Presence of oncornavirus-like particles in the P388 murine leukemic cell line

Summary A culture of P388 murine lymphoblastoid cells has been shown to contain type C oncornavirus-like particles budding at the plasma membrane. Occasionally intracytoplasmic type A and immature type B particles were also observed by electron microscope techniques. The discovery of oncornavirus-like particles in the P388 cell line increases the utility of this neoplastic system for detecting potential antineoplastic agents.Supported by Contract NO1-CM-67048 from the Division of Cancer Treatment (DCT), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. The fannie E. Rippel Foundation, Talley Industries, and the Phoenix Coca Cola Bottling Co. We are also grateful to Miss Linda M. Lange for technical assistance.     

Cytogenetic evidence for hemizygosity at the thymidine kinase locus in P388 mouse lymphoma cells

A detailed cytogenetic investigation was carried out on P388 mouse lymphoma cells. The cells have a mean chromosome number of 36.86 with a mode and median of 37 chromosomes. G-banding analysis of 12 spreads revealed a total of 15 marker chromosomes with chromosome 11, the determinant of thymidine kinase, being present only in single copy per cell. It is therefore concluded that the P388 cell line is hemizygous at the thymidine kinase locus. Thymidine kinase activities were assayed in P388 cells and two other malignant cell lines, clone 707 Friend mouse leukaemia cells and L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells. No clear relationship was observed between enzyme activity and gene dosage.     

Structural diversity of communicating intercellular junctions (gap junctions) in the posterior cecal epithelium of the crustacean Orchestis]

Two types of gap junction are described, they are different in the size, the spacing and the polarity of their intramembrane particles. The dense type shows two kinds of particles which rather remain joined to the P fracture face. The loose type shows larger and more spaced out particles which rather are held by the E fracture face. These observations demonstrate that one needs to shade the distinction between P-type gap (Vertebrate) and E-type gap (Arthropoda).     

Potentiation of the biological activities of daunomycin and adriamycin by ascorbic acid and dimethylsulfoxide

Summary L-Ascorbic acid (0.57 mM) and dimethylsulfoxide (14.1 mM) were found to potentiate four times the antibacterial activities of daunomycin and adriamycin in theStaphylococcus aureus test. This effect, however, could not be demonstrated against eukaryotic cells and leukemia P388 in mice. The authors thank Dr A. Maráz, Department of Microbiology, J.A. University, Szeged, and Dr Zs. Somfai, Institute of Oncology, Budapest, for collaboration in the experiments with yeast and tumor cells.     

The structure of amoorastatone and the cytotoxic limonoid 12-hydroxyamoorastatin.

2 new limonoid-type terpenes have been isolated from an aqueous extract of seeds produced by the Eastern Himalayan (India) plant Aphanamixis grandifolia B1. By interpreting principally mass spectral and nuclear magnetic resonance data, the structures of 12-hydroxyamoorastatin (2b) and amoorastatone (3) were elucidated. Unequivocal evidence for the 12-hydroxyamoorastatin structural assignment was obtained by chemical conversion to sendanin (4). Amoorastatin derivative 2b was found to significantly inhibit growth of the murine P388 lymphocytic leukemia cell lines but amoorastatone in the same system was inactive. In a comparative biological study, sendanin (4) and anthothecol (7) were also found significantly to inhibit growth of the P388 cell line, while rohitukin (8) and limonin (9) were found to be inactive.     

Isometachromin, a new cytotoxic sesquiterpenoid from a deep water sponge of the family Spongiidae.

Isometachromin (1), a new sesquiterpene-quinone that is related structurally to metachromin C (2), and the known compounds ilimaquinone (3) and 5-epi-ilimaquinone (4), were isolated from a deep water sponge in the family Spongiidae; the structure of isometachromin was elucidated by spectral methods. Isometachromin exhibits in vitro cytotoxicity against the human lung cancer cell line A549 (IC50 = 2.6 micrograms/ml), but not against P388 murine leukemia (IC 50 > or equal to 10 micrograms/ml) and also exhibits antimicrobial activity.     

Tumeurs mammaires et leucémies dans une nouvelle souche de souris (PS): Etude au microscope électronique

Summary In the recently isolated Mouriquand strain of mice, virus-like particles of the A and B type are abundant in mammary tumours, and fewer particles of the C type are present in leukaemic and non-leukaemic organs. In one animal all three kinds of particles have been shown. Striking cytological features of the mammary tumours are described.     

Effect of colicin E3 on leukemia cells P388 in vitro.

Proliferation of murine leukemia cells P388 is stimulated by less than 1.0 mg/ml colicin E3, while being inhibited by higher concentrations. By 1.6 mg/ml colicin E3, uptake of thymidine into cold TCA-precipitable fraction is decreased by 59% during 24 h, uptake of uridine by 29%.     

Staurosporine aglycone (K252-c) and arcyriaflavin A from the marine ascidian,Eudistoma sp

Staurosporine aglycone (K252-c) (compound1) and arcyriaflavin A (2) were isolated from a specimen of the marine ascidian,Eudistoma sp., collected off the coast of West Africa. In addition to expressing micromolar and submicromolar inhibition of enzyme activity against seven protein kinase C isoenzymes and inhibition of proliferation of the human lung cancer A549 and P388 murine leukemia cell lines,1 also inhibited cell adhesion of the EL-4.IL-2 cell line and expressed activity in the K562 bleb and neutrophil assays.     

Effect of colicin E3 on leukemia cells P 388 in vitro

Summary Proliferation of murine leukemia cells P388 is stimulated by less than 1.0 mg/ml colicin E3, while being inhibited by higher concentrations. By 1.6 mg/ml colicin E3, uptake of thymidine into cold TCA-precipitable fraction is decreased by 59% during 24 h, uptake of uridine by 29%.     

Responses of resistance and capacitance vessels at various frequency electrical stimulation of sympathetic nerves

Conclusion (1) The maximal reactions of cerebral resistance vessels arise at the stimulation frequency of 30 cps, the maximal reactions of capacitance vessels at the frequency of 10 cps. (2) Reactions of resistance vessels in the pulmonary lobe increase in the range of stimulation frequencies from 11–50 cps, maximal reactions of pulmonary capacitance vessels are observed at the frequency of 30–40 cps. (3) Reactions of resistance vessels situated below the abdominal aorta bifurcation increase progressively in the range of frequencies from 6–50 cps, the magnitude of capacitance vessel reaction reaching its maximum value at 20 cps.

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30 /, — 10 /. 50 /. 30–40 /, 20 /.

     

Intracisternal A type particles of the extraocular muscle of hereditary muscular dystrophy mouse.

Intracisternal A type virus (IA) particles were observed in the extraocular muscle fiber of hereditary muscular dystroph mouse. The particles appeared approximately 65-75 mmu in diameter, with electron lucent cores.     

Intracisternal A type particles of the extraocular muscle of hereditary muscular dystrophy mouse

Summary Intracisternal A type virus (IA) particles were observed in the extraocular muscle fiber of hereditary muscular dystrophy mouse. The particles appeared approximately 65–75 m in diameter, with electron lucent cores.     

Isolation and structure of the strong cell growth and tubulin inhibitor combretastatin A-4

The African tree Combretum caffrum (Combretacae) has been found to contain a powerful inhibitor of tubulin polymerization (IC50 2-3 microM), the growth of murine lymphocytic leukemia (L 1210 and P 388 with ED50 approximately 0.003 microM and human colon cancer cell lines [(e.g. LoVo (ED50 = 0.005 microgram/ml), HT 29 (ED50 0.02 microgram/ml, Colo 205 (ED50 = 0.07 microgram/ml), DLD-1 (ED50 = 0.005 microgram/ml) and HCT-15 (ED50 = 0.0009 microgram/ml] designated combretastatin A-4 (1c). The structure assigned by spectral techniques was confirmed by synthesis.     

Isometachromin,a new cytotoxic sesquiterpenoid from a deep water sponge of the family Spongiidae

Isometachromin (1), a new sesquiterpene-quinone that is related structurally to metachromin C (2), and the known compounds ilimaquinone (3) and and 5-epi-ilimaquinone (4), were isolated from a deep water sponge in the family Spongiidae; the structure of isometachromin was elucidated by spectral methods. Isometachromin exhibits in vitro cytotoxicity against the human lung cancer cell line A 549 (IC₅₀=2.6 g/ml), but not against P 388 murine leukemia (IC₅₀10 g/ml) and also exhibits antimicrobial activity.This research is Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution (HBOI) contribution number 911. We thank Drs S. A. Pomponi and M. Kelly-Borges (HBOI) for sponge taxonomy, and Dr P. McCarthy and T. Peterson (HBOI) for antimicrobial data.     

Electronmicroscopic identification of type C particles in cultured murine neuroblastoma

Summary Monolayer of murine neuroblastoma were treated with dexamethasone and examined by electronmicroscopy. Most of the treated cells were morphologically differentiated and exhibited type C virus particles which were budding from the cell surface. This in vitro system may be of great value for exploring the oncogenic potential of the virus, and its possible role in cell differentiation.Acknowledgments. The authors wish to thank Dr K.N. Prasad, Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Medical Center, for providing the NBP₂ clone, and Mr P. Reimann for photographic assistance. This research was supported in part by NIH Grant NS 11650 to T.H.W.     

The structure of amoorastatone and the cytotoxic limonoid 12-hydroxyamoorastatin

Summary 2 new limonoid-type terpenes have been isolated from an aqueous extract of seeds produced by the Eastern Himalayan (India) plantAphanamixis grandifolia Bl. By interpreting principally mass spectral and nuclear magnetic resonance data, the structures of 12-hydroxyamoorastatin (2b) and amoorastatone (3) were elucidated. Unequivocal evidence for the 12-hydroxyamoorastatin structural assignment was obtained by chemical conversion to sendanin (4). Amoorastatin derivative2b was found to significantly inhibit growth of the murine P388 lymphocytic leukemia cell lines but amoorastatone in the same system was inactive. In a comparative biological study, sendanin (4) and anthothecol (7) were also found significantly to inhibit growth of the P388 cell line, while rohitukin (8) and limonin (9) were found to be inactive.Part 63 of the series Antineoplastic Agents. For the previous contribution refer to G.R. Pettit, T.S. Krupa and R.M. Reynolds, Int. J. Peptide Protein Res., in preparation. The present investigation was supported in part by Public Health Research Grant No. CA-16049-05 from the National Cancer Institute, the Fannie E. Rippel Foundation, Mrs Mary Dell Pritzlaff, the Spencer T. and Ann W. Olin Foundation, Mr John F. Schmidt, and the Phoenix Coca-Cola Bottling Company.     

Accumulation of metals and mineral particles in the soft tissues of the edible cockle, Cerastoderma edule (Mollusca. Eulamellibranchia). Relation to the environment]

There are two types of metallic accumulations. The first type is constant in localisation and composition. The second type is casually encountered, included in hemocyte nodules, changing with environment and some of its components are incorporated in inorganic particles.     

Effect of 1 henobarbital on growth of a metastasising,allogeneic sarcoma in the rat

Résumé Chez des rats traités au phénobarbital (1.5 mg/kg par jour) on a trouvé une faible augmentation du nombre de colonies produites dans les poumons des rujets inoculés, par voie intraveineuse avec les cellules Y-P388 (un sarcome métastasisant, allogénique). Cet effet semble être dû aux propriétés immunosuppressives de la drogue Celles-ci cependant paraissent faibles, puisque le phénobarbital n'a pas stimulé l'accroissement d'une transplantation primaire de Y-P388 dans le muscle ni ses métastases aux nodules lymphoïdes et aux poumons.     

Relationship between A-type and C-type particles in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells

Summary Intracisternal and intracytoplasmic A-type particles were discovered in Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. In addition, mature and immature C-type particles were also seen in the intercellular space. It is believed that A particles may represent a precursor or a formative stage of the C particles.Acknowledgment. The author is grateful to Professor F. P. Lisowski for his advice and helpful criticisms and to Mr Y. S. Tong for his expert technical assistance. This project was supported by a grant from the Hong Kong University Research Grants Committee.