,完成粗配准;最后,利用迭代最近点(iterative closest point, ICP)算法完成精配准.实验结果表明,该算法可在保证配准精度的同时显著提高配准效率.     

基于粒子群优化算法的散乱点云数据配准

针对目前散乱点云数据配准算法在精度、速度和优化等方面存在的问题,提出一种基于粒子群优化算法的点云数据配准算法.该算法首先根据数据点之间曲率的相似度函数,采用粒子群优化算法在两组点云数据中搜索可以匹配的点对集合,然后用最近点迭代算法进行二次配准,实现了两组散乱点云数据的精确配准.对比实验表明,该算法配准速度快,效果好.     

多视图点云配准算法综述

以多视图点云配准为研究对象,对近二十余年的多视图点云配准相关研究工作进行了全面的分类归纳及总结．首先,阐述点云数据及多视图点云配准的概念．根据配准的任务不同,将多视图点云配准分为多视图点云粗配准和多视图点云精配准两大类,并对其各自算法的核心思想及算法改进进行介绍,其中,多视图点云粗配准算法进一步分为基于生成树和基于形状生成两类;多视图点云精配准算法进一步分为基于点云的点空间、基于点云的帧空间变换平均、基于深度学习和基于优化四类．然后,介绍了四种多视图点云配准数据集及主流多视图配准评价指标．最后,对该研究领域研究现状进行总结,指出存在的挑战,并给出了未来研究展望．     

基于NDT与ICP的快速点云配准算法

点云配准是三维重建过程的关键一步。传统配准算法的速度较慢,尤其是在两个点云距离较远或点云数据较大的时候,为此本文提出了一种基于NDT和ICP的快速点云配准方法,能够有效地减少配准时间。本文算法主要分为三步：(1)采用NDT算法进行点云粗配准,调整两点云间的距离和点云姿态;(2)采用ICP算法对粗配后的点云数据进行微调,调整点云位置与姿态;(3)采用ICP算法对微调后的点云进行精确配准。实验结果表明,与传统算法相比,在点云数据量较大或者两个点云距离较远的情况下,本文算法也能够达到较快的配准速度与较高的配准精度。     

无序多视角点云的自主配准方法

为了提高自主多视角点云配准方法的效率和精度,提出一种基于特征匹配的无序多视角点云全局配准方法,通过计算和匹配点云的特征描述子快速实现双视角点云配准;设计了有效的判定准则用于判别双视角配准的结果是否可靠;利用所提出的模型扩展方法对可靠的双视角配准结果进行点云模型的扩展。通过交替地执行双视角配准、配准结果判别和模型扩展,该方法可实现无序多视角点云的全局配准。在斯坦福图形学实验室公开数据集上的实验结果表明,与效果较优的同类方法相比,该方法可使得配准效率平均提高近5倍,且配准误差显著下降,同时可提高多视角点云配准的性能。     

面向缺失点云配准的镜像迭代最近点算法

面向点云配准任务,以改善重叠度较低的点云对之间的配准效果为研究目的,提出了一种有效的缺失点云配准算法——镜像迭代最近点算法。该算法以建立源点云和目标点云之间的镜像型对应关联性为核心,具体过程为：首先建立源点云到目标点云的前向对应关系,以捕获位于重叠区域的特征点;然后建立重叠区域的后向对应关系,以获取可靠匹配对集合;最后根据可靠匹配对估计最优刚体变换矩阵。此外,通过KD树构建和特征扩展两方面进行优化,以提升算法效率。所提算法仅依赖重叠区域匹配对集合,具有良好的鲁棒性和抗干扰能力。在斯坦福数据集上的实验结果表明：对于较低重叠度的数据集,所提算法在精度和效率上均优于以往的多数算法;对于较高重叠度的数据集,所提算法使精度平均提升28.8%,使效率平均提升47.9%。实验证明所提算法能快速且可靠地配准缺失点云。     

基于混合算法的点云配准方法研究

为解决ICP( Iterative Closest Point) 算法对初始点云位置要求高且易陷入局部最优的问题,提出一种新的配准方法。首先遵从优势互补基本思想,结合将人工萤火虫算法和粒子群算法生成自适应人工萤火虫-粒子群算法( AAGPSO: Adaptive Artificial Glowworm-Particle Swarm Optimization) ,以使算法的收敛速度变快,解的精度得到提高; 其次优化迭代最近点算法( ICP) ,将已改进的AAGPSO 算法引入ICP 配准算法中进行点云配准,解决ICP 算法因点云的初始位置相差较大而陷入局部最优问题,加快整体的配准效率。通过实验对比原始ICP 配准方法和改进的配准方法并对其进行误差分析,结果验证了AAGPSO 算法在传统ICP 算法的基础上提高了配准精度,并且加快了算法收敛速度,改进的配准方法具有明显优越性。     

基于正态分布变换与迭代最近点的快速点云配准算法

点云配准是三维重建过程的关键一步。传统配准算法的速度较慢,尤其是在两个点云距离较远或点云数据量较大的时候,为此提出了一种基于NDT和ICP的快速点云配准方法,能够有效地减少配准时间。本文算法主要分为三步:(1)采用NDT算法进行点云粗配准,调整两点云间的距离和点云姿态;(2)采用ICP算法对粗配后的点云数据进行微调,调整点云位置与姿态;(3)采用ICP算法对微调后的点云进行精确配准。实验结果表明,与传统算法相比,在点云数据量较大或者两个点云距离较远的情况下,算法也能够达到较快的配准速度与较高的配准精度。     

基于四元约束的多视角建筑物Lidar点云配准方法

基于建筑物Lidar点云的特点,提出一种基于四元约束的多视角点云配准算法。建筑物Lidar点云的实验结果表明,在复杂和大场景建筑物Lidar点云的多视角配准中,该算法可以得到较好的配准精度。     

形貌约束的多视角点云分阶配准方法

为提高大数据量多视角点云的配准效率,提出一种基于多分辨率模型的多视角点云分阶配准方法。首先根据平坦形貌约束条件对点云进行递归分割,提取所得割集的核心点作为特征点构造多分辨率模型,然后采用迭代最近点算法基于该模型上层数据求解多视角点云的初始变换矩阵,将其作用于模型后逐级求解下层数据的变换矩阵,最终将复合变换矩阵同步作用于原多视角点云,实现原多视角点云的精确配准。实验结果表明,该分阶配准方法可有效缓解点云单一简化结果导致的配准精度与效率之间的矛盾,在显著降低点云规模的前提下实现原始点云精确配准;当点云规模达106级别时,与加权尺度迭代最近点(WSICP)算法相比,该方法的计算效率提高约2.5倍。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the