An Action Research Study for Elaborating and Implementing an Electronic Waste Collection Program in Brazil

The objective of this study was to conduct Action Research (AR) to create and implement a WEEE management program that was in line with the BNPSW regulations. The city chosen for this study was São João del Rei (SJDR) located in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Using AR it was possible to structure a WEEE management program that involved stakeholders from the city administration, the Federal University of São João del Rei, and representatives from the private sector. The program ultimately collected 1710 kg of WEEE that received an environmentally appropriate destination. Although no major difficulties were observed with respect to the AR process itself, some challenges were encountered. Lack of infrastructure and hesitance on behalf of the public with respect to implementing WEEE Reverse Logistics were complicating factors. The action research as methodology proved to be highly efficient in dealing with e-waste reverse logistics. It resulted in faster decision making, in turn generating better results. Good decisions were repeated and errors were corrected. The Action Research project highlighted the need for raising public awareness about WEEE disposal. It also showed that the public was ultimately interested in participating and contributing to the proposed WEEE management program. The awareness of the population has led to a significant increase in the amount of collected waste. The model resulting from this research serve as a reference for decision makers in implementing similar programs around the world and to contribute to the existing body of knowledge on the subject.

     

一种基于实时控制的立体仓库出入库算法

介绍了一种基于实时控制的立体仓库出入库算法。该算法采用改进的先进先出原则、平均负荷原则、最短路线原则、高低箱分离原则和优化出入库次序原则，使出入库管理、通讯管理、堆垛机和滚道的实时控制之间既有明确分工，又能通过计算机网络、数据库和数据交换有机地集成在一起。它把各种复杂的出入库情况统一为一种处理模式，从而大大提高了出入库控制的效率和故障处理的能力，提高了系统的可靠性.     

Designing a Capability-Focused Strategic Management Model for a Turkish Public Hospital: Learning from Failure

This study aims to depict a failed strategic change initiative in a Turkish public hospital by means of an action research and it strives to explain critical factors underpinning the failure, thereby proposing how such factors should be tackled with for similar initiatives elsewhere. The study calls attention to the recent challenges ongoing in the environment of hospitals, which urge them to take on a more strategic focus. In this vein, we discredit accreditation based systems, which emphasize monitoring resources and propose a capability-focused strategic management model for hospitals. A hybrid action research protocol, which combines both traditional and participatory action research methodologies in its design, is employed to formulate and implement the model in a public hospital. The phases of the project and obstacles faced during these phases are discussed. The findings suggest that although the model offers significant potential for competitive success and better resource efficiency, path-dependent characteristics of the public sector governance in Turkey have impeded the adoption of the model in our case. Both macro-systemic characteristics related mainly to the Turkish national culture and management of public institutions and situation-specific characteristics, such as top management’s decision making orientation, professional norms and patronage relationships have blocked the way for the aspired transformation despite positive attitudes of and support from higher order public authorities and internal professional groups.     

基于改进Fishbone的物流仓库布局优化

针对物流仓库内部布局的优化设计问题, 通过在Fishbone布局方法中结合贯通式货架系统的思想, 给出一种改进Fishbone仓库布局方法. 在方法中, 分三种情况对仓库主通道角度和拣货通道角度进行建模, 用Matlab求解并确定了最佳仓库布局角度, 进而考虑托盘尺寸对总移动距离的影响, 建立了最小化总移动距离的数学模型. 结合实际案例结果分析表明, 该方法在基本保持仓库面积利用率的前提下, 有效地缩短了仓库总拣货距离, 不失为一种良好的仓库布局方法.     

AN ALGORITHM FOR THE DETERMINATION OF THE ECONOMIC ORDER QUANTITY IN A TWO-LEVEL SUPPLY CHAIN WITH TRANSPORTATION COSTS： COMPARISON OF DECENTRALIZED WITH CENTRALIZED DECISION

This paper considers a two-level supply chain consisting of one warehouse and one retailer. In this model we determine the optimal ordering policy according to inventory and transportation costs. We assume that the demand rate by the retailer is known. Shortages are allowed neither at the retailer nor at the warehouse. We study this model in two cases; decentralized and centralized. In the decentralized case the retailer and the warehouse independently minimize their own costs; while in the centralized case the warehouse and the retailer are considered as a whole firm. We propose an algorithm to find economic order quantifies for both the retailer and the warehouse which minimize the total system cost in the centralized case. The total system cost contains the holding and ordering costs at the retailer and the warehouse as well as the transportation cost from the warehouse to the retailer. The application of this model into the pharmaceutical downstream supply chain of a public hospital allows obtaining significant savings. By numerical examples, the costs are computed in MATLAB to compare the costs in the centralized case with decentralized one and to propose a saving-sharing mechanism through quantity discount.     

回收处理基金下闭环供应链的多元化主导模式

从2011年起,中国政府出台了一系列关于废弃电器电子产品回收处理的政策法规,对中国闭环供应链的理论和实践都提出了新的挑战.本文首先分析了新政策下电器电子产品闭环供应链结构的重组,并对其运行模式的修正进行研究.然后,对由于结构重组形成的四种主导模式进行建模分析,求解给出每种模式的决策最优解.最后,对这四种模式的最优决策进行比较分析,研究发现:1)在四种主导模式下,为了保证产品的销量,制造企业和零售企业都没有调整产品销售价格的动机;制造企业和零售企业权力的差异体现在产品批发价格的差异上. 2)闭环供应链各成员的主导权力和他们之间利润息息相关,成员企业的渠道权力越大,相应的利润就越高.但是,销售企业的利润不受逆向渠道主导模式的影响,拆解企业的利润不受正向渠道主导模式的影响,逆向渠道的市场回收价格和转移价格不受正向渠道主导模式的影响.3)制造企业受处理基金的影响是正负双向的.文章的研究结论具有一定的现实指导价值,有利于基金政策在中国的实施和完善.     

电子设备健康状态评估与故障预测方法

针对电子设备的健康性能退化问题,提出一种改进流形学算法与隐半马尔可夫模型(hidden semi Markov model, HSMM)相结合的电子设备健康评估与故障预测方法。首先,在有监督邻域保持投影(supervised neighborhood preserving projection, SNPP)算法中引入非相关约束并加入核函数形成核有监督非相关邻域保持投影(kernel supervised uncorrelated neighborhood preserving projection,KSUNPP)算法,将其用于原始特征的提取,获得有效的特征集作为HSMM的输入进行训练|其次,建立了电子设备健康评估与故障预测模型,该模型用Kullback Leibler (KL)距离来衡量故障程度,实现设备退化程度的评估,又可根据各状态驻留时间,预测出设备故障发生的时间。最后,将该方法应用于某型导弹电子设备的健康评估与故障预测,验证其有效性。     

Using Soft Systems Methodology to Fight Against Info-Exclusion: The Experience of a Brazilian University

The aim of this paper is to apply a systemic methodology to analyse the concept of info-inclusion which can guide strategic actions of institutions within civil society and within several levels of government. The paper provides a plan of action that, integrated with other tools, aims at fighting the technological and social gap. We apply Soft System Methodology (SSM), because it provides a holistic approach to info-exclusion. SSM is often used to analyse and resolve problems in complex social studies such as info-exclusion. An info-exclusion reduction project, developed by a university in the country region of Sao Paulo will be provided as a case study. This project is one of the several Brazilian initiatives to solve the problem of limited access to information technology tools. We start by contextualising info-exclusion in Brazil and follow with a review of SSM. We then introduce the concept of info-inclusion and apply SSM to it. We end with a discussion of the results obtained and with some suggestions for action and possible improvements.     

基于电子商务环境的自动化立体仓库系统研究

随着信息技术的高速发展,电子商务思想日益为企业所接受,越来越多的企业开始尝试其使用,同时也对物流自动化系统的开发提出了更高的要求。以某物资供应中心自动配送系统为例,探讨了基于电子商务环境条件下自动化立体仓库系统的管理控制与作业模式。     

遗传算法在货位精确选址中的应用研究

结合作者开发自动化立体仓库的实际经验，首先对自动化立体仓库中取、放货和倒库作业时货位状态不符合要求，如何重新确定最优货位的问题，以及大型仓库有多台货物转移台车同时作业，如何优化调度的问题进行分析，然后从人工智能的角度，借助遗传算法，提出了一种优化方法。该设计方法在实际应用中获得了良好效果。     

数据仓库与数据挖掘技术在高校决策中的应用

在高校已有的各部门业务数据库的基础上，根据高校管理的方式和特点，阐述利用数据挖掘技术建立高校数据仓库的思路和方法，并论述将其应用于高校决策的有效性和科学性。     

一个辅助产品开发决策的数据仓库系统

我们所建立的数据仓库系统，是从市场销售这一角度来辅助新产品开发决策的，实际上，数据仓库不能脱离数据库等数据源独立存在，因此系统应包括数据库系统，根据这一背景和要求，我们提出了一种系统结构，本文除介绍这个结构外，重点论述了该系统的数据管理方法。该方法采用的数据模型是对象和雪花混合的模型，其数据操纵语言是一种扩展的SQL，这种方法不仅能够统一管理数据仓库和数据库，而且能达到高效的查询。     

自动化立体仓库输送系统调度的优化仿真及其应用研究

分析了自动化立体仓库输送系统的若干调度问题,给出了启发式调度规则和优化算法,建立了该离散系统的仿真Ｐｅｔｒｉ网模型,在此基础上,对系统进行了动态的优化仿真,仿真结果表明了调度规则和算法的正确性和有效性,使得系统物流更加畅通和平滑。     

基于ECA规则的业务流程效率实时管理方法

业务流程效率是企业业务运营管理中非常关键的性能指标之一. 针对目前业务流程性能研究缺乏实时、定量分析的问题, 提出了应用ECA规则监控业务流程效率的实时管理方法. 从业务流程效率分析指标体系出发, 给出了业务流程效率实时管理框架, 构建了多维数据仓库关系模型, 探讨了业务流程效率监控的ECA规则以及业务流程效率实时管理控制引擎. 以某企业的服装订单合同评审业务流程为例, 通过对比测评, 表明采用本方法实施业务流程效率管理后, 整体流程执行效率提升了10%左右, 业务活动执行的平均时间减少了15%左右.     

空间和费用约束条件下的随船备件配置优化方法

通过分析舰艇海上器材保障模式,依据装备的层次分解结构、舰艇的备件更换修理能力,在根据备件的故障率确定备件需求的基础上,以系统的备件不短缺概率为优化目标,考虑备件总经费和仓库空间的约束,建立了基于边际分析法的备件配置优化模型。实例优化结果显示,携带舰艇车间可更换单元,在相同的备件存储空间和体积约束下,可以显著提高舰艇装备的战备完好性。     

不同博弈类型对门槛公共品供给结果的影响

门槛公共品作为一种特殊的公共品,除了拥有一般公共品的非排他性和非竞争性之外,还具有一个特殊的性质:它的提供要求人们对该公共品的贡献之和必须大于一个临界值,即门槛.反之,如果人们的贡献之和小于门槛,该公共品就不能被提供出来.本文通过建立模型,从理论上分析了两个同质参与者在贡献不可退还的规则下,不同博弈类型(同时博弈、序贯博弈)对门槛公共品供给的影响,然后进一步分析其对社会福利、社会公平以及公共品提供成功率的影响.结果发现,同时博弈相比于序贯博弈可以达到更高的社会福利水平,而且参与者之间也更加公平.序贯博弈相比于同时博弈可以保证门槛公共品以更高的概率被提供出来.     

带时间窗和调货特性的多品类取送货优化算法

为了满足快时尚品连锁门店多品类的销售需求,综合考虑载重限制、多货品、门店相互调货和服务时间窗等因素,研究了同时取送货车辆路径问题。为了有效降低库存管理和运输成本,通常鼓励门店间的货品相互调配,且需要控制用车数。为此,以最小化车辆数为第一优化目标,最小化转运成本（运输成本和仓库处理成本）为第二优化目标,构建了混合整数规划模型,并设计了两阶段启发式求解算法。算法采用最短路径插入规则生成初始解,并配合8个邻域操作算子进行迭代搜索。采用该算法求解标准算例,对比文献中结果表明,其具有较好的寻优能力。基于某女鞋连锁门店的实际运营数据设计了72个算例,计算分析表明,该算法的求解能力与效率均优于整数规划模型。     

基于多元公共品演化博弈的无人作战集群策略占优条件

如何提高集群中合作者占比, 是无人集群作战中自主协同的关键问题之一。基于多元公共品演化博弈框架, 对无人作战集群策略占优条件进行了理论推导和特性分析。首先,给出无人集群自主协同需求, 建立基于愿景驱动的多元演化博弈模型。然后,以平均丰度函数为出发点, 理论推导多元演化博弈的合作策略占优条件。在此基础上, 针对线性和带门限值的两类公共品博弈, 仿真分析收益系数、愿景水平、门限值等参数对策略占优的影响, 获取两类博弈模型的策略占优特性。最后, 依据特性分析结果, 给出实现无人集群合作策略占优的建议, 为无人集群作战的机制设计提供决策支持。     

替代型公共品提供的激励问题博弈分析

运用非合作博弈方法,建立带参数的替代型公共品提供博弈,分析公共品自愿提供过程中,政府策略选择对促进个体行为的影响,以及贡献者的策略选择问题,并进一步讨论公共品自愿提供的激励机制。通过构造公共品提供的合作博弈,得到其核心与公共品提供的林达尔配置统一,因此是满足个体理性和集体理性的配置方式。     

具有对策行为的不完美信息风险决策问题及应用

为解决在管理决策问题中,后行方如何判定先行方选择何种策略进而选择相应对策的问题,提出运用Logistic回归模型从先行方行为的历史信息和本次博弈的相关特征估计其各种策略的概率,然后后行方再依据对先行方所选策略的概率估计的结果进行风险决策.最后结合海关进出口管理的具体要求,将文中所提出的方法应用于海关通关管理中.