页岩储层SRV影响因素分析

为了计算页岩储层压裂改造体积,建立了与施工参数相关联的储层改造体积SRV(Stimulated Reservoir Volume)计算模型。应用该模型研究了弹性模量、泊松比、地应力差、储层厚度等因素对储层改造体积的影响,分析得知泊松比和水平主应力差存在临界值,分别为0.36 MPa和6 MPa,超过临界值后难于形成缝网。通过页岩储层实例分析得出储层改造体积随着压裂排量的增加而增大,施工排量存在一个最佳值10 m3/min;储层改造体积随着液量的增加而增大,增幅先增后减;增大施工压力可增大储层改造体积,但增幅不明显。该模型为页岩储层体积压裂施工参数优选和改造体积预测提供参考。     

Atrial natriuretic peptide inhibits angiotensin-stimulated proximal tubular sodium and water reabsorption

The discovery that atrial extracts have potent diuretic and natriuretic properties revealed a possible endocrine function of the heart in the regulation of extracellular fluid volume. Since that first report intense research activity has been directed towards determining the mechanism of action of the active atrial natriuretic polypeptides (ANP) found in these extracts. Despite these efforts it remains controversial whether the renal actions of ANP are exerted solely on the process of glomerular filtration or involve additional direct actions on tubular transport. We have investigated the possibility that atrial natriuretic polypeptides may induce natriuresis by suppression of proximal tubular sodium and water reabsorption. Using shrinking split-drop micropuncture combined with simultaneous capillary perfusion in anaesthetized rats we report that 20 nanomolar alpha-rANP (the main component of ANP in rat plasma) added to the peritubular fluid had no direct effect on proximal fluid uptake whereas picomolar angiotensin II had a marked stimulatory action as reported. The stimulatory effect of angiotensin II on fluid reabsorption was inhibited by peritubular ANP at physiological concentrations and abolished by higher concentrations of ANP. Thus at physiological concentrations ANP acts within the kidney to decrease proximal reabsorption by inhibition of angiotensin-stimulated sodium and water transport.     

Atrial natriuretic peptide causes pre-glomerular vasodilatation and post-glomerular vasoconstriction in rat kidney

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) can be extracted from rat hearts, and is found to increase fluid excretion by the kidneys when injected into test animals. The mechanism of ANP action is still unclear. ANP may reduce sodium reabsorption in the renal tubules, but it is also known that it increases the rate of glomerular filtration in the kidney, and relaxes preparations of smooth muscle, including one made from arteries that supply the kidney. To clarify its mode of action, we have studied directly the effects of semi-purified and synthetic ANP on blood vessels in the kidney of anaesthetized rats. We found that ANP causes a vasodilatation of the blood vessels which supply the glomeruli and a vasoconstriction of the arterioles which drain them. This substantiates the finding that increased filtration pressure participates in the natriuretic response.     

致密油藏直井体积压裂储层改造体积的影响因素

基于三叠系长7致密储层地质特征建立直井典型缝网模型,利用数值模拟方法对体积压裂与常规压裂的开发效果进行对比,模拟不同缝网形态、裂缝间距及导流能力对体积压裂储层改造体积(VSR)的影响。结果表明:体积压裂改造方式能够改善油藏的渗流环境,增加储层动用程度,大幅度提高单井产能;储层改造体积越大,压后产量越高;相同改造体积下,开发效果与井筒连通的有效裂缝体积密切相关;裂缝间距及主、次裂缝导流能力对储层改造体积的影响较大。     

Communication between osteoblasts stimulated by electromagnetic fields

Pulsed electromagnetic field can affect the proliferation of osteoblasts, but the mechanism is obscure yet. The communication between osteoblasts, isolated from calvaria bone of newborn SD rats and stimulated with the rectangular electromagnetic field of 15 Hz and 4 mT, was studied. Our results showed that the osteoblasts radiated a kind of light after they were stimulated with the electromagnetic field and it is the light that promotes the proliferation of un-stimulated osteoblasts.     

Observation of stimulated emission by direct three-photon excitation

Multiphoton processes, predicted theoretically in 1931, were for a long time considered to be mainly of academic interest. This view changed when it was shown that a two-photon absorption process could, because of a quadratic dependence of excitation on intensity, produce a spatially confined excitation useful for three-dimensional data storage and imaging. Two-photon absorption has received considerable attention recently because of the development of highly efficient two-photon-sensitive materials, leading to numerous technological applications. These successes have created interest in exploring applications based on three-photon excitations. For a three-photon process, a longer excitation wavelength such as those common in optical communications can be used. Also, the cubic dependence of the three-photon process on the input light intensity provides a stronger spatial confinement, so that a higher contrast in imaging can be obtained. Here we report the observation of a highly directional and up-converted stimulated emission as an amplified spontaneous emission, produced in an organic chromophore solution by a strong simultaneous three-photon absorption at 1.3 microm. This achievement suggests opportunities for a three-photon process in frequency-upconversion lasing, short-pulse optical communications, and the emerging field of biophotonics.     

可见光激发铽配合物的荧光光谱

用波长为532nm的可见激光对铽离子（Tb^3 )的3种不同配合物的荧光光谱进行了实验研究。分析了讨论了它们的荧光谱线特性、配体对荧光谱线的影响以及上转换荧光形成的机制。     

红外激光脉冲加热下耳蜗内温度变化的模拟研究

建立了一个三维光热模型,应用该模型分别研究了红外激光脉冲在人耳蜗和动物耳蜗内由于激光吸收引起的温度变化。采用有限元方法,数值模拟了耳蜗内温度在空间和时域的变化。研究发现尽管激光吸收引起了一定的温度升高,但是可以通过调节激光脉冲参数比如激光功率和重复频率对温度变化进行控制。通过对比相同参数的激光脉冲在豚鼠耳蜗内和人耳蜗内引起的温度变化,发现动物耳蜗内温度升高较明显。因此从激光热效应的角度看,动物实验能有效帮助合理选择激光在人耳蜗内的安全参数。     

胰岛素抵抗及高血糖对GFAT活性的影响

分别观察了胰岛素抵抗和高血糖水平对己糖胺途径限速酶GFAT活性的影响.在alloxan高血糖小鼠模型中,与正常对照组比较,血清果糖胺水平升高了15.9%,肾组织GFAT活性升高了32.8%;经胰岛素治疗后,血清果糖胺水平降低了9.7%,其肾组织GFAT活性也降低了l9.4%.在高糖高脂饲料诱导的胰岛素抵抗的IR小鼠中,与同批正常对照组比较,正糖钳实验中稳态时葡萄糖输注率G IR值降低了69.3%,胰岛素耐量实验中的AUC值升高了38.1%,其肾脏组织GFAT活性也增加了26.6%.在胰岛素诱导的具有胰岛素抵抗的IR-H IR c细胞模型中,与正常H IR c细胞比较,其10、25 nmol/L胰岛素诱导的葡萄糖摄取能力分别降低了25.3%、21.1%,而GFAT活性分别增加了29.7%、46.5%.可见,GFAT活性与一段时间的平均血糖水平和胰岛素抵抗状态密切正相关.