小晶粒多晶薄膜CuInSe2基太阳能电池平衡态的类非晶态特？…

沿用ａ－Ｓｉ：Ｈ中类施主Ｕｒｂａｃｈ带尾态描述小晶粒多晶薄膜ｐ－ＣｕＩｎＳｅ２禁带内连续分布局域态,揭示ｐ－ＣｕＩｎＳｅ２／ｎ－ＣｄＳ异质结太阳能电池热平衡态性质,讨论类施主Ｕｒｂａｃｈ带尾态参量Ｇｄｏ,Ｅｄ对异质结热平衡性质的,指出这种类非晶态特性分析方法将为进一步研究小晶粒多晶薄膜器件提供新途径。     

小晶粒多晶薄膜CuInSe_2基太阳能电池平衡态的类非晶态特性分析

沿用ａＳｉ：Ｈ中类施主Ｕｒｂａｃｈ带尾态描述小晶粒多晶薄膜ｐＣｕＩｎＳｅ２禁带内连续分布局域态,揭示ｐＣｕＩｎＳｅ２／ｎＣｄＳ异质结太阳能电池热平衡态性质,讨论类施主Ｕｒｂａｃｈ带尾态参量Ｇｄｏ,Ｅｄ对异质结热平衡性质的影响,指出这种类非晶态特性分析方法将为进一步研究小晶粒多晶薄膜器件提供新途径．     

a—Si：H p—i—n型太阳能电池中的载流子俘获效应：a—Si：H太阳能电…

本文基于我们的实验结果，应用Ｓｃｈａｒｆｅｔｔｅｒ－Ｇｕｍｍｅｌ解法数值求解Ｐｏｉｓｓｏｎ方程，对经高强度光辐照过的ａ－Ｓｉ：Ｈ ｐ－ｉ－ｎ型太阳能电池进行计算机数值分析。结果表明，随着光辐照发生的载流子俘获所造成的ａ－Ｓｉ：Ｈ中空间电荷净增加或减少都会使电池内部电场分布产生变化和准中性区（低场“死层”）的出现。这是ａ－Ｓｉ：Ｈ ｐ－ｉ－ｎ型太阳能电池光致性能衰退的重要原因。于是，一条提高ａ－Ｓｉ     

a－Si：Hp－i－n型太阳能电池中的载流子俘获效应──a－Si：H太阳能电池稳定性研究

本文基于我们的实验结果，应用Ｓｃｈａｒｆｅｔｔｅｒ－Ｇｕｍｍｅｌ解法数值求解Ｐｏｉｓｓｏｎ方程，对经高强度光辐照过的ａ－Ｓｉ：ＨＰ－ｉ－ｎ型太阳能电池进行计算机数值分析。结果表明，随着光辐照发生的载流子俘获所造成的ａ－Ｓｉ：Ｈ中空间电荷净增加或减少都会使电池内部电场分布产生变化和准中性区（低场“死层”）的出现。这是ａ－Ｓｉ：Ｈｐ－ｉ－ｎ型太阳能电池光致性能衰退的重要原因。于是，一条提高ａ－Ｓｉ：Ｈ太阳能电池稳定性的新途径有可能被提出。     

有源层厚度对非晶硅薄膜晶体管特性的影响

研究了有源层ａ－Ｓｉ：Ｈ的厚度对ａ－Ｓｉ；ＨＴＦＴ特性的影响，研究结果表明，ａ－Ｓｉ：Ｈ层的厚度对ａ－Ｓｉ；ＨＴＦＴ的静态特性，（如开／关态电流比，阈值电压等）有较大的影响，理论分析表明，这是由于钝化怪固体电荷的有源层背面引入了背面空间电荷层造成的，详细分析了背面空间电荷怪的ａ－Ｓｉ：ＨＴＦＴ特性的影响，提出了一个ａ－Ｓｉ：ＨＴＦＴ有源层厚度优化设计的下限值，理论与实验相符合。     

准分子激光诱导下a—Si：H膜的电导率异常

用ＸｅＣｌ准分子激光器对ａ－Ｓｉ：Ｈ薄膜进行了低能量密度下的辐照处理,测量了激光辐照区内薄膜的电导率随能量密度与脉冲数的变化。研究表明,能量密度在７５ｍＪ／ｃｍ＾２附近的激光辐照可导致膜的电导率大幅度升高,这种电导率异常是膜表层形成了ｎｍＳｉ晶粒分散于ａ－Ｓｉ：Ｈ基底中的混合相的反映。     

a—Si／c—Si异质结太阳能电池制造中的技术分析

应用数值模拟方法计算ｐ（ａ－Ｓｉ：Ｈ）／ｎ（ｃ－Ｓｉ）异质结和ｐ（ａ－Ｓｉ：Ｈ）／ｉ（ａ－Ｓｉ：Ｈ）／ｎ（ｃ－Ｓｉ）结－异质结太阳能电池的电场强度分布，指出异质结电池制造中对ａ－Ｓｉ：Ｈ膜厚的选择，进而对嵌入本征ｉ（ａ－Ｓｉ：Ｈ）层的结－异质结太阳能电池设计进行分析并讨论其稳定性     

准分子激光诱导下 a-Si : H 膜的电导率异常

用ＸｅＣｌ准分子激光器对ａ－Ｓｉ∶Ｈ薄膜进行了低能量密度下的辐照处理,测量了激光辐照区内薄膜的电导率随能量密度与脉冲数的变化．研究表明,能量密度在７５ｍＪ／ｃｍ２附近的激光辐照可导致膜的电导率大幅度升高,这种电导率异常是膜表层形成了ｎｍＳｉ晶粒分散于ａ－Ｓｉ∶Ｈ基底中的混合相的反映．     

a—Si：HSchottky势垒太阳能电池结构中载流子俘获对电场的调制效应

本应用计算机数值模拟方法研究了ａ－Ｓｉ：ＨＳｃｈｏｔｔｋｙ势垒太阳能电池结构中载流子俘获对电场的调制效应，结果表明，无论光生空穴或电子俘获都将改变电池中的电场分布，导致准中出现或扩大，从而减小了电池的载流子收集长度，这是引起ａ－Ｓｉ：ＨＳｃｈｏｔｔｋｙ势垒太阳能电池光致性能衰退的一个重要原因。     

1，1′─［四甲基二硅撑］双（环戊二烯基三羰基钨配合物）的合成及反应

１，２－二环戊二烯基四甲基二硅烷与丁基锂作用生成［四甲基二硅撑］双（环戊二烯基负离子盐），后者随即与六羰基钨反应形成１，１－［四甲基二硅撑］双［环戊二烯基三羰基钨负离子盐］，（Ｍｅ２ＳｉＳｉＭｅ２）·［Ｃｐ′（ＣＯ）３Ｗ－］２·２Ｌｉ＋（Ｉ）．（Ｉ）分别与六种卤化物反应，生成在钨原子上引入取代基的产物：（Ｍｅ２ＳｉＳｉＭｅ２）．［Ｃｐ′Ｗ（ＣＯ）３Ｒ］２，（Ｒ：Ｍｅ，Ｃ２Ｈ５，２；ＰｈＣＨ２，３；ＣＨ２ＣＯＯＣ２Ｈ５，４；ＣＨ３ＣＯ，５；Ｐ３ｈＳｎ，６）．（Ｉ）用醋酸处理后，随即分别与ＣＣｌ４，ＮＢＳ及Ｉ２作用，生成相应的钨卤化物，（Ｍｅ２ＳｉＳｉＭｅ２）［Ｃｐ′Ｗ（ＣＯ）３Ｘ］２，（Ｘ：Ｃ１，８；Ｂｒ，９；Ｉ，１０），（Ｉ）与Ｆｅ３＋／Ｈ３Ｏ＋作用发生氧化偶联，生成双核Ｗ－Ｗ键产物（Ｍｅ２ＳｉＳｉＭｅ２）［Ｃｐ′Ｗ（ＣＯ）３］２，１１．（Ｃｐ′＝Ｃ５Ｈ４）     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.