Effectiveness of sodium silicate as gangue depressants in iron ore slimes flotation

The recovery of iron from the screw classifier overflow slimes by direct flotation was studied. The relative effectiveness of sodium silicates with different silica-to-soda mole ratios as depressants for silica and silicate bearing minerals was investigated. Silica-to-soda mole ratio and silicate dosage were found to have significant effect on the separation efficiency. The results show that an increase of Fe content in the concentrate is observed with concomitant reduction in SiO₂ and Al₂O₃ levels when a particular type of sodium silicate at a proper dosage is used. The concentrate of 58.89wt% Fe, 4.68wt% SiO₂, and 5.28wt% Al₂O₃ with the weight recovery of 38.74% and the metal recovery of 41.13% can be obtained from the iron ore slimes with 54.44wt% Fe, 6.72wt% SiO₂, and 6.80wt% Al₂O₃, when Na₂SiO₃ with a silica-to-soda mole ratio of 2.19 is used as a depressant at a feed rate of 0.2 kg/t.     

Dolochar as a reductant in the reduction roasting of iron ore slimes

The present investigation examines the viability of dolochar, a sponge iron industry waste material, as a reductant in the reduction roasting of iron ore slimes, which are another waste generated by iron ore beneficiation plants. Under statistically determined optimum conditions, which include a temperature of 900℃, a reductant-to-feed mass ratio of 0.35, and a reduction time of 30-45 min, the roasted mass, after being subjected to low-intensity magnetic separation, yielded an iron ore concentrate of approximately 64wt% Fe at a mass recovery of approximately 71% from the feed iron ore slime assaying 56.2wt% Fe. X-ray diffraction analyses indicated that the magnetic products contain magnetite and hematite as the major phases, whereas the nonmagnetic fractions contain quartz and hematite.     

Fundamentals of fast reduction of ultrafine iron ore at low temperature

Fundamentals on the fast reduction of ultrafine iron ore at low temperature, including characterization of ultrafine ore, deoxidation thermodynamics of stored-energy ultra.fine ore, kinetics of iron ore deoxidation, and deoxidation mechanism, etc., and a new ironmaking process are presented in this article. Ultrafine ore concentrate with a high amount of stored energy can be produced by mechanical milling, and can be deoxidated fast below 700℃ by either the coal-based or gas-based process. This novel process has some advantages over others: high productivity, low energy consumntion, and environmental friendliness.     

铁矿粉的烧结熔融特性及其评价方法

通过可视化高温实验装置观察了七种不同类型常用进口铁矿粉试样的熔化流动过程.在所测定的熔融曲线上定义了T30、T55、TR以及SR等表征其熔融特性的评价指标,并以此考察了不同类型铁矿粉的烧结熔融特性.研究结果表明:澳大利亚褐铁矿最容易产生液相,但其液相形成过程中温度区间窄,温控性差,安全性低;澳大利亚半褐铁矿在低温烧结条件下有效液相量不足,而温控性则略好于澳大利亚褐铁矿;澳大利亚、南非以及巴西南部的赤铁矿熔融特性较为适宜,但前者易形成液相而后两者温控性和安全性更好;巴西的南部精粉、北部赤铁矿在低温烧结下很难生成液相.通过对各种铁矿粉熔融特性的研究,提出了基于铁矿粉熔融特性的烧结优化配矿原则.     

烧结用生石灰所含杂质对其消化性能的影响

采用恒温量热法,针对实验室煅烧的各种生石灰试样,研究其所含SiO2、Al2O3、MgO等杂质对消化性能的影响规律,并选用烧结现场使用的五种生石灰对研究结果进行验证.研究发现:生石灰的消化放热量与其CaO含量呈正相关关系,并随SiO2、Al2O3和MgO含量的增加而下降;SiO2、Al2O3和MgO杂质对生石灰消化速率有重要影响,当SiO2质量分数增加至1％水平时,生石灰消化速率的降幅较大,之后则缓慢降低;少量的Al2O3对生石灰消化速率影响较小,但当Al2O3质量分数超过2％时生石灰消化速率急剧下降;随着MgO含量的增加,生石灰消化速率显著降低.     

铁尾矿石骨料特征及在混凝土中的应用实验研究

为了提高铁尾矿石在混凝土中的骨料利用率,促进铁尾矿石成为混凝土骨料的一种替代品,对鞍山某铁尾矿石破碎的骨料进行物理特征分析,并对配制的普通混凝土、高强混凝土和无砂混凝土进行抗压强度试验,对比铁尾矿石骨料在不同混凝土中的骨架性能差异.研究表明,铁尾矿石骨料的化学成分氯离子、MgO、Na2O等含量很低;粗骨料力学特性明显,棱角性较强,符合Ⅰ级料要求;配制的普通混凝土、高强混凝土、无砂混凝土均具备良好的抗压性能;铁尾矿石粗骨料在高强混凝土中的自身骨架性能发挥程度最高;无砂混凝土粗骨料的穿透率介于普通混凝土与高强混凝土之间.     

红土贫铁矿的金属化

在还原气氛下进行了红土贫铁矿的还原焙烧实验,采用正交实验设计方法,以C/O、焙烧时间和焙烧温度为因素,在还原气氛下得到了最佳工艺条件为:C/O是0.8,还原焙烧温度1350℃,时间为25min.另外发现,在更长的还原焙烧时间或焙烧温度下,产生珠铁分离现象.为接近实际生产条件,进行了敞开氧化气氛实验,由于表面氧化的原因,金属化率仅为50%左右,通过控制球团表面气体搅动,可减轻表面氧化现象,进而提高金属化率,而通过氧化气氛下的实验结果,也证明了实际生产的可行性.     

Development of carbon composite iron ore micropellets by using the microfines of iron ore and carbon-bearing materials in iron making

Iron ore microfines and concentrate have very limited uses in sintering processes. They are used in pelletization; however, this process is cost intensive. Furthermore, the microfines of non-coking coal and other carbon-bearing materials, e.g., blast-furnace flue dust (BFD) and coke fines, are not used extensively in the metallurgical industry because of operational difficulties and handling problems. In the present work, to utilize these microfines, coal composite iron oxide micropellets (2-6 mm in size) were produced through an innovative technique in which lime and molasses were used as binding materials in the micropellets. The micropellets were subsequently treated with CO₂ or the industrial waste gas to induce the chemical bond formation. The results show that, at a very high carbon level of 22wt% (38wt% coal), the cold crushing strength and abrasion index of the micropellets are 2.5-3 kg/cm2 and 5wt%-9wt%, respectively; these values indicate that the pellets are suitable for cold handling. The developed micropellets have strong potential as a heat source in smelting reduction in iron making and sintering to reduce coke breeze. The micropellets produced with BFD and coke fines (8wt%-12wt%) were used in iron ore sintering and were observed to reduce the coke breeze consumption by 3%-4%. The quality of the produced sinter was at par with that of the conventional blast-furnace sinter.     

滴定分析法测定铁矿石中铁含量

SnCl2-TiCl3-K2Cr2O7滴定分析法是试样用盐酸加氟化钠加热分解,让有铁的氧化物及硅酸盐都变成氧化铁进入溶液中。先用氯化亚锡将大部分三价铁离子还原成二价铁,以钨酸钠为指示剂,用三氯化钛将剩余的三价铁还原成二价铁至生成"钨蓝",再用重铬酸钾标准溶液氧化至蓝色消失,加入硫磷混合酸以二苯胺磺酸钠为指示剂,用重铬酸钾标准液滴定。通过调节不同的还原酸度,还原温度,试剂用量和溶样时间,对其最佳实验条件进行了优化。用SnCl2-TiCl3-K2Cr2O7滴定分析法测定铁矿石中铁含量,相对标准偏差在0.68%~2.6%之间,回收率在91.9%~97.9%之间,方法准确可靠。     

某高磷铁矿提铁降磷研究

以湖南某地高磷铁矿为原料,采用还原焙烧一磁选一硫酸浸出工艺进行提铁降磷试验研究.对还原焙烧一磁选粗精矿进行硫酸浸出工艺参数优化,对浸出时间、液固比、硫酸用量和搅拌速度等因素对提铁降磷效果的影响进行研究.研究结果表明:对原矿品位为47.28%Fe(质量分数)和磷含量为1.59%的高磷铁矿石经过还原焙烧一磁选得到的粗精矿,在浸出时间为2h、液固比为2.5、硫酸用量为50 kg/t和搅拌速度为500 r/min的条件下进行酸性浸出提铁降磷,最终得到铁精矿品位达62.35%Fe,磷含量为0.20%,铁总回收率为90.54%和脱磷率为87.42%.     

首钢烧结矿还原动力学

采用热重法在1173～1373 K、全CO气氛条件下,对首钢烧结矿进行还原动力学实验,确定了还原反应的表观活化能,进而推断在还原反应的前期烧结矿还原速率均由界面反应控制,还原反应后期的控制环节为固相扩散.分别由未反应核模型和固相反应动力学模型,分段给出不同温度下控制环节突变的时间点;通过动力学公式计算,得出不同温度下的反应速率常数和固相扩散系数.利用光学显微镜观察了烧结矿在各还原阶段的微观形貌,验证了烧结矿还原动力学的机理,同时也证明了扩散控制阶段使用体积缩小的未反应核模型与实际情况是吻合的.     

铁矿石烧结性能预报模型

研究了铁矿石烧结性能的评价指标及其主要影响因素, 提出了误差修正的带动量项的线性再励自适应变步长BP神经网络算法, 建立了铁矿石烧结性能预报模型. 模型预报结果表明, 用拓扑结构为12-34-4的BP神经网络训练6 700次后, 神经网络训练误差为0.000 187, 模型预报命中率均达83.5%以上, 模型具有很好的泛化能力和自适应能力.     

铁矿石中全铁的分析方法改进

该文介绍了无汞测铁技术应用于铁矿石中全铁的测定新方法。用甲基橙作SnCl2还原Fe3＋的指示剂,再用K2Cr2O7标准溶液滴定亚铁。     

低品位铁矿石直接还原过程铁颗粒生长和解离特性

对某低品位铁矿直接还原过程中金属铁颗粒的生长和解离特性进行了研究,重点讨论了还原剂用量和还原时间对铁颗粒长大的影响.X射线衍射和扫描电镜分析结果表明:减少还原剂用量能减弱还原气氛,减少结晶中心的生成,有利于铁颗粒的聚集长大,但因为部分铁损失于脉石中,所以限制了铁晶核的进一步长大;延长还原时间能有效地促进铁颗粒的聚集长大,并降低铁产品的活性,防止再氧化;还原矿中非晶态物质的生成以及金属铁和脉石的硬度差异,有利于金属铁颗粒的粗磨单体解离.     

铁精粉氧化过程的动力学研究

通过恒温和均匀升温实验,采用大载荷热重分析仪研究了铁精粉氧化过程动力学.结果表明:均匀升温过程中,铁精粉氧化的主要控制环节变化是外扩散型→内扩散型→外扩散型,氧化结束后,部分Fe2O3发生分解反应生成Fe2O4和O2,使得TG曲线质量变化率减小;等温实验也证明了氧化主体部分的控制环节是内扩散,其表观活化能为26.193 kJ·mol-1;铁精粉氧化过程促进了钛元素富集,改变了产物的微观结构.     

铁矿烧结中燃料合理分布研究

以我国某钢铁公司烧结原料为对象,对烧结过程的自动蓄热热平衡进行分析和计算,提出料层蓄热及燃料合理分布的计算模型,并按3层进行燃料分层布料烧结试验.计算结果表明,当料高为600 mm时,烧结各料层可利用蓄热率为35%左右;当焦粉配加量上层、中层和下层分别为4.9%,4.3%和3.4%时,在不降低烧结矿产质量的同时,固体燃耗降低3.69 kg/t.     

Direct reduction of iron ore by biomass char

By using thermogravimetric analysis the process and mechanism of iron ore reduced by biomass char were investigated and compared with those reduced by coal and coke. It is found that biomass char has a higher reactivity. The increase of carbon-to-oxygen mole ratio (C/O) can lead to the enhancement of reaction rate and reduction fraction, but cannot change the temperature and trend of each reaction. The reaction temperature of hematite reduced by biomass char is at least 100 K lower than that reduced by coal and coke, the maximum reaction rate is 1.57 times as high as that of coal, and the final reaction fraction is much higher. Model calculation indicates that the use of burden composed of biomass char and iron ore for blast furnaces can probably decrease the temperature of the thermal reserve zone and reduce the CO equilibrium concentration.     

CW-1铁矿石浮选捕收剂的研制

以壬二酸为原料,采用臭氧联合催化剂催化氧化方法合成油酸,复配制备CW-1捕收剂。考察合成时间与氧化剂种类对合成效果的影响,结果显示,最佳反应时间为120 min、氧化剂为双氧水。分别采用开路和闭路方法对比CW-1捕收剂与KS-2捕收剂选别选矿试验,表明CW-1捕收剂具有较好的低温使用效能,同时利用红外光谱分析CW-1捕收剂浮选机理。     

生物质燃料应用于铁矿烧结的研究

通过烧结杯试验对2种木炭、1种固体成型锯末替代焦粉进行研究。研究结果表明:随着生物质燃料替代焦粉质量分数的提高,烧结适宜水分呈增加趋势,且生物质燃烧速度快使垂直烧结速度提高,而料层最高温度降低使烧结矿熔融区铁酸钙质量分数减小,大孔薄壁结构增加,造成烧结矿成品率和转鼓强度降低;当此3种生物质燃料分别替代质量分数为40%的焦粉进行烧结时,烧结速度均升高,但烧结矿成品率和转鼓强度降低,且生物质的燃料比(即固定碳与挥发分的质量比)越低,其替代焦粉的适宜质量分数也越低,经过炭化的生物质能获得更好的烧结指标;通过降低生物质燃料的热量置换比以及适当提高生物质的平均粒径,提高了料层的最高温度,从而强化生物质燃料的铁矿烧结,提高了烧结矿产量和质量。     

基于铁矿粉烧结基础性能的优化配矿研究

以提高烧结矿性能为目标,对国内两种铁矿粉以及国外三种铁矿粉进行了同化性能、液相流动性能、粘结相强度三个方面分析研究,并据烧结矿各项性能指标制定出配矿方案进行优化实验,探寻最佳配矿比例。结果表明,五种铁矿粉中自产矿的各项性能最优,其他四种铁矿粉的各项烧结基础性能优势各不相同。其次,根据实验结果制定出优化配矿方案,对比混合矿的各项基础特性,得出最优化配矿方案：自产矿为50%,鞍千矿为20%,巴西B为15%,澳矿为10%,巴西A为5%,为现场烧结生产提供了理论依据。