鼠尾草属植物杂交亲和性探究

为研究鼠尾草(Salvia)不同品种间杂交亲和性,选取3种7个品种的鼠尾草作为试验材料,检测花粉活力及柱头可授性强弱,进而通过荧光观察杂交后花粉萌发和花粉管生长情况.结果表明,鼠尾草的花粉活力及柱头可授性均在开花后1～2 d内达到最大;不同种间相互授粉杂交亲和性普遍低于种内杂交,正反交结果也存在差异,出现萌发缓慢、花粉管畸形生长等现象,只有少量的花粉管进入花柱基部使子房膨大;种内杂交比种间杂交更容易得到有胚种子.为了更好地完成杂交育种工作,需选择正确的杂交亲本,在适宜时期进行人工授粉,能够有效提高杂交成功率.     

北美鹅掌楸和中国鹅掌楸种间杂交胚胎学

１．中国鹅掌楸花粉在北美鹅掌楸柱头上萌发良好，速度快且整齐。２．花粉管生长速度最早在８０ｈ进入胚囊，大多数在１２０ｈ以后。个别花粉管在花柱中顶端膨大、破裂，或行至珠孔发生扭曲现象。３．花粉管通过柱头沟和花柱道时生长快，通过珠孔塞和珠孔以及珠柄时生长缓慢。４．控制授粉后５ｄ左右发生双受精，合子休眠约２０ｄ左右，３０ｄ左右是球形胚，９０ｄ子叶胚形成；１４０ｄ胚分化完成，种子成熟。５．连续三年的结籽率调     

鹅掌楸属种间杂交可配性与杂种优势的早期表现

研究了鹅掌楸属树科杂交可配性及杂科优势在种实性状上的表现，结果表明：（ｌ）千粒 重和种子饱满率在父本间和母本间差异均达极显著水平，两个性状在不同母本间不相关（ｒ= ０． ００７１），而在不同父本间呈中度正相关（ｒ=０． ６６４ ７）， 因此，不宜以千粒重作为比较母树间种 子品质的指标，而在研究不同父本时种子品质影响时，千粒重指标具有一定的参考价值；（２）不 同交配系统间及同一交配系统内不同交配组合间杂交可配性不同，授粉结实率应作为亲本选 择的重要依据。其中，以中国马褂木为轮回亲本的正、反交回交系统和以中国马褂木为母本的 杂交系统具有较高的杂交可配性，在杂交制科时可加以利用；（３）与中国马褂木种内交配系统 （ＣＸＣ）相比，种间杂交系统（ＣＸＴ）发芽效率提高 ７０．７８％、平均发芽时间缩短1ｄ、发芽高峰 期提早３ｄ，这些都可以看作杂种优势的早期表现形式。而 ＦＩ杂种马褂木自（近）交系统（Ｈ× H发芽效率最低、平均发芽时间最长、发芽高峰期出现最晚，则可能与近交衰退有关。     

楸树自交及种内、种间杂交亲和性的细胞学观察

运用荧光显微技术、整体透明法和石蜡切片法,对楸树自交及种内、种间杂交亲和性进行了显微观察.结果表明:无论自交或种内、种间杂交花粉均可在柱头萌发,但萌发时间和萌发率存在显著差异.花粉管在柱头分泌物中生长或穿透乳突细胞沿柱头中部维管束生长,之后进入花柱引导组织胞间隙.大量种内和种间杂交花粉管于授粉后12～24 h迅速生长至花柱基部；48 ～72 h进入子房；96～120 h前后发生双受精,肉眼可见子房发红膨大.自交授粉后约36％的花粉管在柱头和花柱上端终止生长；42％的花粉管于授粉后72～96 h进入子房；直到授粉后120 h花冠脱落为止,少数花粉管能够穿透胚囊,但未见双受精发生,子房无膨大.研究认为:楸树具有自交不亲和性,而种内和种间杂交是亲和的；其不亲和反应发生的最终位置在子房,时间在合子形成前,为合子前晚期自交不亲和类型.     

四种珍稀植物花粉萌发率测定

测定了木兰科的鹅掌楸、凹叶厚朴、乐东拟单性木兰和无患子科的伞花木等４种珍稀植物花粉的萌发率，在天然条件下，均在８０％以上；在室内瓶插保存条件下，当天开裂的同一花药室或同批开裂的不同花药室之花粉，其萌发率随天数的增加而明显下降，其中伞花木的下降较为缓慢是花粉彩自花序（一级分枝）的不同花。     

自交不亲和甘蓝的花粉萌发与花柱内保护酶活性变化

研究了柱头提取液对自交不亲和甘蓝花粉萌发、花粉管生长以及自花、异花授粉过程中花柱内过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性动态变化.结果表明:自花柱头提取液能显著抑制花粉萌发和花粉管的生长,而异花柱头提取液能提高花粉萌发率和花粉管的生长;授粉过程中花柱内SOD,POD和CAT活性都显著上升,而自花授粉上升幅度明显低于异花授粉.花柱内蛋白质含量在授粉过程中都会上升,但自花授粉在授粉后最初3～5min出现一个含量峰值.     

枸杞属（Lycium Linn．）13份供试材料花粉形态研究

对枸杞属（Lycium Linn．）7种3变种及3个种间杂交后代植株的花粉形态进行了扫描电子显微镜观察．研究结果表明,13份枸杞属供试材料花粉为长球形或近球形,极面观均为三裂片圆形;具三孔萌发沟,直达两极,沟的深浅、孔膜是否明显外突各种间存在差异;外壁条状纹饰作纵向排列,不同的条状纹饰、条纹表面的不规则细横纹以及表面的穿孔是不同种间花粉的区别点;花粉的大小在各种间也有不同程度的差异;并根据花粉形态建立了7种3变种的分类检索表。     

白头翁花部性状及花粉萌发特性研究

通过野外观察及室内试验,对白头翁花部性状及花粉萌发特征进行了观察研究.结果,白头翁花期在20 d左右,单花花期约10d;其花部性状存在着差异,开放时花冠的直径约3~5 cm;雌蕊和雄蕊数目在不同植株间不同花内都存在着差异,雄蕊数目为240~350枚,雌蕊数目为164~340枚;同一朵花内雄蕊长度变化较大,越接近基部越短小,雌蕊长度变化不大;大部分花其基部存在着花药发育不正常的雄蕊,内含花粉量少,介于正常花药和退化花药之间;每个花药中的花粉数目约(2145±515)个;体外萌发试验表明,该种花粉萌发率在开花后24 h达到最高值,开花后50 h(第3 d)花粉仍维持4.8%左右的萌发率,由此推测白头翁花粉具有远距离传播的潜能;白头翁苞片形态变异很大,共发现9种不同式样.     

木槿属4种植物花粉活力和杂交亲和性研究

以木芙蓉、木槿、朱槿和重瓣朱槿为材料,对其花粉活力、花粉贮藏方法、杂交亲和性,以及杂交幼胚无菌培养进行研究。结果表明:14种植物的花粉均具有较高的萌发率,依次为木芙蓉88.3%、重瓣朱槿82.5%、朱槿77.8%、木槿76.1%;2室温和4℃不适宜该属植物花粉的贮藏,花粉活力最长保持2 d;3木槿属种间杂交亲和性较低,木芙蓉×重瓣朱槿、木芙蓉×朱槿、木芙蓉×木槿的结实率分别为12%、8%、3%;4木芙蓉×朱槿杂交组合获得的种子幼胚离体培养适宜培养基为WPM+IBA 1.0 mg/L+BA 0.1 mg/L,此条件下的萌发率为56.6%。     

甘薯花粉—柱头乳突细胞间相互作用的细胞学研究

以甘薯鸟吃种和高自一号为亲本进行人工自花授粉;以甘薯鸟吃种和高自一号为母本,河北351为父本进行杂交授粉.观察了花粉在柱头上的行为,柱头乳突细胞表面糖蛋白的定位分布,授粉前后乳突细胞超微结构的变化.结果表明,不育组合首先表现出花粉在柱头上粘附和水合能力很弱,花粉不萌发.能育组合授粉后花粉在柱头上的粘附水合能力很强,多数花粉萌发.但有的花粉管不进入柱头,仅在乳突细胞表面爬行,或提前破裂,释放内容物;以及在花粉管接触的柱头乳突细胞中沉积胼胝质.糖蛋白(钉红着色物质)在能育与不育组合的柱头乳突细胞壁上的分布有明显的差异,作者用细胞化学定位法验证了糖蛋白与自交不育可能存在的相关性.鸟吃种柱头乳突细胞杂交授粉后12h其超微结构明显退化;而自花授粉后3h就已明显退化.柱头乳突细胞退化的早晚可能与所授花粉是否能育相关.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with