邻单胞菌邻苯二酚1,2-双加氧酶基因(tfdC)在拟南芥中表达的初步研究

将从一株邻单胞菌中克隆到的一个新的邻苯二酚1，2－双加氧酶基因（tfd C)的起始密码子由GTG突变成ATG，并克隆到农杆菌双元载体pPZPY122中，利用农杆菌介导转化模式植物拟南芥，获得了转化植株，经过PCR，PCR－Southern和Southern dot blot方法检测证实，ftd C基因已经整合到拟南芥基因组中，邻苯二酚1，2－双加氧酶酶活性检测表明，转基因植株具有一定的酶活性，而未转化的植株则不具有酶活性。     

2,3-Dihydroxybiphenyl dioxygenase gene was first discovered in Arthrobacter sp. strain PJ3

Bacterium strain PJ3,isolated from wastewater and identified as Arthrobacter sp. bacterium based on its 16S rDNA gene,could use carbazole as the sole carbon,nitrogen and energy source. The genomic library of strain PJ3 was constructed and a positive clone JM109(pUCW402) was screened out for the expression of dioxygenase by the ability to form yellow ring-fission product. A 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl dioxygenase(23DHBD) gene of 933 bp was found in the 3360 bp exogenous fragment of pUCW402 by GenSCAN software and BLAST analysis. The phylogenetic analysis showed that 23DHBD from strain PJ3 formed a deep branch separate from a cluster containing most known 23DHBD in GenBank. Southern hybridization confirmed for the first time that the 23DHBD gene was from the genomic DNA of Arthrobacter sp. PJ3. In order to test the gene function,recombinant bacterium BL21(pETW-8) was constructed to express 23DHBD. The expression level in BL21(pETW-8) was highest compared with the recombinant bacteria JM109(pUCW402) and strain PJ3. We observed that 23DHBD was not absolute specific. The enzyme activity was higher with 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl as a substrate than with catechol. The substrate specificity assay suggested that 23DHBD was essential for cleavage of bi-cyclic aromatic compounds during the course of aromatic compound biodegradation in Arthrobacter sp. strain PJ3.     

Novel cysteine-rich motif and homeodomain in the product of the Caenorhabditis elegans cell lineage gene lin-11

The gene lin-11 is required for the asymmetric division of a vulval precursor cell type in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Putative lin-11 complementary DNAs were sequenced and found to encode a protein that contains both a homeodomain and two tandem copies of a novel cysteine-rich motif: C-X2-C-X17-19-H-X2-C-X2-C-X2-C-X7-11-(C)-X8-C. Two tandem copies of this motif are also present amino-terminal to the homeodomains in the proteins encoded by the genes mec-3, which is required for C. elegans touch neuron differentiation, and isl-1, which encodes a rat insulin I gene enhancer-binding protein. The arrangement of cysteine residues in this motif, referred to as LIM (for lin-11 isl-1 mec-3), suggests that this region is a metal-binding domain. The presence in these three proteins of both a potential metal-binding domain and a homeodomain distinguishes them from previously characterized proteins.     

不动杆菌JH250-8邻苯二酚双加氧酶基因的克隆及分析

目的研究不动杆菌JH250-8的石油降解机制,克隆并分析其邻苯二酚双加氧酶基因.方法应用数据库的同源序列设计引物,对不动杆菌JH250-8邻苯二酚1,2-双加氧酶(C12O)和邻苯二酚2,3-双加氧酶(C23O)基因进行扩增,并用生物信息学软件及在线生物分析工具等分析编码蛋白质.结果不动杆菌JH250-8中同时含有C12O和C23O两种邻苯二酚双加氧酶;扩增的DNA序列长度分别为1 299和1 118 bp,蛋白质编码区长度为1047和930 bp,分别编码358和309个氨基酸;两个邻苯二酚双加氧酶等电点(p I)分别为5.03和4.79,均为酸性蛋白质;酶分子中都含有较多极性和可电离氨基酸,在水中有较好的溶解性,但由于N端都有一段疏水性肽段,可能会影响其水溶液的稳定性;在蛋白质二级结构上,两个酶分子中都有较丰富的二级结构单元,既有较好的稳定性,又有较好的底物适应性.C12O的三级结构由同型二聚体构成,每个亚基上都结合有Fe3+;C23O三级结构的核心由两组β-折叠构成,另有4个α-螺旋结构分布于外侧.结论不动杆菌JH250-8有两种邻苯二酚双加氧酶,两种酶均为酸性蛋白质,有较好的水溶性及结构稳定性.分析结果对邻苯二酚双加氧酶的后续研究有重要的参考价值及指导意义.     

Second proteasome-related gene in the human MHC class II region

Antgen processing involves the generation of peptides from cytosolic proteins and their transport into the endoplasmic reticulum where they associate with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. Two genes have been identified in the MHC class II region, RING4 and RING11 in humans, which are believed to encode the peptide transport proteins. Attention is now focused on how the transporters are provided with peptides. The proteasome, a large complex of subunits with multiple proteolytic activities, is a candidate for this function. Recently we reported a proteasome-related sequence, RING10, mapping between the transporter genes. Here we describe a second human proteasome-like gene, RING12, immediately centromeric of the RING4 locus. Therefore RING12, 4, 10 and 11 form a tightly linked cluster of interferon-inducible genes within the MHC with an essential role in antigen processing.     

Fenton氧化降解苯胺及机制研究

以苯胺(C_6H_7N)废水为处理对象进行Fenton氧化降解试验,考察pH、H_2O_2投加量、n(H_2O_2)/n(Fe~(2+))比值以及苯胺初始浓度对Fenton降解苯胺的影响,并分析其降解途径.结果表明:苯胺初始浓度为50~200mg·L~(-1),pH=2~4,n(H_2O_2)/n(Fe~(2+))=10,n(H_2O_2)/n(C_6H_7N)=10~15,反应60min苯胺去除率达75.4%~87.4%;若苯胺浓度大于600mg·L~(-1),所需反应时间延长且降解率降低.检测发现苯胺降解需经过羟基化、取代、脱氢、开环产酸阶段,其中丁烯二酸为苯胺降解过程中产酸阶段重要的中间产物,且可生化性高,易降解.因此,认为在Fenton预处理苯胺过程中,可将苯胺降解到控制丁烯二酸阶段,以丁烯二酸作为后续生化处理目标污染物的处理方法有利于苯胺的完全矿化.     

石油污染地下水中苯降解菌的代谢特征

从东北某油区石油污染的地下水中分离、 纯化出苯降解优势菌B6, 研究其降解效率和代谢特征. 结果表明： 当模拟石油污染地下水中苯的质量浓度
为394.36 mg/L时, 3 d后的降解率为82.82%; 相关酶活及代谢产物在双加氧酶的作用下, B6菌降解苯的途径为儿茶酚正位裂解; B6菌在代谢过程中产生色氨酸酶、 脂肪酶、 淀粉酶、 明胶酶、 乳糖酶和氧化酶等, 葡萄糖、 乳糖、 蛋白质、 色氨酸、 脂肪、 淀粉、 明胶、 多肽、 纤维素、 含硫有机物和细胞色素C等为其营养物质, 以亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐为电子受体; B6菌为革兰氏阳性红平红球菌.     

Cd(Ⅱ)对多环芳烃降解菌Bacillus sp.P1产酶及酶促降解过程影响研究

为研究重金属对多环芳烃降解过程中降解菌产酶及酶促降解过程的影响,本实验以菲和Cd(II)为代表物质,探究了多环芳烃降解菌Bacillus sp.P1降解菲的过程中,不同浓度Cd(II)对Bacillus sp.P1产生的蛋白浓度、组成及降解菲程中的关键开环酶邻苯二酚2,3-双加氧酶酶活以及其对菲酶促降解率的影响.结果表明,Cd(II)对Bacillus sp.P1的产酶过程和酶促降解过程均有抑制作用:当Cd(II)浓度由0mg/L增加到150mg/L时,蛋白分子条带的表达量明显减少,胞外蛋白及胞内蛋白条带总浓度分别由8.37×106,1.54×107降至5.49×106,6.01×106(Gelpro软件分析值);且当体系中Cd(II)浓度由0mg/L增加到300mg/L时,胞外和胞内酶中的邻苯二酚2,3-双加氧酶酶活分别由266.96,886.30U/mg下降至38.93,290.26U/mg;且胞外酶和胞内酶对菲的酶促降解率分别由79.86%,87.96%下降至64.59%,74.83%.以上实验结果共同表明Cd(II)对降解菌Bacillus sp.P1的产酶过程及酶促降解过程的影响是其影响多环芳烃降解菌降解能力的重要机制.     

大肠杆菌SD序列与基因表达水平的关系

依据基因表达水平的理论预测方法从１３７３个大肠杆菌基因中选出了７３个甚高表达基因和１００个甚低表达基因,研究了这两类基因编码区起始密码子ＡＴＧ前－１到－２１位点（包含ＳＤ序列）的碱基构成与基因表达水平的关系。结果表明,ＳＤ序列中的富嘌呤区（约在－７到－１２位点）Ｇ和Ｔ的概率分布曲线中心到ＡＴＧ的距离（记为ＬＨ）与基因表达水平有明显的关系。甚高表达基因ＬＨ约为１０,甚低表达基因的ＬＨ约为８,另外在－     

A pair of two－component regulatory genes ecrA1／A2 in S. coelicolor

Two-component genes are kinds of genetic elements involved in regulation of antibiotic production in Streptomyces coelicolor. DNA microarray analysis revealed that ecrA1/A2, which mapped at distant sites from red locus and encode respectively the kinase and regulator, expressed coordinately with genes of Red specific biosynthetic pathway, ecrA1 and ecrA2 gene-disruptive mutants were constructed using homogenotisation by reciprocal double crossover. Fermentation data showed that the undecylprodigiosin (Red) level of production was lower than that of wild-type strain. However, the change of the actinorhodin (Act) production level was not significant compared with wild type. Thus, these experiment results confirmed that the two-component system ecrA 1/A2 was positive regulatory element for red gene cluster.     

A cluster of cystic fibrosis mutations in the first nucleotide-binding fold of the cystic fibrosis conductance regulator protein.

The gene responsible for cystic fibrosis (CF) has recently been identified and is predicted to encode a protein of 1,480 amino acids called the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). Several functional regions are thought to exist in the CFTR protein, including two areas for ATP-binding, termed nucleotide-binding folds (NBFs), a regulatory (R) region that has many possible sites for phosphorylation by protein kinases A and C, and two hydrophobic regions that probably interact with cell membranes. The most common CF gene mutation leads to omission of phenylalanine residue 508 in the putative first NBF, indicating that this region is functionally important. To determine whether other mutations occur in the NBFs of CFTR, we determined the nucleotide sequences of exons 9, 10, 11 and 12 (encoding the first NBF) and exons 20, 21 and 22 (encoding most of the second NBF) from 20 Caucasian and 18 American-black CF patients. One cluster of four mutations was discovered in a 30-base-pair region of exon 11. Three of these mutations cause amino-acid substitutions at residues that are highly conserved among the CFTR protein, the multiple-drug-resistance proteins and ATP-binding membrane-associated transport proteins. The fourth mutation creates a premature termination signal. These mutations reveal a functionally important region in the CFTR protein and provide further evidence that CFTR is a member of the family of ATP-dependent transport proteins.     

棒状杆菌表达载体pJL23的构建

质粒ｐＧＡ４６－４带有从谷氨酸棒杆菌染色体上分离到的有启动功能的片段,用ＰＣＲ技术从ｐＧＡ４６－４中扩增了该片段的关键区域;启动子ＰＧＬ,将该启动子经ＥｃｏＲⅠ－ＢａｍＨ Ⅰ双酶切后,与大肠杆菌质粒ｐＪＬ０１的ＥｃｏＲⅠ－ＢａｍＨⅠ大片段连接,再接入Ｘｙｌ Ｅ ｇｅｎｅ和棒状杆菌质粒ｐＸＺ１０１４２,构建成棒状杆菌－大肠杆菌穿梭表达载体ｐＪＬ２３。用邻苯二酚双加氧酶基因检测表明,该表达载体可在棒状     

假单胞菌ND6菌株水杨酸羟化酶基因(nahG)的核苷酸序列分析和酶鉴定

水杨酸羟化酶是细菌萘降解途径中的关键酶，它能催化水杨酸脱羟和羟化，生成儿茶酚．假单胞菌(Pseudomonas)DN6菌株的萘降解基因位于102kb的质粒pND6-1上，以pUC18质粒为载体，制备了含有1～3kb pND6-1 DNA随机片段的基因库，通过DNA测序和DNA序列同源性分析，从基因库中筛选出含有水杨酸羟化酶基因nahG的克隆．nahG基因的大小为1305bp，编码的水杨酸羟化酶(NahG)由434个氨基酸组成，与Pseudomonas putida NCIB 9816-4菌株的水杨酸羟化酶基因相比，核苷酸序列的同源性为100％，与其它10种细菌的水杨酸羟化酶基因相比，核苷酸序列的同源性为32％～99％．酶学实验表明，ND6菌株的水杨酸羟化酶具有广泛的底物特异性，它不仅能代谢水杨酸，还能代谢多种水杨酸的衍生物，如乙酰水杨酸、黄基水杨酸、3-甲基水杨酸、5-甲基水杨酸和5-氯水杨酸等．     

赤铁矿紫外光催化苯胺的研究

摘要:选择氧化-相转变法制备纳米-Fe2O3,并通过X射线衍射分析仪(XRD)、红外光谱仪(FT-TR)、综合热重分析仪(TG)对样品进行了表征.以苯胺为模型化合物,通过正交实验法确定了-Fe2O3对苯胺光催化降解的最佳实验条件,重点讨论了苯胺初始质量浓度(A)、光照射时间(B)、赤铁矿投加量(C)和pH(D)等因素对催化效率的影响.并测试了赤铁矿的光催化性能.实验结果表明:苯胺初始质量浓度为7mg/L,赤铁矿投加量为0.025g/L,pH值为6的催化效果最好,紫外光照射90min时,降解率达90%.且各因素对降解的影响顺序为:A?D?C?B.-Fe2O3对苯胺的光催化动力学行为符合Langmuir-Hinshelwood模型.     

Sequential activation of HOX2 homeobox genes by retinoic acid in human embryonal carcinoma cells

RETINOIC acid had been implicated as a natural morphogen in chicken and frog embryogenesis, and is presumed to act through the gene regulatory activity of a family of nuclear receptors. Homeobox genes, which specify positional information in Drosophila and possibly in vertebrate embryogenesis, are among the candidate responsive genes. We previously reported that retinoic acid specifically induces human homeobox gene (HOX) expression in the embryonal carcinoma cell line NT2/D1. We now show that the nine genes of the HOX2 cluster are differentially activated in NT2/D1 cells exposed to retinoic acid concentrations ranging from 10(-8) to 10(-5) M. Genes located in the 3' half of the cluster are induced at peak levels by 10(-8) M retinoic acid, whereas a concentration of 10(-6) to 10(-5) M is required to fully activate 5' genes. At both high and low retinoic acid concentrations, HOX2 genes are sequentially activated in embryonal carcinoma cells in the 3' to 5' direction.     

Cupriavidus metallidurans CH34中2个苯酚降解基因簇的筛选与功能鉴定

Cupriavidus metallidurans(C.metallidurans)CH34是一种重金属耐受性细菌,能在以苯酚、甲苯酚、苯甲酸、苯胺等芳香族化合物为唯一碳源和能源的培养基中生长,其基因组中含有2个苯酚降解基因簇.以载体pIndigo-BAC 5构建C.metallidurans CH34的细菌人工染色体(bacterial artificial chromosome,BAC)文库,获得约3万个克隆,平均插入片段大小为30 kb,插入频率为98%,推测该文库覆盖CH34基因组约1 240倍.用PCR筛选文库中的3 000个单克隆,共获得9个阳性克隆,其中5个克隆含有长基因簇,4个含有短基因簇,并从中得到含有全长苯酚降解基因簇的克隆.利用以苯酚为唯一碳源的无机盐培养基,研究2个基因簇在大肠杆菌中的表达情况.结果显示,两个基因簇均表现出了苯酚降解能力,短簇的降酚能力要优于长簇.