跨文化言语交际中的语用策略

跨文化交际系指不同文化背景的人们之间进行的言语或非言语交际行为,它在国际和民族间的交流、交往和合作中起着举足轻重的作用.鉴于文化上的差异,在交际行为中产生语用失误并造成交际障碍和失败的情况时有发生,语用策略的选择势在必行.本文从言语交际的礼貌得体本质、语用策略选择的"面子"理据和语用策略选择的文化属性特征三个方面对跨文化言语交际中的语用策略做出了阐述.     

英汉批评言语行为的比较

批评言语行为是人们日常生活中最常见的言语行为之一。中西方国家由于文化模式，思维定势的不同，人们在实施批评言语行为时使用的语用策略也存在差异。了解英汉批评言语行为语用策略的异同，能帮助第二外语学习者克服跨文化交际的障碍，从而提高在跨文化交际中运用批评行为的能力。     

非言语交际与外语教学

外语教学的主要目的是培养学生的听、说、读、写、译等跨文化交际功能。非言语交际教学是外语教学不可或缺的组成部分，可以促进外语教学。文中研究分析了非言语交际的语用特性和语用功能，并倡导在外语教学中结合非言语交际教学，以促进外语教学的效果。     

浅谈跨文化交际中的语用失误

语用失误研究是跨文化交际和中介语语用学中的一个重要研究领域。近年来，随着跨文化交际的日益频繁，对语用失误的研究已经引起了国内外众多语言学家的关注。本文拟从跨文化交际中的言语交际与非言语交际的语用失误两个方面进行论述。     

跨文化交际中非言语交际语用失误研究

在进行跨文化交际时，人们往往只注意语言交际，而忽略非语言交际，经常会出现因非语言交际失误引起的交际失败。本文研究分析了在跨文化交际中非言语交际语用失误的现象，并提出了在外语教学中针对学生非言语交际能力普遍较弱这一现状的几条应对策略。     

语用模糊理论阐释

话语策略是人们在言语交际中顺利实现交际目的或占据有利地位的重要手段。语用模糊策略正是这种策略之一。文章阐述了俄语语料中使用这一话语策略的言语现象。     

英语模糊限制语的语用功能研究

英语模糊限制语是一种常见的语言现象,在言语交际中恰当运用模糊限制语是一个合格的英语语言使用者必备的语言能力之一。本文首先概括介绍了模糊限制语的概念及其分类,然后结合语用学的一些基本理论和原则分析了它们在言语交际中的语用功能,进一步证明使用英语模糊限制语是一种行之有效的交际策略。     

模糊限制语的语用功能

模糊限制语是一种常见的语言现象,在言语交际中恰当运用模糊限制语是一个合格的语言使用者必备的语言能力之一。本文首先介绍了模糊限制语的定义及语用分类然后分析了它们在言语交际中的语用功能。     

模糊限制语在交际中的语用功能

语言中存在着大量的模糊限制语，它是言语文际中一种常见的语言现象，从语言使用和理解的角度对模糊限制语在言语交际中的语用功能进行了语用分析，通过分析指出恰当使用模糊限制语可以使言语委婉、含蓄，灵活有效，严谨周全，不留漏洞，以达到更好地实现交际的目的。反之，则会破坏言语的表达效果，影响交际的目的。     

跨文化交际中的语用失误研究

语用失误是语言学研究领域的一个重要概念，是导致跨文化交际故障的重要根源。通过分析语用失误的定义、分类和产生的原因，有助于我们正确理解语用失误。同时提出合理的语用策略，从而在根本上减少或避免跨文化交际中的失误现象，保证跨文化交际的顺利进行。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the