不同pH值的酸处理溶菌酶溶液的拉曼光谱分析

分析了pH 5.0到pH 1.0的溶菌酶溶液的激光拉曼谱,酰胺Ⅰ振动谱带分别出现在1660、1656、1657、1660和1655 cm^-1,酰胺Ⅲ振动谱带分别出现在1255、1257、1263、1261、1260 cm^-1和1301、1302、1302、1302、1301 cm^-1,并计算了它们相对强度的变化.由此定性可知,该蛋白质分子的肽链主要由α-螺旋和无规则卷曲组成.在酸化的过程中,溶菌酶的构象基本一直保持稳定,但当pH＜2.0时,该溶菌酶开始变性.在pH=5.0时酪氨酸为“暴露式”,当pH=4.0-2.0时为“埋藏式”,而到了pH=1.0时酪氨酸的双峰已基本消失了.色氨酸的1361 cm^-1的强度随酸性的增强而减弱,由“埋藏式”逐渐转化为“暴露式”.硫-硫桥键的振动谱带按pH5.0到pH1.0的顺序分别在508、508、507、507和509cm^-1,且强度基本不变,表明在酸环境中,硫-硫键部位的几何构型都是扭曲-扭曲-扭曲,pH值的改变对几何构型无影响.     

桐油酰胺的合成及温敏性谱学研究

以桐油和二乙醇胺为主要原料,反应制备桐油酰胺.采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和拉曼光谱对桐油的结构进行表征,并进行了谱带归属;用傅里叶变温红外光谱(temperature-dependent FTIR)对合成产物的温敏性、谱带变化和双键变化进行了研究.结果表明:1630 cm~(-1)和991 cm~(-1)为桐油的红外和拉曼特征吸收峰;25～225℃范围内,桐油酰胺变温红外光谱在1737 cm~(-1)(—C=O—)处吸收峰的吸光度随着温度升高而逐渐增大;温度高于125℃,991 cm~(-1)处的—CH=CH_2键断裂,产物发生分解;找出了桐油酰胺应用的温度条件.     

傅里叶变换红外光声光谱法在纺织上应用

本文叙述了傅里叶变换红外光声光谱法(FTIR-PAS)的基本原理及其在纺织上应用。研究了组合浆料中变性聚乙烯醇的定量测定、涤棉混纺纤维中涤纶的定量测定、苎麻及甲壳素经碱处理后的光谱性质的变化。研究结果表明,以变性聚乙烯醇C=O基团的伸缩振动1570cm~(-1)吸收峰可作为定量测定变性聚乙烯醇的依据。以涤纶分子结构中羰基伸缩振动1725cm~(-1)峰高与纤维分子结构中碳氢键伸缩振动2915cm~(-1)峰高的比值,可定量测定涤棉混纺纤维中涤纶含量。苎麻经碱处理后,非晶谱带898cm~(-1)度明显增加,晶区谱带1430cm~(-1)强度明显下降,其变化程度取决于碱浓度。甲壳素的酰胺吸收峰1555cm~(-1)随碱处理浓度、温度和时间的增加而下降。与常规的红外吸收光谱法相比较,傅里叶变换红外光声光谱法具有无损快速的优点,适宜于制作困难的试样。     

三聚氰胺的密度泛函理论研究

应用密度泛函理论(DFT)的B3LYP方法,在6-31G(d)基组水平上对三聚氰胺进行了研究。计算得到了分子的稳定构型,并对其进行了频率分析。然后利用Gaussview图形软件将频率分析数据转换为红外光谱。对红外光谱分析后发现,在400 cm-1～0 cm-1区域内分子的振动类型主要以分子内基团的整体摆动和胺基中C—H键的面外弯曲振动为主。在红外光谱的指纹区(1 333 cm-1～400 cm-1)谱线强度较弱,分子振动模式主要以弯曲振动为主,且存在七种分子的振动模式不具有红外活性。在光谱的特征谱带区(4 000 cm-1～1 333 cm-1),分子振动模式共有两种,即不对称伸缩振动和剪式振动。此外,整个红外光谱中振动峰的实际数目远小于简正振动的数目。     

核糖核酸酶溶液的激光喇曼谱

报道了用硝基苯萃取处理后的核糖核酸酶溶液的喇曼光谱，对其主链构象和侧链构象进行了分析．指出酰胺Ⅰ和酰胺Ⅲ中β－折迭和无规卷曲的构象较为明显，二硫键的构象是扭－扭式－扭式，酪氨酸残基有部分是埋藏于分子内部．同时指出用硝基苯萃取处理蛋白质溶液是获得高质量喇曼谱图的一个有效方法．     

微孔交联淀粉的制备及其对Zn(Ⅱ)的吸附FIRT和XRD分析

以可溶性淀粉做原料,用N,N′—亚甲基双丙烯酰胺交联,过硫酸铵引发聚合得到微孔交联淀粉(MCS),并研究了其对Zn~(2+)的静态吸附行为;用红外光谱仪和X射线衍射仪对MCS及其吸附产物进行了对照分析。结果表明:MCS对Zn~(2+)的吸附符合Freundlich等温方程,吸附量达到2.36 mmol/g;MCS在1536 cm~(-1)处出现酰胺Ⅱ带N-H弯曲振动吸收峰,表明了淀粉与MBAA成功交联;MCS在3445cm~(-1)附近的N—H、O—H伸缩振动偶合而增宽的多重峰在吸附产物中变宽,且向低波数位移,而1536cm~(-1)处的酰胺Ⅱ带N—H弯曲振动吸收峰则移至1543cm~(-1)处,说明在吸附过程中,MCS的酰胺基团上的N、O原子可能与Zn~(2+)发生了配位反应;XRD显示,可溶性淀粉经交联后结晶度降低至6.4%左右,MCS上的酰胺基和—OH与Zn~(2+)形成配位键使MCS的晶形结构被进一步破坏,结晶度约为0.5%左右,已基本处于无序的非晶态。     

射频溅射a-Si:H薄膜的光诱导Si-H键

本文报告射频溅射非掺杂a-Si:H溥膜的一个新效应——光诱导Si—H键变化。在长时间强光照后,样品的红外振动光谱中Si—H 键三个振动模(600cm~(-1),800cm~(-1),2000cm~(-1))的积分强度同时按相同的比例显著增强,变化达34%.光诱导Si—H 键变化可以通过热退火得到恢复.样品的光诱导电导率和自旋信号的变化也进行了测量,发现Si—H 键积分强度随光照时间的变化规律与光诱导电导率的变化规律相似.本文提出一个简单的模型对此现象作出定性的解释.     

温度对β-胡萝卜素二维相关红外光谱的影响

【目的】了解在升温过程中β-胡萝卜素分子内不同基团之间的相互影响。【方法】采用二维相关红外光谱分析技术,研究β-胡萝卜素在30~100℃变温微扰过程中的动态光谱变化。【结果】β-胡萝卜素分子的吸收特征峰在一维红外光谱和二阶导数谱上变化不明显,表明其没有发生氧化反应。二维相关分析表明,反式共轭烯烃C—H面外弯曲振动的968cm~(-1),烯烃C—H基团反对称弯曲振动的1 442cm~(-1),甲基C—H反对称伸缩振动的2 966cm~(-1)和烯烃C—H的对称伸缩振动的3 012cm~(-1),这些吸收峰的光谱变化对温度比较敏感。同时在微扰过程中,不同基团变化的先后顺序:亚甲基热运动引起的光谱变化快于甲基的,低波数的甲基碳氢对称伸缩振动的光谱变化快于高波数的甲基反对称伸缩振动,烯烃碳氢对称伸缩振动热运动引起的光谱变化快于烯烃碳氢反对称伸缩振动。【结论】在微扰作用下利用二维相关分析可以提高谱图的分辨率,这为β-胡萝卜素在升温过程中构象变化的机理提供实验基础。     

键联于核酸的激发态水溶铜卟啉共振拉曼光谱研究

本文测量了键联于核酸的激发态水溶铜卟啉共振拉曼光谱.结果表明,位于1550cm~(-1)和1346cm~(-1)附近的两条谱带归属于受激铜卟啉拉曼带,其强度与核酸和铜卟啉的种类、核酸所含的(AT)_n结构和受激铜卟啉沟槽键联于核酸的能力有关.文中对插入DNA中GC位置上的基态铜卟啉在受激状态下能沟槽键联于—ATAT一位置这一现象作了定性的解释.     

用红外二向色性测定高聚物取向度——第一报 聚丙烯薄膜的一维取向

对用红外偏振光谱测定聚丙烯薄膜的取向(单轴拉伸)进行了初步的探讨和研究,并和双折射法及X-射线衍射的结果进行了比较,三者的趋势是一致的,是线性相关的。聚丙烯的1256cm~(-1)、973cm~(-1)谱带是结晶和非结晶的混合谱带,在不同的偏振红外光下反映了聚丙烯薄膜分子链总的取向状况,所得的结果和双折射法获得的结果线性相关。聚丙烯的997cm~(-1)、840cm~(-1)谱带是结晶谱带,在不同的偏振红外光下反映了聚丙烯薄膜晶区分子链的取向状况,其结果和x-射线衍射所得到的结果线性相关。实验结果说明,用偏振红外光,根据聚丙烯薄膜结晶谱带或混合谱带的变化情况,可以了解聚丙烯薄膜晶区或整个分子链的取向情况。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to