壳聚糖固定化蚯蚓纤溶酶及其性质

以壳聚糖为载体,戊二醛为交联荆,用吸附交联法固定蚯蚓纤溶酶,对蚯蚓纤溶酶的固定化条件及固定化酶的各种性质进行了研究,确定了酶固定的最适条件:1 g用pH为6.5的磷酸盐缓冲液浸泡的壳聚糖载体与5 mL体积分数为1%戊二醛在25℃交联8 h,充分洗去戊二醛之后,加入蚯蚓纤溶酶13 U,4℃吸附6 h,充分洗去未交联的游离酶,酶活力回收最高大约为63%,固定化酶的比活为0.082 U/mg.固定化酶,游离酶的最适温度均为50℃,游离酶的最适pH值为8.5,而固定化酶的最适pH值为8.0,固定化酶的热稳定性,pH稳定性均比游离酶有所提高,游离酶、固定化酶都能水解纤维蛋白原和纤维蛋白,固定化酶不再水解BSA.     

玻璃纤维素壳聚糖膜固定乙酰胆碱酯酶的研究

以玻璃纤维素壳聚糖膜为载体,戊二醛为交联剂,进行乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)的固定,并对固定化酶的理化性质进行研究.结果表明,乙酰胆碱酯酶的较佳固定化条件为:150 U/mL AChE液50μL,体积分数为5%的戊二醛溶液50μL,质量分数为1%的BSA100μL,pH值为8.0的0.2 mol/L PBS缓冲液,配制成1 mL酶液,玻璃纤维素壳聚糖膜浸于此酶液4℃固定8 h.固定化酶的最适作用温度37℃,最适pH 8.0,能够重复利用4次以上,表明该固定化酶的稳定性较高.     

微球形固定化α-葡萄糖苷酶的制备

将粉末状壳聚糖制备成微球形多孔载体 ,采用吸附 -交联的方法将TGL固定化 .研究表明 ,制备微球形多孔壳聚糖载体的关键取决于壳聚糖原料的分子量分布、壳聚糖的稀酸溶液浓度以及凝结液的组成等因素 ;当壳聚糖的相对分子质量为 3.0× 10 5左右 ,壳聚糖溶液浓度为 2 .5% ,凝结液组成为 2mol/LNaOH∶4 0 %甲醛 =3∶2 (体积比 )或2mol/LNaOH∶甲醇 =3∶1(体积比 )时 ,可制得微球形多孔壳聚糖载体 .最佳固定化条件研究表明 ,对于脱乙酰度为 88%的壳聚糖载体 ,加酶量为 3× 10 5Unit/g时 ,在 pH 6.0条件下 ,室温吸附 8h ,然后用 2 .0 %的戊二醛在 4 5℃交联 9h ,可得到固定化酶的活力为2 .34 2× 10 5Unit/g ,酶活力回收率为 78.1% ,并具有较好的强度 .     

固定化木瓜蛋白酶的研究及其应用

从8种载体材料中选取自制的氨基含量约2．878mmol/g的甲壳质作为固定化载体,采用吸附交联法,以戊二醛为交联剂,对木瓜蛋白酶进行固定化。17．5mg/g的固定化酶／载体比较,pH6.5,5℃下,先吸附10min,再以0．7％的戊二醛终浓度交联12h,所得固定化酶酶活回收可达52．0％,酶活力为3．54U／g。固定化酶在65℃以下,溶液酶在55℃以下稳定;固定化酶在pH7.0以下稳定,溶液酶在pH6.0以下稳定;5℃条件下,固定化酶贮藏半衰期为183d;以酪蛋白为底物,固定化酶的操作半衰期可达27d。用固定化酶水解甲壳胺,产物分子量小于10 000的甲壳胺低聚糖得率约为45．55％。     

重组毕赤酵母生产β-葡萄糖苷酶发酵条件优化及固定化研究

为了实现绿色木霉菌Trichoderma viride来源的β-葡萄糖苷酶在重组毕赤酵母中的高效表达,对重组菌P.pastoris KM71/pPIC9K-bgl1/pPICZ A-pdi进行3.6L罐发酵培养条件优化。结果表明,当诱导温度28℃,初始诱导菌体浓度50g/L,诱导阶段甲醇体积分数1.0%时,酶活力最高,能达到1452U/mL。同时以壳聚糖为载体、戊二醛为交联剂,采用吸附交联法对β-葡萄糖苷酶进行固定化。结果表明,当壳聚糖质量浓度0.03g/mL,戊二醛质量浓度0.008g/mL,游离酶添加量400U/g(1g壳聚糖微球加酶量为400U),固定化吸附时间20h时,固定化酶酶活回收率最高,达到65.4%。以800g/L葡萄糖为底物,优化的转化条件下连续转化6次,低聚龙胆糖产率仍达到15.2%,显示出该固定化酶具有较好的持续利用性及较高的低聚龙胆糖生产能力。     

壳聚糖固定化风味蛋白酶的制备及其酶学特性

研究了球形交联壳聚糖固定化风味蛋白酶的制备工艺及其酶学特性.以壳聚糖为载体、戊二醛为交联剂,采用共价交联法制备固定化风味蛋白酶的较适条件为ω(壳聚糖)=2.5％、ω(NaOH) =3％、ω(戊二醛)=0.5％,交联时间6h,载体中∞(酶)=40 mg/g,于35℃、pH值5.5条件下固定化反应10h.固定化后,风味蛋白酶较适反应温度从50℃提高至70℃,较适pH值从7.0提高至8.0,且可在更宽温度与pH值范围内保持较高的酶活力.固定化风味蛋白酶具有良好的储存稳定性和操作稳定性,可反复多次使用,适宜于在工业生产中推广应用.     

凝胶法固定乙酰胆碱酯酶的研究

以海藻酸钠为载体包埋固定乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE),考察了影响酶固定化的重要因素,获得了最佳固定化条件。实验结果表明,将1U乙酰胆碱酯酶,2μLφ(戊二醛)为5%的戊二醛,1μL10g/L的牛血清白蛋白(BSA),与30g/L的海藻酸钠配成300μL的酶溶液,滴入20g/L的氯化钙溶液中,3℃下固定8h,制备的凝胶酶珠机械强度高,活力重现性好。在20g/L的氯化钙溶液中3℃下保存40d,活力基本不变,相对标准偏差为5.53%～6.82%。     

磁性壳聚糖微球固定化漆酶的制备及酶学性质研究

以Cerrena sp. HYB07菌株所产漆酶为研究对象,制备磁性Fe_3O_4-壳聚糖固定漆酶.磁性壳聚糖微球固定化漆酶制备的最优条件为:磁性Fe_3O_4纳米颗粒0.4μg·mL~(-1)、戊二醛质量浓度4 mg·mL~(-1)、交联时间12 h、给酶量160 U·mL~(-1)、固定化时间8 h.在此条件下,漆酶固定化率为78.03%,固定化漆酶活力为97.19 U·g~(-1).酶学性质研究表明,固定化漆酶的最适反应pH值为3.0,最适反应温度为45℃.与游离酶相比,固定化漆酶的热稳定性有所提高.固定化漆酶用于蒽醌染料活性亮蓝脱色,具有良好的重复利用性,不仅染料脱色率优于游离酶,且在汞离子存在下也效果显著.     

壳聚糖固定化木瓜蛋白酶的制备及性质

以壳聚糖为载体 ,戊二醛为交联剂制备固定化木瓜蛋白酶 .研究了固定化时间、温度、pH值、给酶量和戊二醛浓度对固定化木瓜蛋白酶活力的影响 ,结果表明 :木瓜蛋白酶最佳固定化条件是给酶量为每克载体 10mg ,戊二醛浓度0 .5 % ,pH7.5 ,室温下 (2 5℃ )反应 10h .所制备的固定化木瓜蛋白酶的最适pH8.0 ,最适温度 70℃ ,与溶液酶相比 ,固定化酶的热稳定性显著提高     

大孔树脂吸附固定化脂肪酶机理研究

目的 探讨大孔树脂吸附固定化脂肪酶机理.方法 选取4种不同树脂(XAD1180,XAD7HP,A568,XAD18),通过氮气低温吸附法对栽酶树脂的孔径分布情况进行分析,对吸附-交联法制备固定化脂肪酶的工艺条件进行考察.结果 XAD1180为最适的固定化载体,其最佳固定化条件为:给酶量1 400～1 600μg/mL,戊二醛浓度为0.05%(体积分数),缓冲液pH7.5,吸附温度30℃,吸附时间10 h.结论 XAD1180树脂为南极假丝酵母脂肪酶理想的吸附固定化栽体.吸附同时用戊二醛交联,可以起一定加固脂肪酶的作用.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the