基于小波熵的网络成瘾脑电复杂性分析

通过考察青少年网络成瘾患者的脑电复杂性参数即小波熵及其脑电信息图,分析网络成瘾患者与正常人的差异,试图揭示网络成瘾对患者大脑产生的影响,并为网络成瘾综合症的诊断提供依据．分别采集9名网络成瘾者（实验组）和9名正常受试者（对照组）在上网前后的自发脑电,然后对其进行小波熵及其脑电信息图分析．结果发现网络成瘾患者上网前的自发脑电的小波熵值明显低于正常组上网前的自发脑电小波熵值（P〈0．05）,但上网40min后,其脑电小波熵值明显升高（P〈0．05）,此时与正常组无显著性差异;而正常组受试者上网前后的脑电小波熵值没有显著性的差异（P〉0．05）．此结果证实了网络成瘾患者在上网前,其脑电复杂性较低,大脑活动水平较低,而通过网络可以唤起其大脑的活动,因此小波熵值可以作为网络成瘾综合症诊断的客观指标之一．     

不同思维模式下的脑电奇异谱分析

人脑是极为复杂的系统,脑电(EEG)是脑内大量神经元电活动合作与竞争的综合反映,由局部和非局部频率分量构成,这些局部分量与特殊的内在神经网络状态紧密相关,在宏观上反映了脑的机能状态.脑电信号的非线性分析是近年出现的一种脑电分析方法,它反映了大脑处理信息活动的有序程度,为研究大脑高级认知活动提供了新的思路.越来越多的研究表明,传统的非线性动力学方法采用单一的参数不能充份描述脑电信号的复杂行为,多重分形用一个谱函数从不同层次描述了分形体的整体生长特征,采用多重分形方法描述系统的非线性动力学行为能够得到更多的信息.本文对不同思维模式下脑电的多重分形特性进行分析,发现EEG的奇异谱在不同的思维状态下具有差异.进一步对这种差异进行统计分析表明大脑思维的EEG多重分形特性受到人脑的思维方式的影响,EEG多重分形奇异谱强度分布反映了大脑思维模式的差异.     

睡眠剥夺对脑认知和脑电复杂性的影响

为研究睡眠对大脑功能的影响，考察了正常睡眠与睡眠剥夺情况下脑认知能力的变化，分析了两种状态下自发脑电和事件相关电位复杂性的差异．通过事件相关电位P300的潜伏期与幅度反映不同状态下的脑认知能力，采用小波熵方法分析其复杂性．实验采用数字脑电图仪记录19导脑电信号，用OB序列诱发视觉事件相关电位．结果发现，睡眠剥夺组的靶刺激反应时间明显增长，而P300幅度显著降低、潜伏期明显增加；小波熵分析结果表明，与正常睡眠组比较，睡眠剥夺组自发脑电的256点小波熵和事件相关电位的32点小波熵均值都显著降低．故得出结论：睡眠剥夺对人的认知和脑电复杂性均产生了负向影响．因此，睡眠对维持大脑的功能具有重要作用．     

基于脑电节律的小波熵分析方法

 针对现有小波熵方法的影响因素分析不明确,影响认知特性的分析结果和可比性,本文确定了分解层数和P_n（第n个子空间信号能量与信号总能量之比）的选择和计算原则,在此基础上结合脑电节律特性,提出了一种基于节律特征的脑电小波熵分析方法,以构成节律信号的所有子空间为单元,统计所有子空间的能量和作为该节律的能量,经过计算得到脑电节律小波熵。基于该方法提取的脑电小波熵值描述了脑电节律信号的分布情况,同时结合小波熵值与脑电节律的联系,分析了小波熵值变化的原因,可追溯到脑电节律信号的变化规律,进而分析相应的认知特性,初步建立了脑电信号-脑电节律-脑电节律小波熵-认知特性的联系。     

思维脑电信号的近似熵分析

计算了5种不同思维作业时脑电信号的近似熵.计算结果表明,当进行不同思维作业时脑电数据的近似熵存在着较大的差异.这提示可以利用近似熵作为思维脑电信号的特征实现对思维作业的分类.对于不同的受试者,即使是同一种思维作业、同一个电极上脑电数据的近似熵也存在着较大的差异.这提示在利用近似熵作为思维脑电信号的特征对心理作业进行分类时应当充分考虑不同受试者的个体差异.     

基于脑电反馈的难治性癫痫病人的近似熵分析

为解决目前对脑电生物反馈疗效的评价多局限于患者症状改善的问题,该文从神经电生理角度出发,将近似熵引入癫痫的反馈治疗效果评价中。以6个难治性癫痫患者为研究对象,强化患者12~15 Hz的感觉运动节律波,抑制4~8Hz的θ波。一定疗程后,6病例的癫痫症状均有明显改善,16导联脑电(electroencephalogram,EEG)近似熵也有不同程度的增加,尤其以训练点C4附近同侧导联脑电信号的近似熵增加更加显著,说明脑电反馈治疗有助于皮层神经元群体电生理活动向更加混沌的状态转化,从而改善癫痫病态症状。实验结果表明,近似熵能够表征大脑生理状态的改变,可用于脑电生物反馈疗效的评价。     

基于脑电反馈的难治性癫痫病人的近似熵分析

为解决目前对脑电生物反馈疗效的评价多局限于患者症状改善的问题,该文从神经电生理角度出发,将近似熵引入癫痫的反馈治疗效果评价中。以6个难治性癫痫患者为研究对象,强化患者12~15 Hz的感觉运动节律波,抑制4~8 Hz的θ波。一定疗程后,6病例的癫痫症状均有明显改善,16导联脑电(electroencephalogram,EEG)近似熵也有不同程度的增加,尤其以训练点C4附近同侧导联脑电信号的近似熵增加更加显著,说明脑电反馈治疗有助于皮层神经元群体电生理活动向更加混沌的状态转化,从而改善癫痫病态症状。实验结果表明,近似熵能够表征大脑生理状态的改变,可用于脑电生物反馈疗效的评价。     

诱发脑电信号执行控制力特征识别研究

斯特普(Stroop)干扰试验常被用于执行控制力研究中,结合脑电在认知能力领域中的应用,采用数字Stroop干扰试验来诱发脑电信号,通过以样本熵为参数试验条件下脑电信号复杂度分析,观察脑电复杂度变化规律,建立执行控制力脑电特征识别方法.随机选取35名大学生进行数字Stroop干扰试验,同时采集被试的脑电信号,对脑电复杂度分析发现:试验过程中被试脑电样本熵值先降低后上升,最后回到正常水平;Stroop干扰试验下测评分数越高的被试,其样本熵的降低幅度越小.相关性统计分析得到,样本熵变化值与执行控制力相关系数为-0.699,呈显著负相关.研究表明基于Stroop干扰试验下脑电信号复杂度能够反应被试的执行控制力.     

人脑聆听轻音乐和静息状态下的EEG临界动力学特性

已有研究发现人静息态时大脑皮层活动处于近临界状态,且具有优化的信息传输效率.然而大脑在感觉刺激状态下脑电临界动力学特征少有研究.此外,轻音乐被报道对于抑郁症、精神分裂症及术后损伤均具有较好的辅助治疗作用.本文应用临界动力学理论,研究了轻音乐刺激状态时大脑皮层脑电临界动力学特性.我们记录了26名被试在闭眼、睁眼及闭眼听音乐状态的脑电信号,对3种状态进行了频率特性和临界动力学特征分析.结果显示人在睁眼状态,全脑脑电信号活动率显著高于闭眼和听音乐状态.相对于闭眼的临界状态,音乐状态和睁眼状态分别趋向于次临界和超临界的状态,即趋向于系统的低耗能态和高耗能态.说明轻优美的音乐可以帮助大脑进入更好的休息状态,没有大尺度的活动发生,这为音乐治疗提供了有价值的实验依据.     

基于脑电功能连接微状态序列递归分析的情绪解码模型

脑电微状态代表准稳定的全局神经元活动，被认为是大脑动力学的构建模块，而基于微状态概率统计的特征不能很好表征脑电的动态变化特性。针对该问题提出了基于脑电微状态序列递归分析的情绪解码模型。该模型通过聚类从脑电功能连接模式中提取出具有代表性的微状态典型模式，将原始脑电信号映射为微状态时间序列，构建递归图表征脑电动力学特性，并利用卷积神经网络对递归图实现情绪解码。在公开的脑电情绪数据集(DEAP)上的实验结果表明该模型实现了比传统微状态方法更好的情绪解码效果。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has