我国古代文论“移情说”探索

数十年来，学术界一般认为“移情”这一概念是从西方美学移植过来的，因而往往以西方美学的“移情”概念来规范或比较中国古代文论的移情现象与移情作用。那末我国古代文论到底有否“移情”的概念或“移情说”?本文特提出几点不成熟的意见以资商讨。     

中国古代的"物感"说与西方近代"移情"说比较

中国古代的物感说和西方近代的移情说都探讨了艺创作中的主客关系及其美感源泉等问题。它们都表明人在观察外物时，设身处地，从而达到一种物我交融、物我同一的精神活动。但因二所产生的社会化传统不同，二有着明显的差别：一是审美产生的原因不同；二是主客体的关系不同。     

中西美学存在方式的变化

中国美学一直被学人认为是不成体系，称不上“学”的一个领域。然而它与其它领域水乳交融，“形散而神不散”的自在存在方式，恰恰是更高的更具生命力的存在方式，是更具开放性，古老而又充满现代性的活的体系。西方美学自始而有的体系化存在方式，到了20世纪却逐渐系统化，它即使中国美学与西方美学有了对话的可能，又使中国美学保持着其独具的风姿。中西美学存在方式暗合的背后，依然显示总理性思维与神话思维方式的不同。     

中国审美移情探源

19世纪后半叶德国美学家立普斯的移情说在西方美学界产生了很大的影响。移情是人的情感外射、移注于客观事物而形成物我交融的艺术境界的过程。中国虽没有如西方一样明确的“移情说”的提出,但是从古以来移情理论已深入诗人和艺术家的创作之中,强调由物及人,以理节情,主客体和谐统一,有着自身的特点。     

中国古代"观"论的生态美学智慧

由“流观”论、“游观”论和“物观”论等构成的中国古代审美“观”论体系包含深刻的生态美学智慧,它不仅有助于我们考察古代中国人的自然观、时空观、生命观特征,而且可以帮助我们更深入地领悟古代中国人在“天—人—地”生存网络中的谛视方式,以及在这一谛视方式主宰下古代中国人如何处理人与自然的关系、如何安顿自我生命等重要理论问题。这些生态美学智慧中的合理成份,可以为当今艺术生态学的发展提供一些有益的参考。     

“原子”型思维与“元气”型思维——中西科学思维比较分析

在科学思想史上,古希腊的“原子论”和古代中国的“元气说”是影响极为深远的两种学说。它们分别代表着西方的和中国传统的科学思维类型的基本特点。它们的差异,不仅影响中西各自的物质本原和结构理论,而且还影响到中西科学思想的很多层面。通过“原子”型思维与“元气”型思维的比较研究,可以更清楚地看到中西科学思     

意象思维与中国古典文论--兼谈"原型"

意象思维是中国传统思维方式，在中华元典中已有所体现。这种思维方式影响了古代文学理论的诸多范畴，并形成了中国传统的审美意象批评。“意象”与西方文论中的“原型”具有相通之处，但中国的意象批评更注重审美特性。     

论中国诗学"气韵生动"说的美学意义

本文从构成、逻辑运动方式和人文关注三方面分析了中国传统诗学“气韵生动”说的美学意义，充分强调了人在艺术与美学中的作用，从而证实“气韵生动”说实质上就是一种建立在“天人感应”基础上的生命美学。     

从"生产论"视角看"审美意识形态"说

20世纪以来,西方意识形态学说逐渐渗入中国文学理论,对中国文学理论的发展形成深刻影响。人们在理解文学现象、建构文论体系、寻找话语方式的过程中不断从意识形态学说中获得启示,拓展了新的理论视域;但同时,也不断因为这种影响而形成偏向,甚至进入理论误区。文学与意识形态到底是一种什么关系?“意识形态”能否通过“审美”的限定而获得对文学本质的界定力量?将文学定位为一种“审美意识形态”,对中国文学的历史状况和现实发展到底产生了什么样的影响……这些问题,无论它们是否在历史上出现过,甚至被讨论过,在21世纪初中国新的文化环境中,对它们进行探讨,其意义依然是十分重要而急迫的。因为中国当代文学理论的外部环境正在发生着化变,新的困惑与挑战不断产生。一方面,西方后现代主义和商业文化的浮泛正在使中国文学理论更多地离开它本应深深植根的中国现实,从而导致对中国文论传统和文学现象的进一步疏离。另一方面,理论方法的游移不定,话语方式的奥涩难解,阐述分析的疲软无力,这些十分明显的弊病的形成,又不能简单归结于文学理论所受到的外部影响。就其自身而言,经历了百年历史过程的中国现当代文学理论,是否真正获得了作为理论的“自律性”与“自治性”,它在基本范畴的确定和本质问题的阐述中是否存在逻辑的不周圆,甚至逻辑的混乱,这是我们更加应该反思的。从这个起点出发,可以肯定地说,进一步考辨“文学审美意识形态”问题,由此展开更为深入而广泛的关于文学理论问题的讨论,乃是中国当代文学理论建设的一种必要行为,它所具有的重要价值不会停留在概念与范畴辨析本身,而会逐渐在文学理论的基本姿态、思维方式和学科理路等更为深刻的层面上显示出来。这里辑发的7篇文章,紧扣“文学审美意识形态”问题,进行了多角度思考分析。我们的希望是,吸引更多关注的目光,回到文学理论建设的基本问题上来,使中国当代日渐繁复的文论状态,在严谨的心态与缜密的思维逻辑中获得更多的纯化与升华。(张永刚)     

从类特质出发建构中国现代美学——关于全球化时代下中国美学何以成为可能的几点思考

面对强大的西方传统学术背景，中国学人们意图在更高的维度上重构中国现代美学。也试图在更高层次上实现中西两种不同类型美学的对话与交流。基于这样的认知，要想建立具有现代形态意义上的中国美学，要从“类特质”视角出发看待中国美学，既不要以西抑中，也不能以中抑西。应把中西美学看成两种不同“类特质”的美学资源。也因此，我们要摆正心态对待中西两种不同类特质的美学，挖掘各自有益于人类审美思想精华的东西，将中西两种不同类特质美学放置于平等的平台上，实现中西美学可能的对话与交流。这样做的目的是使中国美学的建设在全球化大背景下走上与西方美学同步的现代化之路。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that