关于做好光学实验的思考

光学实验是现代物理实验的基本内容，做好光学实验，要加强实验理论学习，帮助学生正确理解实验内容；要把握光学实验特点，认真做好各项准备，仔细进行实验观察；要合理改进实验程序，适应缩短实验的时间，不断提高实验效率；要加强实验仪器管理，加大实验设备投入，保证实验正常进行。     

果蝇综合大实验改革探索

果蝇综合大实验，是我们遗传学实验改革的一个重要内容，综合大实验，是将不同研究水平的实验，集中连续交叉开出，充分利用实验时间，充分利用教师的科研优势，充分利用本地果蝇资源，增选实验内容，改进实验方法，培养学生的综合能力。     

液体饱和蒸气压测定实验装置的改进

液体的饱和蒸气压实验属于化学热力学实验，它是一个比较经典的物理化学实验。文章介绍了该实验装置的改进，经过改进的装置，使实验操作易于控制，加快了实验速度，降低了实验失败率，同时也减少了实验室的环境污染。     

改革中学化学实验,培养学生创新意识

实验教学是综合培养学生知识、能力和素质三者一体化的最好场所，是培养学生创新意识的重要手段，是实施素质教育的重要途径．然而，我国传统的中学化学实验内容存在许多问题，笔者认为，这些问题概括起来主要有以下几个方面：第一，实验内容的设计严格区分演示实验和学生实验，而且照方抓药的验证性实验过多，留给学生主动探究的空间很少，不利于实验功能的充分发挥；第二，目前的化学实验，无论在实验课题和内容的选择上、实验方案的设计上，还是在实验教学的要求和评价上，实验的学术化倾向严重，这极不利于培养学生的创新意识；第三，实验内容脱离学生的生活实际和社会实际；第四，过分孤立地强调化学实验操作技能的训练，过于重视实验的认知性结果，忽视学生的过程性体验．面对我国中学化学实验教学存在的问题，实验教学的改革显得刻不容缓．要在实验教学中发展学生的智力，提高学生的科学素质，我们就要改革中学化学实验，重新选择全面体现以实验为基础、贴近生活、贴近社会、体现绿色化学思想、注重趣味性的化学实验内容，并且注重在实验教学中改进课堂实验，激活学生的实验思维，增加实验探究内容，培养学生创新意识．     

浅谈我校大学物理虚拟实验室的建设

充分利用我校现有优势资源建立大学物理实验网络虚拟实验平台，其中包括若干个虚拟实验，拓宽了物理实验的时空观，且不受场地的限制，增加了受训人员的实验有效时数，提高了效率，是传统实验的有效补充和完善。     

中师物理实验教学浅探

1中师物理实验教学的现状中师物理实验教学现行的做法大都是：演示实验由教师唱独角戏，学生观察，学生是被动的知识接受者；学生实验是在教师提出实验课题，给出实验要求、实验原理、实验器材、实验步骤内容，学生按步就班地进行实验验证．当然这种教学方法对于学生掌握一些物理实验的基本知识和技能是必要的，但对学生来说，学习兴趣、动手能力、创造能力等得不到发展，束缚了中师生的手脚．那么应如何改进呢？2加强和改进物理实验教学改进物理实验教学应改进演示实验和学生实验的做法，加强课外学生实验．2．演示实验现行的演示实验，学…     

教学仪器在培养学生创新精神和实验动手能力中的作用

物理学是一门实验科学，物理概念的建立与物理规律的发现，都以实验事实为依据。实验是物理学重要研究方法，只有重视实验，物理教学才能获得成功。学生只有通过实验观察物理事实，才能真正理解和掌握知识。物理实验在培养创新能力，提高学生素质方面具有其它手段不可替代的作用。物理实验离不开教学仪器，教学仪器完好无缺是保证物理实验顺利完成的必要条件，在培养学生的创新精神和实验动手能力方面起到重要的作用。     

创新中学物理演示实验的几点探索

物理演示实验的成功有效与否，直接关系到一节课的教学效果．鉴于此，从实验装置结构方面着手，结合自己的教学实践，分析了导致演示实验效果不好或失败的可能性，并从实验动力源、实验对象、实验显示器、用以调控实验条件的器材四个方面，对如何改进中学物理演示实验谈了自己的一些体会和做法．     

新课标下的化学实验教学

化学实验教学中存在一些问题。如只重视获得实验结论，不重视展示实验过程；只重视实验的操作或演示，忽视实验过程的问题设置；学生实验只注意对学生动手能力的训练，不注意对学生实验习惯的训练，照方抓药的验证性实验多，探索、设计性实验少，不重视思维能力的培养等。     

碳钢的热处理综合实验的教学改革

“碳钢的热处理综合实验周”是以学生实践操作为主体的综合性实验。将传统的演示实验更改为以学生操作为主的实验后，能在充分利用现有实验设备的基础上，拓展理论知识，丰富实验内容，教学相长。在实验步骤和考核内容中，与生产实际接轨，引入生产中的竞争与合作机制，极大提高了学生的实验积极性和主动性，教学效果优良。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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