Deep seismic reflection profile across the juncture zone between the Tarim Basin and the West Kunlun Mountains

Fine structures of the crust and upper mantle of the basin-and-range juncture on the northwestern margin of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau are first delineated by the deep seismic reflection profile across the juncture zone between the Tarim Basin and the West Kunlun Mountains. Evidence is found for the northward subduction of the northwest marginal lithosphere of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and its collision with Tarim lithosphere beneath the West Kunlun Mountains. The lithosphere image of the face-to-face subduction and collision determines the coupling relationship between the Tarim Basin and the West Kunlun Mountains at the lithosphere scale and reflects the process of continent-continent collision.     

S-wave velocity of the crust around Tianshan Mountains inverted from seismic ambient noise tomography

We process ambient noise data from seismic stations deployed in central Asia to determine the crustal shear wave velocity structure beneath the Tianshan Mountians and surrounding area. About 748 inter-station Rayleigh wave empirical Green’s functions have been recovered to estimate the phase velocity dispersions over periods from 6 to 50 s using the image transformation technique. Results show that for short periods (6–20 s), the distribution of Rayleigh wave phase velocities is generally consistent with surface geology, with high velocities corresponding to mountain ranges and low velocities to sedimentary basins. Along two profiles, which trend from NE-SW and NW-SE, the shear wave velocity shows a pair of high velocity anomalies dipping in opposite directions beneath the Tianshan Mountains. At shallow depths, those high velocity anomalies roughly correlate with areas where the mountain front and the surrounding basin are connected. The profiles also show a narrow zone beneath the Tianshan Mountains, which may represent a route for the upwelling from upper mantle. Those observations suggest that the underthrusting of the Tarim Basin and Kazakh Shield combine with the weakness of the crust, which is heated by the upwelling from upper mantle, may play an important role on the reactivation of the Tianshan Mountains associated with the India-Eurasia collision.     

Crustal P-wave velocity structure in Lower Yangtze region： Reinterpretation of Fuliji-Fengxian deep seismic sounding profile

A deep seismic sounding profile in this paper, from Fuliji in Anhui Province to Fengxian of Shanghai City, is located at eastern China (Fig. 1). The field work was jointly accomplished by the Chinese Geological and Mineral Bureau, the China Seismological …     

新疆南天山中志留世生物群及其意义

南天山伊契克巴什组生物群含有腕足、珊瑚、头足和苔藓虫动物化石,通过鉴定,其中有腕足动物Eospirifer tingia,Eospirifer sp．,Tuvaella gigantean,Nalivkinia grunewaldtiaeformis;珊瑚动物Palaeo favosites sp．,头足动物Sichuanoceras sp,和遗迹化石线形迹的Gordia属,根据化石生物群和沉积特征．作者认为该组地层时代大致应归属中志留世。从生物群生态特征来看,反映了稳定低能的正常浅海环境,说明南天山中志留世沉积海域与中国南、北海域是广泛相通的。     

AMS dating on glacial tills at the source area of the Urumqi River in the Tianshan Mountains and its implications

Using accelerating mass spectrometry (AMS) dating method, a dating has been made on the primary calcium carbonate in tills and secondary calcium carbonate coating on till gravel and the roche moutonnee formed since the Last Glaciation at the source area of the Urumqi River valley in the Tianshan Mountains, northwestern China. The results reveal that the carbonate content in the tills in this noncarbonate area is high enough to date by AMS, that the carbon in the coatings on the newly exposed roche moutons and in the modern till is modern carbon and so the¹⁴C dating results in the ancient till can represent the actual ages of the till formation, and that the warm period during the Holocene began as early as 6 500 a B. P. and lasted to 1 800 a B. P.     

Quaternary folding in the south piedmont of central segment of Tianshan Mountains

The Tianshan Mountains are an important active structural belt in the interior of Eurasia. By integrated methods of surface geology survey and interpretation of seismic profiles, we distinguish fold scarps located at the south limb of the Kuqatawu anticline and the north limb of the Dongqiulitag anticline in the Kuqa rejuvenation foreland thrust belt, south piedmont of central segment of the Tianshan Mountains. Fold scarp is a newly found structural phenomenon. Because of the bend of thrust plane and the movement of hanging wall above the thrust plane, the original horizontal deposits of hanging wall and their surface become a monocline structure, resulting from the separating and migration of the active and fixed axial surfaces. Measuring the geometry of fold scarp and using the data of age of the deformed deposits, the crustal shortening rate resulting from the deeply seated subsurface thrust is calculated. The crustal shortening rate reflected by the fold scarp located at the north limb of the Dngqiulitag anticline is (1±0.1) mm/a. The fold scarps of the Dongqiulitag anticline and the Kuqatawu anticline identify that the deformation process of the crustal compressive structures in the Kuqa area extends into the Late Quaternary.     

Fluctuation of Picea timberline and paleo-environment on the northern slope of Tianshan Mountains during the late Holocene

The fluctuation of alpine timberline, which can serve as a good indicator for Holocene climate, is the syn-thetically effective results of many environmental fac-tors during geological and historical periods and mod-ern times. In recent years, researches …     

Late Tertiary faults and their paleostress along the boundary between the Kuqa Basin and the Tianshan Mountains

Field investigation shows that the boundary between the Kuqa Basin and the Tianshan Mountains can be divided into two sections with the Yanbulak area as the dividing point. In the western section, the Mesozoic strata overlie unconformably on the Paleozoic rocks. The basin-dipping faults developed in both Mesozoic and Paleozoic rocks. The eastern section is characterized by basin-dipping normal faults separating the Paleozoic strata and Tertiary. The brittle structural analysis was carried out along the basin-range boundary. 360 measurements of striations have been obtained at a total of 25 sites. Paleostress reconstruction indicates that the basin-range boundary was in an extensional condition, with some superimposed strike-slip, during the Late Tertiary. The extension could be explained by the vertical block uplift of the Tianshan Mountains.     

Growth of the Huoersuosi anticline （north Tianshan Mountains） by limb rotation since the late Miocene

The Huoerguosi anticline, located in the north Tianshan Mountains piedmont fold-and-thrust belt, is a trending east-west fault-related fold. In the cross section along the Jingou River, its south limb is composed of the pre-growth strata of the Anjihaihe （E2.3a）, the Shawan （（E3-N1）s）, the Taxihe （N1t） and the lower part of the Dushanzi （N2d） Formations, trending east-west and dipping to south 55°, and the growth strata of the upper part of the Dushanzi （N2d） and Xiyu （（N2-Q1）x） Formations, dips of which decrease from 55° at the base of the growth strata to 47° at the bottom of the Xiyu （（N2-Q1）x） Formation to -0° at the top of the Xiyu （（N2-Q1）x） Formation. The strata at the north limb of the anticline are vertical or over-turned, and are cut by the breakthrough thrusts to result in the drag fold. In the depth, the anticline is symmetric, and its core comprises the Cretaceous and the Jurassic coal-bearing beds. In the seismic profile, the seismic reflectors of pre-growth strata at the south limb of the anticline dip to south constantly, and ones of the growth strata fan southward, whose dips decrease upward. The geometry of the south limb growth strata outcropped along the Jingou River valley and the deep structure of the anticline shown in the seismic profile indicate that the Huoerguosi anticline is a detachment fold anticline growing by limb rotation. Based on the growth model and magnetostratigraphic age, during the growing process of the Huoerguosi anticline, the average shortening rate absorbed by the south limb is -0.46 mm/a, and the average uplifting rate of the anticline is -0.86 mm/a which exceeds the average deposition rate, which is in accordance with the fact that the top of the anticline is intensely eroded. Considering symmetric geometry of the Huoerguosi anticline and ignoring the breakthrough thrusts, the shortening of the whole anticline should be more than -0.92 mm/a, doubling the shortening rate determined from the growth at the south limb.     

Deep crustal structure of Baiyun Sag,northern South China Sea revealed from deep seismic reflection profile

This paper discusses deep crustal architecture of the Baiyun Sag of the Pearl River Mouth Basin, northern South China Sea based on velocity analysis, time-depth conversion and seismic interpretation of the deep seismic reflection profile DSRP-2002. The profile was acquired and processed to 14 S TWT by the China National Offshore Oil Corp. (CNOOC) in 2002. It extends across the Baiyun Sag of the Pearl River Mouth Basin, from the northern continental shelf of the SCS to the deepwater province. As the first deep seismic reflection profile in the Pearl River Mouth Basin, this profile reveals seismic phases from basement down to upper most mantle. The Moho surface appears in the profile as an undulating layer of varying thickness of 1-3 km. It is not a single reflector interface, but a velocity gradient or interconversion layer. The crust thins stepwisely from the shelf to the continental slope and the abyssal plain (from north to south), and also thins under depocenters. The crustal thickness is only 7 km in the depocenter of the main Baiyun Sag, which corresponds to a Moho upwelling mirroring the basement topography. In the lower slope and the ocean-continental transition zone of the southernmost portion of the profile, three sub-parallel, NW-dipping strong reflectors found at depths around 10--21 km are interpreted as indications of a subducted Mesozoic oceanic crust. Crustal faults exist in the northern and southern boundaries of the Baiyun Sag. The intense and persistent subsidence of the Baiyun Sag might be related to the long-term activity of the crustal faults.     

北天山东段一次暴雨过程的数值模拟研究：动力与微物理机制

利用WRF中尺度数值模式对2010年6月22日~23日发生在新疆北天山东段的一次暴雨过程进行数值模拟研究,重点探讨了暴雨过程形成演变的动力与微物理机制。结果表明,控制北疆的西北气流遇到博格达山脉,在迎风坡的强迫抬升作用下,形成对流单体并维持加强。降水蒸发冷却与摩擦拖曳产生的下沉气流紧贴迎风坡地表下泄,与环境西北气流对冲辐合引起对流区域由山坡向山前扩展。霰通过收集云水增长是降水形成的主要微物理机制。当云水被上升气流输送至-20℃以上时,能有效促进霰的增长过程,霰碰并雨滴(低层)及冰雪晶(高层)为霰增长的次要机制。     

西天山成矿带铁矿床地质特征及研究进展

 西天山成矿带位于伊犁地块东缘,该成矿带发育大量海相火山岩型铁矿床。近年来,随着新疆新一轮铁矿找矿勘查与评价的开展,西天山成矿带勘查工作取得重大进展,相继发现了查岗诺尔、智博、备战、敦德、松湖等大型富铁矿床,该成矿带已成为新疆乃至全国重要的大型富铁矿成矿带之一。但该成矿带铁矿床研究目前仍处于初步阶段,铁矿床成因机制的研究程度较低,成矿动力学背景的讨论仍存争议,大规模铁矿床富集机制亟待解决,该类型铁矿床的勘查找矿标志急需总结。在综述国内外铁矿床分类及研究进展的基础上,分析了西天山成矿带重要铁矿床的地质特征和研究现状,并据此提出了存在的主要问题和研究展望,旨在推动西天山铁矿床的成因研究和找矿勘查。     

The zircon SHRIMP chronology and trace element geochemistry of the Carboniferous volcanic rocks in western Tianshan Mountains

The genesis of the Carboniferous volcanic rocks in the Dahalajunshan group, mainly consisting of trachytes and trachy-andesites and distributing widely in western Tianshan Mountains, remains to be controversial. It has been proposed to be relevant to “rift” or “plume”. Detailed petrology and geochemical data presented in this paper show that these volcanic rocks represent typical continental arc magmatism. The volcanic rocks are mainly trachy-andesitic, and the magma source is enriched in LILE, Th and Pb, and depleted in HFSE and Ce. Trace element geochemical study suggests that the basalts could be modeled by 7% -11% partial melt of garnet Iherzolite. The volcanic rocks in the Dahalajunshan group are neither the products of “rift” nor so-called “plume”but represent the continental island arc of the Paleo-Southern Tianshan Ocean. The mantle wedge had been modified by the melt generating in subduction zone during a long evolution history of this island arc. The continental crust materials （i.e. mainly sediment on ocean floor） had been added into island arc through melt in subduction zone. Volcanic rocks occurring in different regions might represent magma eruption in different time. The zircon SHRIMP dating indicates that the ages of the basalt varies between 334.0 Ma and 394.9 Ma. The 13 analyses give an average age of 353.7±4.5 Ma （MSWD = 1.7）. The apparent ages of zircons in trachy-andesite vary between 293.0 Ma and 465.4 Ma. All analyses fall on the U-Pb concordant line and are divided into two groups. 8 analyses produce an average age of 312.8±4.2 Ma （MSWD = 1.7）, which represents the crystallizing age of zircon rims in trachy-andesite. The acquired two ages （i.e. 354 and 313 Ma） belong to the Early Carboniferous and Late Carboniferous epochs, respectively. Thus, the Dahalajunshan group would be separated into several groups with the accumulation of high-quality age dating and data of trace element and isotopic geochemistry, in our opinion.     

天山山地森林调节河川径流作用的探讨

运用天山北坡山地３１条河流的水、气象以及森林资源资料，分析森林调节河川年径流量作用，结果表明：森林与蒸发因素具有减少河川年径流量的效应，且森林调节河川径流量的作用远大于蒸发因素影响。在森林因素中，森林面积增加对河川年径流量的影响程度大于的作用远大于蒸发因素影响。在森林因素中，森林面积增加对河川年径流量的影响程度大于单位集水区面积森林蓄积量增加的作用，在天山北坡山地自然地理环境条件下，林率每增加１     

小波分析在泰安—忻州折射/宽角反射剖面解释中的应用

泰安—忻州折射/宽角反射剖面穿过鲁西隆起、华北坳陷、太行山隆起几个构造单元,剖面中段穿过河北省的邢台地震区.利用小波多尺度分析处理了该剖面的几炮波形记录,得到邢台地震区和相邻地段的震相特征.结果表明,邢台地震区的下方莫霍面为复杂结构,可能为双层莫霍面,而在相邻地段莫霍面为较清晰的一级间断面.研究区的深反射剖面结果同样表明,邢台地震区的下方莫霍面为壳幔过渡带,并且在中、上地壳有滑脱构造和延伸到莫霍面的深断裂.复杂的莫霍面结构和形态是邢台地震区的深部构造背景.     

The 40Ar/39Ar age record of formation and uplift of the blueschists and eclogites in the western Tianshan Mountains

The 40Ar/39Ar ages indicate that the eclogite facies rocks of the Hasiate slice in the western Tianshan Mountains were formed at the early stage of Devonian (401 Ma) and had been uplifted to the greenschist facies tectonic level in the middle stage of Devonian (381 Ma). The formation and uplift of the blueschists of the Akesayi slice are constrained to the late stage of Devonian (370─364 Ma). The different tectonic slices in the high-pressure metamorphic belt have experienced the different uplift history.     

东天山迎风坡与高海拔区域降水效率对比研究

利用WRF中尺度数值模式对2015年4月16~17日发生在新疆天山地区一次降水过程进行数值模拟研究。重点对比了迎风坡与高海拔区域降水效率的差异,进而分析产生这种差异的原因。结果表明:迎风坡的降水效率大于高海拔区域的降水效率,降水过程发展旺盛阶段,降水效率达到最大。迎风坡的降水主要由雪、霰融化为雨水产生,高海拔区域降水主要由雪产生。该微物理机制的差异造成在降水集中时段,虽然高海拨区域空中总水凝物多于迎风坡,但降水效率低于迎风坡,最终导致降水强度小于迎风坡。     

天山森林生态系统树生地衣群落数量分类研究

地衣是山低等植物中的藻类与菌类中的真菌共生而成的一群特殊的植物．由于耐寒耐旱对生活中的养分要求不高，在养纷贫瘠，环境恶劣的高山寒漠，平原，戈壁和沙漠中地衣都能生长，因而广泛地分布和生长在不同的生态环境中．本文应用多元分析中的主分量分析及聚类分析方法，对分布在天山森林生态系统中树生地衣植物群落，进行数量分类并对群落结构物种多样性，相似性和均匀度等群落参数进行了比较系统的研究．     

龙门山岩石圈地壳三维结构及汶川大地震成因浅析

地质构造研究和地震测深剖面的构造解析显示,龙门山碰撞遣山带岩石圈存在既有显著差异又有密切联系的两套断裂系统:一是以地壳表层脆性剪切带为主的浅层断裂系统;另一是以切割莫霍界面或壳幔过渡带的壳幔韧性剪切带为主的深部断裂系统.根据地质构造和地震测深成果的综合研究,在建立起龙门山遣山带及邻区岩石圈地壳结构模型的基础上,论述了两套断裂系统的特征与相互关系,提出岩石圈壳幔韧性剪切带可能是四川汶川8.0级强烈地震的发震构造之一,以及强烈地震形成的动力学模式等.     

龙门山逆冲构造带大地电磁测深初步成果

通过对穿过龙门山逆冲构造带中段松潘一中江大地电磁观测资料的处理和反演解释,揭示了松潘-甘孜褶皱带、龙门山及川西前陆盆地30 km深度的地壳电性结构,发现龙门山-松潘地壳15～20 km深部存在西倾连续的壳内商导层,大地电磁测深结果明显显示龙门山深部逆冲推覆构造特征.龙门山深部电性结构初步研究,对于分析其与相邻构造单元的关系,研究青藏高原东缘陆内造山带深部地球动力学过程都具有重要理论意义.