β-Ga2O3的高压原位拉曼光谱

利用金刚石对顶砧（DAC）高压装置产生高压, 在0~23.4 GPa研究β相氧化镓（β-Ga₂O₃）晶体高压原位拉曼光谱. 根据高压拉曼光谱的实验数据, 给出了β-Ga₂O₃晶体拉曼振动频率与压力的关系, 并将外振动谱线144 cm^-1归属于平移模, 169 cm^-1归属于转动模. 在18 GPa附近, 发现两个新的拉曼峰232 cm^-1和483 cm^-1, 由这两个峰的强度随压力的升高逐渐增强可知, β-Ga₂O₃晶体发生了压力导致的结构相变.      

Decompression-induced disorder to order phase transition in low-melting ionic liquid [OMIM][PF6]

In situ pressure-induced Raman spectral changes of 1-octyl-3-methyl imidazolium hexafluorophosphate （[OMIM][PF6]） have been investigated under the pressure up to 5.86 GPa at room temperature. The results indicated that [OMIM][PF6] experienced a phase transition at about 4.12 GPa during compression, and it was thought as a phase transition of liquid to a superpressurized glass. Upon decompression, from the obvious change of Raman spectra of [OMIM][PF6] at about 0.48 GPa, it could be inferred that a decompression-induced disorder to order phase transition in [OMIM][PF6] occurred. The phase behavior of [OMIM] [PF6] at low temperature under atmospheric pressure was also investigated in detail. The result showed that Raman spectra of [OMIM][PF6] varied slightly and no crystallization occurred upon cooling. These facts suggested that a disorder to order phase transition was induced by decompression in [OMIM][PF6], and [OMIM][PF6] served as a superpressurized glass under the pressure above 4.12 GPa, which was similar to the glassy state at low temperature.     

PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3的高压合成

研究使用2种原料进行PbZr_0.52Ti_0.48O₃的高压合成. 实验结果表明, 以PbO,ZrO₂和TiO₂(1:0.52∶0.48)为原料, 在1.5 GPa和3.6 GPa压力, 880~1 061 ℃条件下主要形成PbTiO₃, ZrO₂和Pb三相混合物, 仅在880 ℃附近有少量锆钛酸铅(PZT)相生成. 以Zr_0.52Ti_0.48O₂为B位先驱体, 与PbO混合后进行高压高温合成, 在1.5 GPa, 710~812 ℃条件下形成PbZr_0.52Ti_0.48O₃相, 未发现PbTiO3相. 对高压高温（1.5 GPa, 812 ℃）合成的PbZr_0.52Ti_0.48O₃样品进行变温拉曼测量, 在245 ℃时, 未发生结构相变; 在420 ℃时, 拉曼谱只有177.5,257.7,517 cm^-13个峰, 其结构由铁电相转变为立方顺电相, 因此高压合成的PbZr_0.52Ti_0.48O₃居里温度在420 ℃以下.      

纳米SiO2在高压高温下的结构转化

以纳米SiO₂粉体为原料, 在高压高温下研究其晶化过程. XRD和Raman谱表明, 纳米SiO₂在常压1 000~1 600 ℃条件下, 晶化成α-方石英和少量的鳞石英; 在2.0~3.5 GPa, 320~1 100 ℃条件下, 晶化成α-石英; 在3.9 GPa, 320~1 100 ℃条件下, 晶化成柯石英.      

Shock wave compression of poled Pb0.99[(Zr0.90Sn0.10)0.96Ti0.04]0.98Nb0.02O3 ceramics: Depoling currents in axial and normal modes

We used a 100-mm diameter gas gun to investigate the output currents due to the sudden depolarization of poled Pb 0.99 [(Zr 0.90 Sn 0.10) 0.96 Ti 0.04 ] 0.98 Nb 0.02 O 3 ceramics under shock wave compression.We conducted shock wave experiments for the normal/axial mode with the polarization vector perpendicular/antiparallel to the shock vector.The shock pressure was in the range of 0.23 to 4.50 GPa.We measured the depoling currents under short-circuit,high-impedance,and breakdown conditions.Under the short-circuit condition,the dependence of the released charge on the shock pressure demonstrates the evolution of the ferroelectric-to-antiferroelectric phase transition.The onset pressure of the phase transition is between 0.23 and 0.61 GPa,and phase transition occurs completely above 1.22 GPa.The increasing load resistance decreases the released charge and increases the released energy.The results indicate that Pb[(ZrSn)Ti]NbOceramic is a good candidate for a pulsed power generator.     

Structure properties for the superconductor MgCNi<Subscript>3</Subscript> under high pressure with synchrotron radiation

In situ high pressure energy dispersive X-ray diffraction measurements on cubic-perovskite superconductor MgCNi₃ under pressure up to 22 GPa have been performed by using diamond anvil cell with synchrotron radiation. We have investigated its crystal structure and compressibility. The results show that the structure of MgCNi₃ is stable under pressure up to 22 GPa. According to Birch-Murnaghan state equation, when we assume B ₀′ = 4, we get B₀ = 267.8 ± 7.2 GPa.     

SrCl2晶体高压结构转变的第一性原理计算

利用基于密度泛函的第一性原理, 计算SrCl2压致结构转变的压力. 结果表明： SrCl₂在2.1 GPa处发生第一个压致结构转变, 由萤石结构（空间群Fm3m）转变为正交结构（空间群Pnma）; 在65.7 GPa处发生第二个压致结构转变, 由正交结构转变为六角结构（空间群P6₃/mmc）; 两个压致结构转变均发生体积突变, 分别为4.7%和0.2%, 均属于一级相变.     

SmCoO3钙钛矿氧化物的高压高温合成及其物性

采用高压高温方法合成钙钛矿型SmCoO₃氧化物, 利用XRD,Raman,电导率和热膨胀测试对样品的结构及性能进行表征. 实验结果表明, 在2.75~4.20 GPa, 1 061 ℃附近, Co₂O₃和 Sm₂O₃发生固相反应形成SmCoO₃, 但反应不完全. 单相SmCoO₃较好的合成条件为3.90 GPa和1 061 ℃左右. 室温Raman谱观察到单相样品中只有SmCoO₃正交相的特征峰. SmCoO₃样品在327 ℃以下为绝缘体, 在327 ℃以上电导率随温度升高而增加. 热膨胀系数在100~800 ℃呈线性变化.      

含H2S天然气井溢流过程动态模拟

考虑H₂S在井筒中的相态变化,建立了含H₂S气井井筒动态溢流模型,同时采用有限差分法对模型进行求解,结合四川某含H₂S天然气井现场数据模拟含H₂S天然气井溢流过程,并将模拟结果与不含H₂S气井进行对比分析。研究结果表明：随着温度和压力的降低,H₂S在上部地层井段发生相变并直接引起气体体积的膨胀。含气率的突增使钻井液池增量迅速增加,且在相同的溢流时间内,关井时刻钻井液池增量增加更明显。含H₂S气井井筒内气体膨胀更迅速,导致环空压力下降更快,环空流型转化更加迅速。此外,井底压力下降更快,关井套压迅速增加,进一步加剧了溢流程度。因此,含H₂S气井井喷预警时间急剧缩短,井控难度和井喷危险大大增加。     

Fe3O4的高压电学性质

基于金刚石对顶砧（DAC）上的原位电阻率测量技术, 测量Fe₃O₄粉末在高压下的电阻率及磁阻率, 得到了样品电阻率随压力的变化关系. 当压力大于或小于6 GPa时, 电阻率随压力的增加均呈下降趋势, 但减小的速率不同; 当压力小于6 GPa时, 样品呈正的磁阻效应; [JP2]当压力大于6 GPa时, 样品呈负的磁阻效应.  结果表明Fe₃O₄的微观结构在6 GPa发生变化.     

压力下钒发生相变的第一性原理计算

利用投影缀加波方法对金属钒加压至400 GPa左右的结构相变过程进行了第一性原理研究. 计算了相变中的热力学转变压力和失稳转变压力, 并对相变前后的电子性质进行了研究. 结果表明: 钒在低压下为体心立方结构, 随着压力增大转变为菱方结构, 压力继续增大最后又重新转变为体心立方结构. 热力学计算得到的BCC→rhu(α>109.47°)→rhl(α<109.47°)→BCC三次转变压力分别为27,104和310 GPa. 利用剪切弹性常数C44计算得到的2次失稳压力分别为52和255 GPa. 能带计算表明, 在加压过程中高对称点Γ处靠近费米能级的能带由低压下的非电子占据态变为高压下的占据态, 而费米能级以上的电子态密度计算可见明显的s,p-d带间电子迁移现象.     

高压下AlN纳米带的Raman光谱特性

利用原位高压Raman技术, 在0~29.83 GPa内研究AlN纳米带的高压相变, 并计算各振动模式与压力间的关系及压力系数和Grüneisen常数. 结果表明: 当压力约为17.34 GPa时, 晶体由六角纤锌矿结构向立方岩盐矿结构转变, 在21.28 GPa时相变结束; 在相变过程中观察到岩盐矿结构AlN晶体的Raman散射信号, 确定岩盐矿结构AlN晶体的Raman散射信号来自岩盐矿结构的无序声子散射.     

Effect of sintering temperature on phase evolution of Al_(86)Ni_6Y_(4.5)Co_2La_(1.5) bulk amorphous composites synthesized via mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering

Al_(86)Ni_6Y_(4.5)Co_2La_(1.5) amorphous powders were synthesized by mechanical alloying for 200 h. Subsequent consolidation was performed via spark plasma sintering in the temperature range of 250 ℃ to 500 ℃ at the pressure of 500 MPa. The role of viscous flow on densification was investigated by studying the viscosity change of the amorphous phase at different consolidation temperatures. The decrease in viscosity at higher sintering temperatures resulted in better particle bonding and densification of consolidated samples. The formation of only FCC Al was observed in the consolidated samples at sintering temperatures ≤ 300 ℃ and the intermetallic phases formed at temperatures ≥ 400 ℃. The mechanical properties of the bulk samples were measured by Vickers microhardness and nanoindentation tests. The testing results showed that the average values of microhardness, nanohardness and elastic modulus of the sample consolidated at 500 ℃ were 3.06 ± 0.14 GPa,4.85 ± 1.14 GPa and 89.53 ± 9.25 GPa, respectively. The increase in hardness and elastic modulus of the higher temperature consolidated samples is attributed to the improvement in particle bonding, densification and distribution of various hard intermetallic phases in the amorphous matrix.     

Semiconducting non-molecular nitrogen up to 240 GPa and its low-pressure stability

The triple bond of diatomic nitrogen has among the greatest binding energies of any molecule. At low temperatures and pressures, nitrogen forms a molecular crystal in which these strong bonds co-exist with weak van der Waals interactions between molecules, producing an insulator with a large band gap. As the pressure is raised on molecular crystals, intermolecular interactions increase and the molecules eventually dissociate to form monoatomic metallic solids, as was first predicted for hydrogen. Theory predicts that, in a pressure range between 50 and 94 GPa, diatomic nitrogen can be transformed into a non-molecular framework or polymeric structure with potential use as a high-energy-density material. Here we show that the non-molecular phase of nitrogen is semiconducting up to at least 240 GPa, at which pressure the energy gap has decreased to 0.4 eV. At 300 K, this transition from insulating to semiconducting behaviour starts at a pressure of approximately 140 GPa, but shifts to much higher pressure with decreasing temperature. The transition also exhibits remarkably large hysteresis with an equilibrium transition estimated to be near 100 GPa. Moreover, we have succeeded in recovering the non-molecular phase of nitrogen at ambient pressure (at temperatures below 100 K), which could be of importance for practical use.     

高压下铌的强度和状态方程研究

室温下,以氦为传压介质的准静水压环境中加压到41GPa,在两柱全景金刚石对顶砧中加压到70GPa,研究了铌在高压下的强度和状态方程.准静水压下,X射线衍射数据拟合得到的体弹模量和其一阶导数分别为166(2)GPa和3.2(2).铌的差应力与剪切模量的比值(t/G)在超过6GPa后几乎为常数,表明由于塑性形变而发生屈服.结合高压下的剪切模量,发现铌在6GPa时由于塑性形变而发生宏观屈服时受到的差应力约为1.26GPa.差应力从2到6GPa可以表示为t=-0.557(94)+0.306(21)p,其中p是压力,单位是GPa.差应力在30GPa后再次增大,表明铌开始出现强化现象,此时对应的差应力约为1.67GPa.在70GPa时,铌受到的差应力最大,且约为3.96GPa.     

La0.7Ca0.3Mn1-xCuxO3的电输运特性

通过固相反应法制备不同掺杂浓度的La_0.7Ca_0.3Mn_1-xCu_xO₃（x=0~0.15）样品, 在77~300 K温度范围内测量了铜掺杂后样品电阻随温度的变化关系. 结果表明, 在未引入铜杂质时, 低温铁磁相的电阻率满足T^2.5关系, 顺磁相符合小极化子近邻跳跃模型; 在低掺杂下, 铁磁区可用T^4.5关系解释; 随着掺杂浓度的增加, 在铁磁区和顺磁区, 任何单一模型均与实验不相符, 表明高掺杂样品的电输运性质存在未知模型.      

Transitions of amorphouscrystalline-amorphous in bulk metallic glass under HP and HT

In-situ SR-XRD measurements revealed that the crystallization process in Zr₄₁.2Ti₁₃.8Cu_12.5Ni₁₀Be_22.5 bulk metallic glass is significantly different from that in traditional glasses. Subsequent heating at 10 GPa converts the sample from amorphous phase into the metastable fcc phase and then leads to the fcc phase back to the amorphous phase, indicating that there exists ‘reversible’ phase transition phenomena in the material under high pressure and high temperature.     

Effect of Mg content on the structural and optical properties of Mg<Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript>Zn<Subscript>1−<Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript>O alloys

Mgx Zn1–x O thin films with x = 0, 0.11, 0.28, 0.44, 0.51, and 0.65 were grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy on (0001) sapphire substrates. X-ray diffraction measurement reveals that phase separation of the Mgx Zn1–x O films occurred at x =0.44 and 0.51. Optical absorption spectra show that the absorption edges of the films shift to high-energy side with increasing Mg contents. In resonant Raman spectra, multiple-order Raman peaks originating from ZnO-like longitudinal optical phonons were obser...     

Structure and multiferroic properties of Y-doped BiFeO3 ceramics

Bismuth ferrite, BiFeO₃, is an important multiferroic material, which simultaneously exhibits ferroelectric ordering and antifer-romagnetic ordering in bulk form. Samples of Bi_1-xY_xFeO₃ (x=0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15 and 0.20) were prepared by conventional solid state reaction. By X-ray diffraction and Raman scattering spectra, the crystal structures of the samples were identified as rhombo-hedral with R3c space group, in addition to a second phase at x≥0.05. Multiferroic properties of the samples were also measured. With the increasing of Y content, the relative dielectric constants of the samples increased gradually, while the loss tangents firstly decreased and then began to increase. Meanwhile, the saturation magnetization values were significantly enhanced, namely 0.1440, 0.7468, 1.9217, 3.3309 and 6.2774 emu/g at 300 K for x=0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15 and 0.20, respectively.     

高压下石墨超硬相的电阻率测量

采用高压下精确的原位电阻率测量技术,利用高浓度硼掺杂的金刚石薄膜制备微电路,在0～34 GPa测量石墨的电阻率随压力的变化规律.结果表明:在第一和第二个压力循环中,石墨超硬相电阻率不连续变化,分别出现在15.1 GPa和17.9 GPa;相存在的最低压力为8 GPa.