药型罩锥角和壁厚对聚能射流速度影响的分析

本文采用数值模拟方法,对药型罩结构进行优化设计,建立了金属射流形成过程计算模型,采用自适应网格技术,计算分析了不同锥角和壁厚对聚能装药射流速度的影响. 设计了射流穿靶实验,采用靶网测速法测量了金属射流的速度,通过观察金属射流形成的杵体及侵彻靶板的孔径,获得了金属射流的直径. 结果表明设计的聚能装药射流在炸高40 mm处的平均速度为7800 m/s,射流直径为7.55 mm左右.     

活性药型罩聚能装药作用混凝土靶毁伤效应

采用数值模拟和地面静爆实验相结合的方法,对活性药型罩聚能装药作用混凝土靶毁伤效应问题进行了研究.在Autodyn数值模拟中,活性药型罩爆炸驱动形成射流及侵彻混凝土靶过程采用二维欧拉算法,活性射流侵入混凝土内爆破过程采用三维SPH算法,活性射流冲击反应由Powder Burn模型描述,通过算法转换实现分步连续数值模拟.数值模拟结果表明,与金属射流相比,活性射流终点效应受炸高的影响更敏感,在约为1.0倍装药直径炸高下,活性射流可显著发挥侵爆联合毁伤优势,有效爆破深度约为6.5倍装药直径,当炸高超过2.0倍装药直径后,侵爆毁伤效应显著减弱.进一步与地面静爆实验结果相比,两者基本相吻合,验证了数值模拟的有效性.      

三种聚能装药结构形成射流的对比分析

为了对比不同聚能装药结构形成射流的特性,应用改进的PER理论模型,结合Autodyn有限元软件,理论和数值模拟研究了单锥罩、带隔板单锥罩和带隔板偏心亚半球罩三种装药结构的射流成型过程。计算了药型罩绝对压垮速度、绝对偏转角、压垮角、射流速度、射流质量等成型参数,获得了三种装药结构形成射流的形状。结果表明,带隔板偏心亚半球罩形成射流效果最佳,其质量堆积点位置降低了约20%,射流质量占药型罩质量提高了12.2%。数值模拟与理论计算结果吻合较好,研究结果为聚能装药战斗部的设计提供参考。     

铝药型罩环形聚能射流的数值模拟

基于一种药型罩材料为铝的环形聚能装药结构,通过Autodyn软件模拟不同起爆方式（起爆环直径D₁）和不同长径比（L/D）的装药,计算得到环形射流的成型过程和速度分布曲线.分析数值模拟结果发现:环形射流成型过程主要受长径比影响,长径比较小时射流发生内偏,长径比较大时射流发生外偏;射流轴向速度主要受长径比影响,长径比越大轴向速度越大,头部轴向速度最大相差约700 m/s;射流径向速度主要受起爆方式影响,平均径向速度最大相差为220 m/s,起爆环直径和长径比在较小或较大时,射流径向速度梯度较大;结合射流成型和速度结果,D₁=0.5D、L/D=1.0时射流综合性能较好.侵彻混凝土板试验的通孔直径为装药直径的2.6倍,数值模拟结果与试验结果误差为7.7%,验证了计算模型及算法的合理性.      

半球型药型罩聚能装药侵彻混凝土的数值模拟

本文采用Ls_dyna有限元分析软件对半球型药型罩聚能装药爆炸形成杆式聚能侵彻体及其对混凝土的侵彻作用进行了数值模拟,结合威力效应实验,对其成型及侵彻过程进行了研究,获得了半球型药型罩装药结构形成侵彻体的形状、头尾速度及它们对混凝土靶的侵彻参量。初步获得半球型罩对混凝土目标的毁伤特性,为同类装药优化设计提供参考。     

新型环形聚能射流形成机理研究

为了解决环形聚能射流稳定性差、速度低等缺点,提出了一种新型环形聚能装药结构,基于正交优化方法,采用Autodyn软件对新型环形聚能装药结构进行了优化设计,给出了药型罩壁厚、药型罩曲率半径、聚焦装置锥角、喷孔直径及壳体厚度对射流头部轴向及径向速度的影响,优化出了径向偏转速度低的新型环形聚能射流,并进行了实验验证,实验结果与数值模拟结果基本一致.数值模拟及实验结果均表明,文中提出的新型环形聚能装药结构能够形成环形破孔,在钢靶上破孔直径107 mm,深度28 mm.      

聚能射流形成及破甲过程的数值模拟分析

通过有限元显式动力分析软件的显式算法,对工程普遍使用的某一型号石油射孔弹装药爆破的聚能射流形成过程和对射孔枪壁的侵彻作用进行了数值模拟,对其模拟结果进行了讨论.分析了与破甲深度密切相关的炸高参数的特性.计算结果与射孔枪聚能射流形成及破甲的物理现象和规律相吻合,说明该计算模型和模拟方法合理、可行,可用于聚能装药的优化设计,对石油射孔弹生产及科研有一定的作用.     

新型聚能装药爆炸成型杆式射流数值模拟及试验研究

为解决杆式射流炸药能量利用率低、速度小等缺点,提出了一种新型高速杆式聚能装药结构,基于Autodyn软件分析了高速杆式射流的形成过程,给出了药型罩及附加装置截顶高度对杆式射流成型的影响,优化出了射流速度高、速度梯度小的杆式聚能装药结构并进行了试验验证,试验结果与数值模拟结果基本一致,表明采用的计算方法、材料模型及相关参数是合理的,验证了数值模拟的正确性,对进一步优化高速杆式射流设计具有一定的借鉴意义.      

装药间距对串联EFP成型及侵彻效应的影响

为了解决在大块度障碍物上快速开孔且孔深和孔径符合要求的难题,提出了一种前后两级均为爆炸成型弹丸装药的新型串联聚能装药结构。利用LSDYNA3D有限元软件对串联EFP装药的药型罩成型过程进行了数值模拟,并分析了两级装药间距对后级EFP成型的影响,在此基础上开展了串联EFP装药侵彻45# 钢靶试验。结果表明,该串联EFP装药结构可充分发挥前后两级EFP的侵彻能力,改善了串联装药的侵彻效果。     

不同材料模型的药型罩对仿真结果的影响

应用ANSYS/LS-DYNA的聚能装药侵彻仿真时,药型罩材料模型的选择有多种,对仿真结果之间的差别进行了比较.在炸药、药型罩结构等条件相同的情况下,选择Johnson-Cook与Steinberg两种材料模型,利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件对聚能射流侵彻靶板进行仿真.对比仿真结果,得出两种模型都能很好地模拟射流的形成及侵彻过程,且各时刻射流头部最高速度差值很小.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the