酸化硫化矿尾矿中锌、砷细菌溶出的影响因素

针对铅锌尾矿产生的重金属污染来源问题,以青海某铅锌尾矿和氧化亚铁硫杆菌为研究对象,采用静态模拟试验研究了细菌浸出体系极端酸化硫化矿尾矿中锌、砷溶出的不同环境影响因素,分析不同时期重金属释放规律及释放的主要原因,以期为铅锌尾矿的重金属污染防控提供理论依据.结果表明,Zn的溶出量与溶液初始pH的关系为pH2.0pH3.5pH4.5,呈负相关.矿物浓度越大,单位质量矿物接触氧含量越少,Zn,As溶出越少;与不加亚硫酸钠体系相比,重金属释放规律明显不同,亚硫酸钠的添加会提高溶液pH值,抑制Zn,As溶出.Zn,As溶出均表现为两个阶段,前期以酸解、氧化还原作用为主,后期由于吸附、共沉淀作用及生成的新物质CaSO_4晶体和钙磷石覆盖在矿物表面使溶出量减少.原电池效应和Zn对酸性条件更敏感是溶出量Zn大于As,Zn优先于As溶出的主要原因.     

尾矿库废水酸化与重金属污染规律研究

通过分析某黄铁铅锌矿尾矿库14年的废水监测数据，研究了高酸、高碱环境对尾矿硫化物重金属溶出的影响，绘制了尾矿库废水pH值与重金属离子浓度的关系曲线，建立了pH值与重金属污染的数学模型，揭示了废水酸化与重金属污染的内在机制，提出了密闭覆盖尾矿库以隔绝硫化物与H2O、O2反应产生及在尾矿浆中添加碱性物质以中和[H^ ]、切断重金属离子溶出反应链等根治尾矿库废水酸化与重金属污染的控制技术。     

同位镀锑膜示差脉冲溶出伏安法测定水中痕量铅

本文研究示差脉冲伏安分析法测定溶液中痕量重金属铅离子。以同位镀锑膜电极作为工作电极,0.5mol/L KCl溶液作为支持电解质,铅离子的溶出峰在-0.47 V,富积时间为110 s,在(0~80)μg/L浓度范围内峰电流与铅离子浓度呈线性关系,对于溶液中铅离子的检测限达到0.06μg/L。同位镀锑电极具有廉价、低毒性、高灵敏和稳定性好的特点,可以用于环境水样中重金属离子的实时分析检测。     

电位溶出法测定污泥中的痕量铅和镉

在HAc-NaAc缓冲溶液（pH值5.0）中，铅、镉离子分别于-0.47V(vs.SCE）和-0.67V(vs.SCE)可得到灵敏的电位溶出峰，峰高与溶液中铅、镉离子的浓度（0-20μg/L）呈线性关系，线性回归方程分别为dt/dE=2.4823c^2 Pb—0.0937(r=0.9992)；dt/dE=1.872C^2 Cd＋0.1299(r=0.9990)。检出限分别为0.08μg/L和0.06μg/L。该方法用于测定实际污泥样品中痕量铅和镉的含量，结果与石墨炉原子吸收法测定的结果基本吻合。利用电位溶出法测定污泥中痕量重金属，具有灵敏度高，准确度好，仪器简单，担任简便等特点。     

从含硫浸出渣中回收元素硫的研究

本文对硫化锌矿在酸性氯化物溶液中氧化浸出产生的残渣进行了提硫研究。结果表明,使用硫化铵溶液从这种残渣中回收元素硫不仅技术可行、流程畅通,而且各项工艺指标较好。在试验研究条件下,硫化铵溶液处理该渣的溶硫率大于99％,热解提硫率大于93％,硫总回收率在92％以上。研究结果表明,硫化铵溶硫——热分解提硫是一种很有前途的回收元素硫的方法。     

铅锌尾矿制备水泥熟料及重金属固化特性

以桥口铅锌尾矿为原料制备水泥熟料,主要研究生料的易烧性、熟料的重金属固化、浸出毒性及水泥的强度。利用X线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)分析不同尾矿掺量及煅烧温度下水泥熟料的矿物相和微观结构,用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES法)分析熟料中重金属的质量分数。研究结果表明:当煅烧温度超过1 350℃且加入铅锌尾矿质量分数为15%~16%时,可生产出符合GB 175—2007标准的硅酸盐水泥,其硅酸三钙(C3S)质量分数最高可达49.2%,28 d抗压强度为53.99 MPa;掺入铅锌尾矿,熟料中游离氧化钙(f-Ca O)的质量分数低于0.5%,改善了生料的易烧性;在煅烧过程中,重金属Zn,As,Cd和Pb的平均固化率分别为89.76%,83.62%,73.20%和15.19%;熟料Zn,As,Cd和Pb的浸出毒性远低于危险废物的国家标准。     

核桃壳对酸性矿山废水抑制效果的研究

研究在氧化亚铁硫杆菌培养液中添加核桃壳粉和核桃壳乙醇粗提液两种形态的抑制物,探讨其对酸性矿山废水以及重金属离子溶出的抑制效果。实验结果表明:核桃壳粉添加组对矿溶出的重金属Cr、Fe、Pb、Cu和Zn浓度的抑制作用强于核桃壳乙醇粗提液添加组;核桃壳及其乙醇粗提液对氧化亚铁硫杆菌产酸的抑制效果从强到弱依次为核桃壳粉添加组、核桃壳乙醇粗提液添加组、空白组。     

白酒陶瓷包装的重金属溶出研究概况与展望

用陶瓷贮存白酒是中国千百年来的传统,陶瓷包装中重金属离子的溶出对白酒酒质风味和人体健康的影响一直为研究者所关注,但针对白酒陶瓷包装的重金属溶出影响机制研究相对较少。分析总结了近年来白酒陶瓷包装中重金属溶出分布及影响因素的研究现状和进展。通过对陶瓷釉料中主要成分的分析看出,重金属助溶剂和着色剂是陶瓷包装重金属溶出的主要来源。对比国内外陶瓷制品相关重金属溶出限量标准和分析测试方法发现,目前限量标准主要控制Pb和Cd,但一些研究表明陶瓷包装中Zn和Ni的溶出也不容忽视。进一步对白酒陶瓷包装中重金属溶出影响因素的分析发现,陶瓷釉料成分比例及厚度、白酒的pH值和酒精度都会影响陶瓷包装中的重金属溶出,离子交换过程和玻璃基体溶解被认为是陶瓷包装中Pb的主要溶出机理,且研究表明高酒精度白酒有利于减少总酸的形成并抑制陶瓷包装中重金属的溶出。未来可进一步探讨白酒的酸度、酒精度和酯类物质与陶瓷包装中重金属的相互作用及影响机制,为从白酒陶瓷包装的生产源头到白酒贮存消费的全过程减少和控制重金属溶出提供科学依据。     

双穗雀稗种群对铅、锌和铜的积累和耐性研究

以正常草地的双穗雀稗（Ｐａｓｐａｌｕｍ ｄｉｓｔｉｃｈｕｍ）种群作对照,研究了生长于广东韶关凡口和乐昌铅锌尾矿的２个双穗雀稗种群的重金属耐性,凡口和乐昌铅锌尾矿都含有极高浓度的总量和有效态的重金属（Ｐｂ,Ｚｎ和Ｇｕ）,与之相应,采自两个铅锌尾矿的植物体内的铅、锌和铜的含量显著高于对照点,根伸长的耐性实验表明,凡口和乐昌站尾矿的２个双穗雀稗种群对Ｐｂ,Ｚｎ和Ｃｕ的耐笥指数和ＥＤ５０值均显著高于对照种     

金属硫化物矿区环境污染的源头控制与修复技术

金属硫化物矿区尾矿的自然风化可产生大量含重金属和硫酸根离子的酸性矿山废水,造成矿区及下游水体和土壤的严重污染.文中介绍了笔者及其团队的相关研究工作:基于矿山尾矿的化学及微生物氧化机理,开发了缓释杀菌剂以抑制微生物氧化,并制备出以三乙烯四胺二硫代氨基甲酸钠为代表的尾矿钝化剂,隔断尾矿与空气、水和微生物的接触,抑制尾矿的氧化,实现从源头上控制重金属和硫酸根离子的释放;针对矿区重金属和硫酸根离子主要通过水体迁移造成周围环境污染的现状,开发了利用改性玉米秸秆、花生壳、稻草等吸附材料去除重金属和硫酸根离子的技术,并通过硫酸盐还原菌在改性吸附材料上的固定化构建了能同时去除重金属和硫酸根的生化功能材料.此外,还开发了利用经济作物玉米来修复污染土壤的"边生产-边修复"技术,实现了农业生产与土壤修复的同时进行.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that