FCM在飞机动态使用评价中的应用

提出了一种在数据预处理后利用模糊C-均值法进行飞机动态使用评价的聚类分析方法,论述了该方法的聚类过程,给出了实例并对其结果进行了分析,结果表明该方法科学合理,切合实际。     

Bcl-2 maintains B cell memory

The number of lymphocytes in an animal is remarkably constant despite antigen-driven proliferation and a high rate of B-cell lymphopoiesis. This reflects the relatively brief lifespan of many newly generated B cells and argues for a well-regulated death mechanism. Even so, a secondary immune response can be generated years after a primary exposure to antigen. Antigen that might restimulate B cells persists for extended periods on follicular dendritic cells in the light zone of germinal centres. Antigen-binding B cells have also been found months after the end of obvious cell division. The precise signal that enables certain B cells to emerge as long-term surviving memory cells is unknown. Bcl-2, an inner mitochondrial membrane protein, blocks programmed cell death in B cells. We report here that this proto-oncogene maintains immune responsiveness. Transgenic mice overproducing Bcl-2 have a long-term persistence of immunoglobulin-secreting cells and an extended lifetime for memory B cells.     

贵州岩溶山区土壤含水量时空分布与植物生长关系研究

本文研究喀斯特山区不同厚度土壤含水量在雨后和雨后数日的垂向分布特征、不同厚度土壤对应植物叶片的含水量以及其内在联系。结果表明在喀斯特石漠化山区的同一山体中,不同厚度土壤的同一深度的土壤含水量雨后远大于雨后连续数日的含水量;雨后不同厚度土壤的含水量垂向分布从地表向下呈递减趋势,而雨后数日则呈递增趋势;相对应的山区植物（花椒）叶片含水量也与降雨有很大关系,其叶片含水量与表层土壤含水量没有明显的关系,但与土壤的厚度呈正相关。对喀斯特山区石漠化治理有着重要的意义。     

游泳--一项全面提高国民素质的运动

游泳运动具有很强的健身性和健美性,同时还能锻炼人的意志品质,是一项能全面提高人的素质的运动.本文通过分析游泳运动的特点和作用指出:为了全面提高国民素质,大力推广和普及游泳运动具有极其重要的意义.     

“返关”前后东莞对策初探

我国“返关”的脚步声越来越近,这将对我国的经济产生深远的影响。对于以外向型经济占主要地位的东莞来说,要充分重视这一事件并及早应变。本文对“返关”前后东莞经济的对策进行了初步探讨,认为应当通过创造有国际水平的投资环境,吸纳国际资金,拓展国际市场,按照国际惯例办事,生产有国际水平的产品,提高整个东莞经济国际化的程度,以便从容地适应“返关”后经济发展的新势态。     

5083铝合金铸锭均匀化退火的组织与性能

摘要：为研究5083铝合金均匀化退火后的组织及力学性能,利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、万能力学实验机,分析了5083铝合金铸锭不同均匀化退火工艺后组织演变与力学性能变化。结果表明：随均匀化退火温度的提高,铸锭枝晶卢相大部分溶解,剩余卢相有球化的趋势。常温力学性能测试表明,均匀化退火后,拉伸强度明显提高,延伸率下降,显示脆性断裂;高温瞬时拉伸表明,均匀化退火降低了铸锭的拉伸强度,显示解理断裂。     

未反应PBXC10炸药冲击Hugoniot关系的实验研究

为了获得标定未反应PBXC10炸药(Jones-Wilkins-Lee)JWL状态方程参数的基础数据,提出了一种获得未反应炸药冲击Hugoniot关系的方法,即基于冲击起爆实验测得的PBXC10炸药中不同拉格朗日位置的压力历史,假设冲击波前沿炸药未发生化学反应,并利用冲击波阵面前后的动量守恒关系,获得未反应PBXC10炸药的冲击Hugoniot关系. 将该冲击Hugoniot关系外推到爆速,得到PBXC10炸药的冯诺依曼峰值压力,发现该峰值压力与PBXC10炸药的CJ (Chapman-Jouguet) 压力之比在合理范围内.     

基于WSN的受限空间逃生路径搜索算法

针对地下矿井、隧道等受限环境事故后受困人员营救或逃生困难的问题,通过构建基于混合信道模型的无线传感器网络,提出可信锚节点选择算法,实现在事故后稀疏锚节点环境下的无线传感器网络节点精确位置估计,并在此基础上实现最优的逃生救援路径生成及实时导航。仿真结果表明,算法在稀疏锚节点场景下,相比较于已有研究具有更高的节点定位精度,并且能够在动态障碍物识别的基础上准确进行救援或逃生路径的搜索。     

Response of water budget to recent climatic changes in the source region of the Yellow River

Discharge in the source region of the Yellow River significantly declined after 1990.China Meteorological Administration(CMA) data show that precipitation in this region was low in the 1990s but returned to above normal after 2002;in recent decades there has been rapid warming of surface air,moistening and wind speed decrease.To investigate the influences of recent climatic changes on the water budget,this study simulates the surface water budget at CMA stations within and surrounding the source region during 1960-2006,using an improved land surface model.Results indicate that the spatial pattern of precipitation change is an important factor(except for precipitation amount and intensity) in determining the response of runoff to precipitation changes.Low runoff in the 1990s was consistent with precipitation amount and intensity.The recovery of precipitation after 2002 is mainly from increased precipitation in the dry area of the source region.Evaporation was mainly limited by water availability in this dry area,and thus most of the precipitation increase was evaporated.By contrast,energy availability was a more important influence on evaporation in the wet area.There was more evaporation in the wet area because of rapid warming,although precipitation amount partly decreased and partly increased,contributing to the reduction of runoff after 2002.This control on evaporation and its response,together with the modified spatial pattern of precipitation,produced a water budget unfavorable for runoff generation in the source region during recent years.     

京杭运河聊城—德州段复航货运量预测研究

京杭运河黄河以北段的复航能够带动南北区域经济的联结,对于产业结构的调整和优化起到重要的作用。依托此背景,根据区域货运结构特征,以2025—2039年作为预测区间年,利用生产曲线和分摊率模型对复航后聊城—德州段可能产生的诱发运量进行测算。结果发现,在诱增运量上,航道复航后,年均货运增长率为15.9%,而在货运转移上,运河能承担区域18.20%的货运量,并且至2039年,两个城市间的航道货运转移量预估达到78 378万吨。     

基于直流分量和低频分量的DCT域数字水印嵌入算法

提出了两种数字水印嵌入算法．一是对原始图像作整体DCT变换后在低频分量上嵌入水印，水印是一符合标准正态分布的随机序列；二是利用人类视觉掩蔽特性，对原始图像作分块DCT变换后选取直流分量嵌入水印，水印是一个在视觉上具有直观意义的数字图像，并采用图像置乱的方法增强水印的安全性．实验结果表明提出的两种水印算法均具有较好的不可见性，且能够成功地抵抗JPEG有损压缩、缩放、中值滤波、加噪、剪切等常见的图像处理操作，具有较强的鲁棒性．     

Inclusion body formation reduces levels of mutant huntingtin and the risk of neuronal death

Huntington's disease is caused by an abnormal polyglutamine expansion within the protein huntingtin and is characterized by microscopic inclusion bodies of aggregated huntingtin and by the death of selected types of neuron. Whether inclusion bodies are pathogenic, incidental or a beneficial coping response is controversial. To resolve this issue we have developed an automated microscope that returns to precisely the same neuron after arbitrary intervals, even after cells have been removed from the microscope stage. Here we show, by survival analysis, that neurons die in a time-independent fashion but one that is dependent on mutant huntingtin dose and polyglutamine expansion; many neurons die without forming an inclusion body. Rather, the amount of diffuse intracellular huntingtin predicts whether and when inclusion body formation or death will occur. Surprisingly, inclusion body formation predicts improved survival and leads to decreased levels of mutant huntingtin elsewhere in a neuron. Thus, inclusion body formation can function as a coping response to toxic mutant huntingtin.     

不同血清型禽霍乱巴氏杆菌免疫的研究Ⅱ.免疫制剂的制备与检验

在试验研究基础上 ,应用发育鸡胚培养的禽多杀性巴氏杆菌 ,制备相应的灭活免疫原 ,加入油乳剂免疫增强剂 ,制备了相应的免疫制剂。通过对鸡做免疫接种后的感染保护试验 ,初步表明具有较好的免疫保护效果 ,从而为控制禽霍乱的发生与流行 ,提供了一种新型的免疫预防制剂     

Cooling of the Earth and core formation after the giant impact

Kelvin calculated the age of the Earth to be about 24 million years by assuming conductive cooling from being fully molten to its current state. Although simplistic, his result is interesting in the context of the dramatic cooling that took place after the putative Moon-forming giant impact, which contributed the final approximately 10 per cent of the Earth's mass. The rate of accretion and core segregation on Earth as deduced from the U-Pb system is much slower than that obtained from Hf-W systematics, and implies substantial accretion after the Moon-forming impact, which occurred 45 +/- 5 Myr after the beginning of the Solar System. Here we propose an explanation for the two timescales. We suggest that the Hf-W timescale reflects the principal phase of core-formation before the giant impact. Crystallization of silicate perovskite in the lower mantle during this phase produced Fe(3+), which was released during the giant impact, and this oxidation resulted in late segregation of sulphur-rich metal into which Pb dissolved readily, setting the younger U-Pb age of the Earth. Separation of the latter metal then occurred 30 +/- 10 Myr after the Moon-forming impact. Over this time span, in surprising agreement with Kelvin's result, the Earth cooled by about 4,000 K in returning from a fully molten to a partially crystalline state.     

Neuronal correlate of pictorial short-term memory in the primate temporal cortex

It has been proposed that visual-memory traces are located in the temporal lobes of the cerebral cortex, as electric stimulation of this area in humans results in recall of imagery. Lesions in this area also affect recognition of an object after a delay in both humans and monkeys, indicating a role in short-term memory of images. Single-unit recordings from the temporal cortex have shown that some neurons continue to fire when one of two or four colours are to be remembered temporarily. But neuronal responses selective to specific complex objects, including hands and faces, cease soon after the offset of stimulus presentation. These results led to the question of whether any of these neurons could serve the memory of complex objects. We report here a group of shape-selective neurons in an anterior ventral part of the temporal cortex of monkeys that exhibited sustained activity during the delay period of a visual short-term memory task. The activity was highly selective for the pictorial information to be memorized and was independent of the physical attributes such as size, orientation, colour or position of the object. These observations show that the delay activity represents the short-term memory of the categorized percept of a picture.     

Screening inhibitors of anthrax lethal factor

The disease anthrax is caused by lethal factor, an enzyme component of the toxin produced by the spore-forming bacterium Bacillus anthracis. Here we describe substrate molecules for this factor that offer a means for high-throughput screening of potential inhibitors for use in anthrax treatment. Our assay should help to answer the urgent call for new and specific therapies to combat this pathogen after its recent emergence as a terrorist bioweapon.     

Sarcolemma-localized nNOS is required to maintain activity after mild exercise

Many neuromuscular conditions are characterized by an exaggerated exercise-induced fatigue response that is disproportionate to activity level. This fatigue is not necessarily correlated with greater central or peripheral fatigue in patients, and some patients experience severe fatigue without any demonstrable somatic disease. Except in myopathies that are due to specific metabolic defects, the mechanism underlying this type of fatigue remains unknown. With no treatment available, this form of inactivity is a major determinant of disability. Here we show, using mouse models, that this exaggerated fatigue response is distinct from a loss in specific force production by muscle, and that sarcolemma-localized signalling by neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in skeletal muscle is required to maintain activity after mild exercise. We show that nNOS-null mice do not have muscle pathology and have no loss of muscle-specific force after exercise but do display this exaggerated fatigue response to mild exercise. In mouse models of nNOS mislocalization from the sarcolemma, prolonged inactivity was only relieved by pharmacologically enhancing the cGMP signal that results from muscle nNOS activation during the nitric oxide signalling response to mild exercise. Our findings suggest that the mechanism underlying the exaggerated fatigue response to mild exercise is a lack of contraction-induced signalling from sarcolemma-localized nNOS, which decreases cGMP-mediated vasomodulation in the vessels that supply active muscle after mild exercise. Sarcolemmal nNOS staining was decreased in patient biopsies from a large number of distinct myopathies, suggesting a common mechanism of fatigue. Our results suggest that patients with an exaggerated fatigue response to mild exercise would show clinical improvement in response to treatment strategies aimed at improving exercise-induced signalling.     

小波域分形压缩方法的改进

为消除空间域分形压缩算法在图像恢复后的块效应，讨论了对图像经过小波分解后，根据小波域的子带相似性进行分形压缩的算法及其实现和改进，实验结果表明小波域分形压缩算法较好的消除了块效应。     

组合桥面板U肋对接焊缝疲劳破坏及修复方法试验

为了研究弯折U形肋组合桥面板的疲劳性能以及疲劳开裂后的修补方法,对一个带连续弯折U形肋的组合桥面板试件进行了前后两次疲劳试验研究.首先对初始采用无衬垫对接焊缝的试件进行疲劳加载直到焊缝开裂;然后在开裂处采用带衬垫的对接焊缝加固,再次进行疲劳加载直到破坏.研究了组合桥面板疲劳破坏形态、开裂处疲劳强度评定、疲劳裂缝修复方法及修复后的疲劳性能.试验结果表明:在反复荷载作用下无衬垫单面焊的对接焊缝是正交异性组合桥面板的薄弱处,首先发生疲劳裂纹,采用带衬垫的熔透对接焊缝对开裂处进行修补,能起到较好的补强效果.     

波动方程基准面在深层勘探中的应用

考虑到在波场延拓算子的成像效果 ,其运算效率及对复杂地表的适应情况或处理措施下 ,利用波场延拓算子将基准面下移 ,以提高深层复杂地质体的偏移成像效果 .在集成基准面技术和叠前深度偏移基础之上 ,提出了一种不受地表不规则程度和速度函数变化限制的基准面向下延拓方法 .实践证明 ,该方法用于深层复杂地质体的勘探时 ,可以使偏移成像得到更好的效果 ,其运算速度与叠前深度偏移的运算速度相当