以阳离子Gemini表面活性剂C12-2-12为模板合成纯硅立方介孔材料

用Gemini表面活性剂[C12H25N+(CH3)2-(CH2)2-N+(CH3)2C12H25]·2Br-作模板合成了立方结构的介孔二氧化硅,并且用小角X射线衍射和氮气吸附-脱附技术对样品进行了表征. 结果表明, 所得到的介孔二氧化硅为立方结构,晶胞参数在8.45～8.57 nm之间; 孔道的有序性随表面活性剂与Na2SiO3比例的增大而增加. 氮气吸附-脱附等温线为第Ⅳ类型的等温线,在相对压力p/p0=0.15～0.25 和 P/P0 = 0.8～1的范围内出现两个H1型滞后环, 分别是由介孔孔道和颗粒之间的空穴引起的. BET表面积也随表面活性剂与Na2SiO3比例的增大而增大, 最大可达1 100 m2/g, 最可几孔径在2.20 nm左右.     

一种Gemini阳离子表面活性剂的合成及其在SiO_2界面的吸附规律

在甲醇钠催化下,丁二酸二甲酯与N,N-二甲基乙醇胺进行酯交换反应合成二(二甲基胺基乙基)丁二酸酯,产率91.2%(以丁二酸二甲酯计);再与正溴代十四烷反应合成了一种新型含丁二酸酯基的Gemini阳离子表面活性剂C14H29(CH3)2N+CH2CH2OCOCH2CH2COOCH2CH2N+(CH3)2C14H29.2Br-,产率85%[以二(二甲基氨基乙基)丁二酸酯计];研究了这种双子表面活性剂在SiO2上的吸附规律,实验结果表明,该Gemini阳离子表面活性剂在SiO界面吸附规律符合Langmuir方程.     

气-液界面上的Gemini表面活性剂/DNA复合膜

用Langmuir-Blodgett(LB)膜技术和原子力显微镜探讨平衡时间、盐浓度和连接基团长度对气-液界面上阳离子型Gemini表面活性剂([C18H37(CH3)2N+-(CH2)s-N+(CH3)2C18 H37]·2Br－,简写成18-s-18,s=3、4、6、8、10、12)与DNA分子之间相互作用的影响.结果表明,表面活性剂与DNA分子之间的相互作用达到平衡时需较长时间;随着盐浓度的增加,盐的屏蔽作用增大,致使表面活性剂与DNA分子之间的相互作用减弱;当连接基团为刚性(s=3、4)时,分子间的空间位阻较小,Gemini表面活性剂/DNA复合膜主要形成纤维结构;而当连接基团为柔性(s≥8)时,分子间的位阻效应增大,则主要形成片状聚集体.     

胶原蛋白在LB膜上的吸附行为研究

基底的性质和制备方法对吸附胶原层的超分子自组装过程有很大的影响,将一种Gemini表面活性剂C18H37(CH3)2N+-(CH2)12-N+(CH3)2C18H37·2Br-(简写为18-12-18)利用LB技术在零压下转移到云母片上制成基底,浸入到pH值为3.0的胶原溶液中37℃恒温吸附不同的时间,样品用原子力显微镜(AFM)进行表征。结果表明:在恒温过程中,LB膜上的表面活性剂分子会发生移动和翻转,胶原分子优先吸附在LB膜上形成单层网状结构,随吸附时间的延长,胶原分子也会在云母上发生吸附,最后两者会交织成无序的胶原纤维。     

苯基官能化MCM-48介孔材料的制备和表征

以正硅酸乙脂为硅源,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为结构模板剂,苯基三甲氧基硅烷为偶联剂,用共水解缩聚一步合成了苯基官能化的介孔二氧化硅(C6H5-MCM-48)材料.用小角X射线衍射(SAXRD)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、热重分析(TGA)和N2吸附-脱附对材料进行了表征.结果表明,苯基已成功键合至孔道表面形成了无机/有机介孔复合体材料,且具有MCM-48的孔道结构特征,改性后的C6H5-MCM-48较纯硅MCM-48材料具有较窄的孔径分布,较大的孔体积和较高的比表面积.     

一种含多官能团双子表面活性剂的合成及性能

合成一种含多个官能团的Gemini表面活性剂C16H33OCOCH2(CH3)2N+(CH2)3NHCOCH2CONH-(CH2)3N+(CH3)2CH2COOC16H33.2Br-(Ⅰ)并研究其表面性质.在丙酮溶剂中,二(3-二甲氨基丙基)丙二酰胺(Ⅱ)与过量的氯乙酸十六醇酯反应,经丙酮和乙腈混合溶剂重结晶得到白色固体产物,收率为82.6%(以Ⅱ计).采用IR、1H NMR对其结构进行表征.两相滴定法分析其纯度为99.8%;电导率法测定其CMC值为6.33×10-5mol.L-1;滴体积法测定其γCMC为34.89 mN.m-1;其Krafft点小于0℃.并研究了其乳化、泡沫性能.     

一种含多官能团双子表面活性剂的合成及性能

合成一种含多个官能团的Gemini表面活性剂C16H33OCOCH2(CH3)2N+(CH2)3NHCOCH2CONH-(CH2)3N+(CH3)2CH2COOC16H33.2Br-(Ⅰ)并研究其表面性质.在丙酮溶剂中,二(3-二甲氨基丙基)丙二酰胺(Ⅱ)与过量的氯乙酸十六醇酯反应,经丙酮和乙腈混合溶剂重结晶得到白色固体产物,收率为82.6%(以Ⅱ计).采用IR、1H NMR对其结构进行表征.两相滴定法分析其纯度为99.8%;电导率法测定其CMC值为6.33×10-5mol.L-1;滴体积法测定其γCMC为34.89 mN.m-1;其Krafft点小于0℃.并研究了其乳化、泡沫性能.     

烷基MCM-41复合介孔分子筛的合成

以二甲基二氯硅烷(Dimethyl dichlorosilane,DMCS)、辛基三甲氧基硅烷(Octyltrimethoxysi-lane,C11H26O3Si)和十八烷基三氯硅烷(Octadecyltrichlorosilane,C18H37C13Si)为硅烷化试剂,采用后处理接枝技术对介孔分子筛MCM-4l表面进行烷基化修饰,合成了无机-有机复合材料R-MCM-41(R-烷基),并用XRD、元素分析和FT-lR对复合材料进行了表征。结果表明,有机基团进入了MCM-41孔道。     

水-有机两相体系长链烯烃氢甲酰化反应研究--阳离子表面活性剂结构的影响

合成了四种季铵盐型阳离子表面活性剂C22H45N（CH3）2C2H5Br(二十二烷基乙基二甲基溴化铵)，C22H45N(CH3)2C4H9Br(二十二烷基丁基二甲基溴化铵)，C22H45N(CH3)2C8H17Br(二十二烷基辛基二甲基溴化铵)，C22H45N(CH3)2C12H25Br(二十二烷基十二烷基二甲基溴化铵)，并考察了其对Rh-TPPTS[TPPTS：P(m—C6H4SO3Na)3]催化的水—有机两相长链烯烃氢甲酰化反应性能的影响．研究结果表明，在该体系中添加含有疏水长链的阳离子表面活性剂后，反应性能得到明显改善．     

模板剂对合成中孔分子筛MCM-48的影响

分别采用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）、十八烷基三甲基溴化铵（STAB）表面活性剂作模板,用曲拉通X-100为辅助模板剂,正硅酸乙脂（TEOS）为硅源,在较短时间内合成了具有立方介孔结构的MCM-48.通过X射线衍射（XRD）,氮气等温吸附-脱附,透射电镜（TEM）等表征手段对3种样品进行了对比分析.讨论了2种不同表面活性剂及其辅助模板剂对介孔分子筛的晶体结构、孔径大小的影响.实验结果表明：MCM-48的孔径随着合成所用的阳离子季铵盐表面活性剂的烷基链长增长而增大,并且加入的高分子辅助模板剂可以增大介孔分子筛的孔径,同时降低了其结构的有序性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that